The Incoherence of the Incoherence
... and Physics, have left the religion of their fathers in which they were brought up to follow the philosophers. The theories of the philosophers are many, but Ghazali will attack only one, the greatest, Aristotle; Aristotle, of whom it is said that he refuted all his predecessors, even Plato, excusi ...
... and Physics, have left the religion of their fathers in which they were brought up to follow the philosophers. The theories of the philosophers are many, but Ghazali will attack only one, the greatest, Aristotle; Aristotle, of whom it is said that he refuted all his predecessors, even Plato, excusi ...
Logic Notes 2006
... way as to help them decide which of the possible answers to the questions are true. The philosopher’s thinking about the general and basic questions that remain as the subject matter of philosophy frequently takes the form of arguments. So we are going to begin our study of philosophical problems by ...
... way as to help them decide which of the possible answers to the questions are true. The philosopher’s thinking about the general and basic questions that remain as the subject matter of philosophy frequently takes the form of arguments. So we are going to begin our study of philosophical problems by ...
The Ontological Argument in PVS 1 Introduction
... and bypasses the premises otherwise needed to establish that fact. In PVS, these issues of definedness, existence of constants, and quantification over possibly empty domains are addressed soundly by its logic and enforced by its automation. Quantification in PVS is over types, which may be empty: u ...
... and bypasses the premises otherwise needed to establish that fact. In PVS, these issues of definedness, existence of constants, and quantification over possibly empty domains are addressed soundly by its logic and enforced by its automation. Quantification in PVS is over types, which may be empty: u ...
ABSOLUTE - Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu
... rule by which all things become reality, and a law that is common to all things and rules all. Thus it contains rationality and intelligence. Pythagoras took number as the absolute principle of everything. He understood number as a synthesis of two more primordial elements: the boundless (that which ...
... rule by which all things become reality, and a law that is common to all things and rules all. Thus it contains rationality and intelligence. Pythagoras took number as the absolute principle of everything. He understood number as a synthesis of two more primordial elements: the boundless (that which ...
Document
... Notice that 3 and 4 do not Necessarily, a being has maximal imply that there are excellence in every world only if possible but non-existent it has omniscience, omnipotence, beings. and moral perfection in every world. ...
... Notice that 3 and 4 do not Necessarily, a being has maximal imply that there are excellence in every world only if possible but non-existent it has omniscience, omnipotence, beings. and moral perfection in every world. ...
A Study Guide to Descartes` Meditations
... sceptical challenge seriously, not by believing the skeptic outright, but rather by withholding assent to any belief that is vulnerable to the sceptical attack. ‘It will not be necessary for me to show that all my opinions are false’; instead ‘I should hold back my assent from opinions which are not ...
... sceptical challenge seriously, not by believing the skeptic outright, but rather by withholding assent to any belief that is vulnerable to the sceptical attack. ‘It will not be necessary for me to show that all my opinions are false’; instead ‘I should hold back my assent from opinions which are not ...
On the Logic of the Ontological Argument
... Thinking Machines Corporation and Edward N. Zalta Philosophy Department Stanford University Saint Anselm of Canterbury offered several arguments for the existence of God. We examine the famous ontological argument in Proslogium ii. Many recent authors have interpreted this argument as a modal one.1 ...
... Thinking Machines Corporation and Edward N. Zalta Philosophy Department Stanford University Saint Anselm of Canterbury offered several arguments for the existence of God. We examine the famous ontological argument in Proslogium ii. Many recent authors have interpreted this argument as a modal one.1 ...
SWINB.URNE`S ARGUMENT FROM CONSCIOUSNESS
... losophy of religion iff A's premises (i) add to the probability of its conclusion and (ii) "are known to be true by those who argue about religion.,,4 The second stage in the program is a demonstration that these (six) C-inductive arguments, when combined, yield a good P-inductive argument to the ex ...
... losophy of religion iff A's premises (i) add to the probability of its conclusion and (ii) "are known to be true by those who argue about religion.,,4 The second stage in the program is a demonstration that these (six) C-inductive arguments, when combined, yield a good P-inductive argument to the ex ...
nothingness.plato.stanford.edu
... take up space, they take up time. An idealist such as George Berkeley could still ask ‘Why is there is something rather than nothing?’ even though he was convinced that material things are not possible ...
... take up space, they take up time. An idealist such as George Berkeley could still ask ‘Why is there is something rather than nothing?’ even though he was convinced that material things are not possible ...
The Relevance of Kant's Objection to Anselm's Ontological Argument
... being that exists in reality as well as in the understanding seems greater than an otherwise similar one that exists just in the understanding.2 These two claims imply the contradictory thought that we can imagine a being greater than the greatest imaginable being. Thus, the original atheist supposi ...
... being that exists in reality as well as in the understanding seems greater than an otherwise similar one that exists just in the understanding.2 These two claims imply the contradictory thought that we can imagine a being greater than the greatest imaginable being. Thus, the original atheist supposi ...
The Miracle of Theism
... 2. If a proposition is impossible in at least one possible world, then it is impossible in every possible world. 3. Accordingly, it is impossible in the actual world. 4. If it is impossible then there actually exists a being that is omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect; this being has these q ...
... 2. If a proposition is impossible in at least one possible world, then it is impossible in every possible world. 3. Accordingly, it is impossible in the actual world. 4. If it is impossible then there actually exists a being that is omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect; this being has these q ...
Michael Martin and the moral argument for God`s existence
... culminating, perhaps, with Time magazine’s April 8, 1966, title: “Is God Dead?”—philosophers are once again vigorously debating the rationality of theistic belief. Emerging from amid this renaissance is an increasing number of publications treating the various so-called “theistic proofs” or argument ...
... culminating, perhaps, with Time magazine’s April 8, 1966, title: “Is God Dead?”—philosophers are once again vigorously debating the rationality of theistic belief. Emerging from amid this renaissance is an increasing number of publications treating the various so-called “theistic proofs” or argument ...
Chapter 2 Metaphysics, Fideism, Speculation
... necessarily. The critique of ideologies, which ultimately always consists in demonstrating that a social situation which is presented as inevitable is actually contingent, is essentially indissociable from the critique of metaphysics, the latter being understood as the illusory manufacturing of nece ...
... necessarily. The critique of ideologies, which ultimately always consists in demonstrating that a social situation which is presented as inevitable is actually contingent, is essentially indissociable from the critique of metaphysics, the latter being understood as the illusory manufacturing of nece ...
Can We Believe Without Sufficient Evidence? The James/Clifford
... rational when it isn’t generated by a cognitive system with some kind of malfunction. An immense number of beliefs might also be considered rational, as long as the believer isn’t aware of some defeater, namely, a belief p which, if sustained, has the capacity to defeat a previously held belief. If ...
... rational when it isn’t generated by a cognitive system with some kind of malfunction. An immense number of beliefs might also be considered rational, as long as the believer isn’t aware of some defeater, namely, a belief p which, if sustained, has the capacity to defeat a previously held belief. If ...
QUESTION 46 The Beginning of Duration for Created Things The
... It seems that the universe of creatures (universitas creaturarum), which goes by the name ‘the world’ (mundum), did not begin to exist, but has instead existed from eternity: Objection 1: Everything that began to exist is such that before it existed, it was possible for it to exist; otherwise, it wo ...
... It seems that the universe of creatures (universitas creaturarum), which goes by the name ‘the world’ (mundum), did not begin to exist, but has instead existed from eternity: Objection 1: Everything that began to exist is such that before it existed, it was possible for it to exist; otherwise, it wo ...
Kant`s Pre-Critical Proof for God`s Existence
... Kant continued to lecture his entire academic career. It both criticizes and critically appropriates elements from that tradition in an attempt to work out a better theory of possibility than that on offer in those books. The failure of Kant (and his successors down to the twentieth century) to jus ...
... Kant continued to lecture his entire academic career. It both criticizes and critically appropriates elements from that tradition in an attempt to work out a better theory of possibility than that on offer in those books. The failure of Kant (and his successors down to the twentieth century) to jus ...
Why Hume and Kant were mistaken in rejecting natural theology
... different from those in many respects. Suppose Hume has impressions of what are in fact eighteenth- century European humans. These impressions can give rise to an idea applicable to and only to eighteenth-century European humans. But they could also give rise to an idea applicable to and only to hu ...
... different from those in many respects. Suppose Hume has impressions of what are in fact eighteenth- century European humans. These impressions can give rise to an idea applicable to and only to eighteenth-century European humans. But they could also give rise to an idea applicable to and only to hu ...
First Prize: An Analysis of the Ontological Argument of St Anselm
... St Anselm (1033CE-1109CE) was a philosopher and theologian and held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093CE until his death. He is remembered chiefly as the originator of the first ‘Ontological Argument’ for the existence of God. Ontological Arguments1 are a priori2 arguments purporting t ...
... St Anselm (1033CE-1109CE) was a philosopher and theologian and held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093CE until his death. He is remembered chiefly as the originator of the first ‘Ontological Argument’ for the existence of God. Ontological Arguments1 are a priori2 arguments purporting t ...
Introduction to Philosophy
... XI. A priori and a posteriori arguments P The ontological argument is an example of an a priori argument for God’s existence. P A priori statements are explained by the use of thought, rather than experience. P A statement is believed a priori if our justification of that belief is independent of e ...
... XI. A priori and a posteriori arguments P The ontological argument is an example of an a priori argument for God’s existence. P A priori statements are explained by the use of thought, rather than experience. P A statement is believed a priori if our justification of that belief is independent of e ...
The Philosophy of Don Hasdai Crescas: Chapter II Meyer Waxman
... THEexistence of God is proved by Crescas in a very simple manner. he proof runs in the following way : Whether there is a finite or an infinite number of effects, or whether an infinite series of causes is given, but as long as the series is infinite and all things are caused, we do not find in natu ...
... THEexistence of God is proved by Crescas in a very simple manner. he proof runs in the following way : Whether there is a finite or an infinite number of effects, or whether an infinite series of causes is given, but as long as the series is infinite and all things are caused, we do not find in natu ...
Slide 1
... discover something about the divine. They do not assume the truth of some special revelation; they allow only what reason can prove. Natural Theology has as its professed object to vindicate our belief in God, and to deal with the manifold objections, which from a wide variety of standpoints have be ...
... discover something about the divine. They do not assume the truth of some special revelation; they allow only what reason can prove. Natural Theology has as its professed object to vindicate our belief in God, and to deal with the manifold objections, which from a wide variety of standpoints have be ...
Divine Injunction
... “Kant himself in a later work, and many other thinkers, have argued from the existence of the moral law to a lawgiver, God. This argument has also been used: The moral law is objective. In what, then, does it reside? Certainly not in the physical world. Nor only in the minds of men. An ethical propo ...
... “Kant himself in a later work, and many other thinkers, have argued from the existence of the moral law to a lawgiver, God. This argument has also been used: The moral law is objective. In what, then, does it reside? Certainly not in the physical world. Nor only in the minds of men. An ethical propo ...
the new Calvinist epistemology
... In the absence of a compelling case from his opponents, Plantinga feels justified in making a case of his own for distinguishing those beliefs which may be properly basic for someone and those which may not. The intended result of his analysis is, of course, that belief in God may be properly basic, ...
... In the absence of a compelling case from his opponents, Plantinga feels justified in making a case of his own for distinguishing those beliefs which may be properly basic for someone and those which may not. The intended result of his analysis is, of course, that belief in God may be properly basic, ...
Existence is a real
... Miller was aware that most philosophers in the Western tradition going back to Greek philosophy have denied that existence is a real property; the only period in which that view was widely held was the high middle ages. (The historical point is developed in The Fullness of Existence, p. 10-17.) Neve ...
... Miller was aware that most philosophers in the Western tradition going back to Greek philosophy have denied that existence is a real property; the only period in which that view was widely held was the high middle ages. (The historical point is developed in The Fullness of Existence, p. 10-17.) Neve ...
PART FOUR 4A Plato The Beginning of Everything Review
... 2. Conway says that in God “there can exist no new knowledge or Will, but his knowledge and Will are eternal.” What is the difference between “eternal” and “infinite time”? 3. Explain Conway’s meaning when she says, “Likewise, in God there can exist no passion, which to speak properly comes from his ...
... 2. Conway says that in God “there can exist no new knowledge or Will, but his knowledge and Will are eternal.” What is the difference between “eternal” and “infinite time”? 3. Explain Conway’s meaning when she says, “Likewise, in God there can exist no passion, which to speak properly comes from his ...