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network topologies
network topologies

... direct links. Networks designed with this topology are usually very expensive to set up, but provide a high degree of reliability due to the multiple paths for data that are provided by the large number of redundant links between nodes. This topology is mostly seen in military applications. V CONCLU ...
Scheduing Algorithms for Wireless Ad
Scheduing Algorithms for Wireless Ad

... Multiple transmissions may occur within the network in one TS. ...
Model Answers Mid-Semester Test 2010
Model Answers Mid-Semester Test 2010

... d. Subnet 500: Note that the subnet 500 is not the last possible subnet, it is the last subnet used by the organization. To find the first address in subnet 500, we need to add 16,351,232 (499 x 32678) in base 256 (0. 249.128.0) to the first address in subnet 1. We have 16.0.0.0 + 0.249.128.0 = 16.2 ...
Click - California State University, Northridge
Click - California State University, Northridge

... received by all SSs within the same sector The uplink is time division multiple access(TDMA) – Channel is divided into a number of time slots which are assigned various ...
Network Auditing - Personal Web Pages
Network Auditing - Personal Web Pages

...  Closing connection ▪ No further data will be sent from sender ...
slides - network systems lab @ sfu
slides - network systems lab @ sfu

...  tourist = datagram  transport segment = communication link ...
ppt
ppt

... • Must “alias” all interfaces to a single node • Is topology a function of vantage point? • Each vantage point forms a tree ...
Lesson 5 - The Data Link Layer
Lesson 5 - The Data Link Layer

... A link-layer reliable -delivery service is often used for links that are prone to high error rates, such as a wireless link. The goal is to correct an error locally, on the link where the error occurs, rather than forcing an end-to-end retransmission of the data by a transport - layer or application ...
T R ECHNICAL ESEARCH
T R ECHNICAL ESEARCH

... this problem by tracking group dynamics only; the underlying unicast routing protocol is relied upon for tracking network dynamics, which it is required to do anyway. AMRoute emphasizes robustness even with rapidly changing membership or highly dynamic networks; it does not attempt to provide the ab ...
InfiniBand
InfiniBand

... • Path computation: – Compute paths between all pair of nodes – For irregular topology: • Up/Down routing does not work directly – Need information about the incoming interface and the destination and Infiniband only uses destination – Potential solution: » find all possible paths » remove all poss ...
constrained passive tracking using wireless sensor networks
constrained passive tracking using wireless sensor networks

ppt
ppt

... human conversation: ...
1. Introduction
1. Introduction

... It has been estimated that among all the Internet connected PC’s in the world, there exists an “aggregate ten billion MHz of processing power and ten thousand terabytes of storage, assuming only 100 million PC’s among the net’s 300 million users, and only a 100MHz chip and 100 megabyte drive in the ...
M*N - UCL Computer Science
M*N - UCL Computer Science

... Multiplayer games ...
Network Layer
Network Layer

...  Multiple same-cost paths allowed (only one path must ...
Ad hoc wireless multicast routing
Ad hoc wireless multicast routing

... A group of nodes acts as multicast forwarding nodes for each multicast group. A group of nodes is maintained instead of the links that constitute the tree or mesh. ...
Module 2
Module 2

... The network ID of the destination used to check whether the destination is in the same network with the computer or not  Yes, use the ARP to determine the MAC address and forward the frame to it  No, send it to the router (using the ip of the router) and the router looks into the Routing table for ...
lecture13 - Academic Csuohio
lecture13 - Academic Csuohio

... Destination address: 6 bytes (48 bits) Highest order bit: 0 individual, 1 multicast; all 1’s broadcast  Frames received with non-matching destination address is discarded Type/Length: type of network layer protocol (or length of payload) Pad – used to produce valid frame >= 64 bytes Checksum – 32-b ...
Data Link Layer Switching
Data Link Layer Switching

... the netid part of the Internet address, i.e. hostid is not used ...
Trust Based Algorithm for Candidate Node Selection in Hybrid
Trust Based Algorithm for Candidate Node Selection in Hybrid

... rithms are based on link state algorithm for the unconstrained selection based on the Dijkstra algorithm [7]. Fig. 2: Trust computation models for hybrid MANET-DTN. Most methods are based on generalizing the BellmanFord algorithm and they prove its optimality [8], [9]. In this article the trust base ...
Overview of the ORBIT Radio Grid Testbed for Evaluation of Next
Overview of the ORBIT Radio Grid Testbed for Evaluation of Next

Introduction to Graph Theory
Introduction to Graph Theory

... Representing a problem as a graph can provide a different point of view Representing a problem as a graph can make a problem much simpler ...
CCNA 1 Module 6 Ethernet Fundamentals
CCNA 1 Module 6 Ethernet Fundamentals

... (protocols / methods) – Provides services to network layer protocols, while communicating with access technologies below it • LAN access technologies: – Ethernet – Token Ring – FDDI ...
PPT
PPT

Service Convergence over TDM Access Networks using
Service Convergence over TDM Access Networks using

... Enables new Ethernet-based services Over existing Copper PDH Access Network Facilities with no speed or distance limitations ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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