World Economic Outlook: Crisis and Recovery, April 2009
... In figures and tables, shaded areas indicate IMF staff projections. If no source is listed on tables and figures, data are drawn from the World Economic Outlook (WEO) database. When countries are not listed alphabetically, they are ordered on the basis of economic size. Minor discrepancies between s ...
... In figures and tables, shaded areas indicate IMF staff projections. If no source is listed on tables and figures, data are drawn from the World Economic Outlook (WEO) database. When countries are not listed alphabetically, they are ordered on the basis of economic size. Minor discrepancies between s ...
S0800548_en.pdf
... New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction. ...
... New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction. ...
Interest Rate and the Exchange Rate: A Non
... interest rates and exchange rates, since there may be none to begin with. In building our model, we take as a starting point the fact that most analysts seem to agree that higher interest rates a¤ect key macroeconomic variables essentially through three channels. First, higher interest rates raise ...
... interest rates and exchange rates, since there may be none to begin with. In building our model, we take as a starting point the fact that most analysts seem to agree that higher interest rates a¤ect key macroeconomic variables essentially through three channels. First, higher interest rates raise ...
Capital Flows are Fickle: Anytime, Anywhere 183 WP/13/
... counterpart to the current account balance and one of the factors that determine exchange rates. Gross flows can be drivers of credit and asset prices, affecting domestic financial stability. Thus, it is important to analyze both alike, which this paper does. The paper makes three contributions to t ...
... counterpart to the current account balance and one of the factors that determine exchange rates. Gross flows can be drivers of credit and asset prices, affecting domestic financial stability. Thus, it is important to analyze both alike, which this paper does. The paper makes three contributions to t ...
World Economic Outlook: Housing and the Business Cycle
... In figures and tables, shaded areas indicate IMF staff projections. If no source is listed on tables and figures, data are drawn from the World Economic Outlook database. When countries are not listed alphabetically, they are ordered on the basis of economic size. Minor discrepancies between sums of ...
... In figures and tables, shaded areas indicate IMF staff projections. If no source is listed on tables and figures, data are drawn from the World Economic Outlook database. When countries are not listed alphabetically, they are ordered on the basis of economic size. Minor discrepancies between sums of ...
Keun H. Lee, Northern State University, Farid Sadrieh, Quinnipiac University,
... could be evidence for a growing confidence in the Euro. This stability, however, may turn out to be another temporary blip in its value which the Euro has frequently ...
... could be evidence for a growing confidence in the Euro. This stability, however, may turn out to be another temporary blip in its value which the Euro has frequently ...
public - Europa.eu
... Namely, in the corrective arm of the Pact, the decision was made to take into account revisions affecting the estimates for potential output and the response of revenues to economic developments at the time of assessments. This was made through the so-called alpha and beta corrections. In addition, ...
... Namely, in the corrective arm of the Pact, the decision was made to take into account revisions affecting the estimates for potential output and the response of revenues to economic developments at the time of assessments. This was made through the so-called alpha and beta corrections. In addition, ...
2000 - ECB
... reference period and the significant shortterm interest rate differentials also displayed a gradual decrease from September 1998 onwards. However, relatively high interest rate differentials played an important role during the reference period. Foreign exchange interventions were conducted at times, ...
... reference period and the significant shortterm interest rate differentials also displayed a gradual decrease from September 1998 onwards. However, relatively high interest rate differentials played an important role during the reference period. Foreign exchange interventions were conducted at times, ...
What kind of convergence does the euro area need?
... Bank, and Martin Schulz, the President of the European Parliament, has put the question of fostering convergence firmly in the spotlight (Juncker et al., 2015). It is at the top of the agenda when it comes to reforming, strengthening, and ensuring the survival of the euro area. The report calls for ...
... Bank, and Martin Schulz, the President of the European Parliament, has put the question of fostering convergence firmly in the spotlight (Juncker et al., 2015). It is at the top of the agenda when it comes to reforming, strengthening, and ensuring the survival of the euro area. The report calls for ...
First and Second Reviews of the Staff-Monitored Program and
... Implementing fiscal consolidation while protecting the poor. The government will continue to implement fiscal consolidation, mostly through inefficient capital expenditure retrenchment, while protecting social spending. This will help to bring spending to a sustainable level given the much lower lev ...
... Implementing fiscal consolidation while protecting the poor. The government will continue to implement fiscal consolidation, mostly through inefficient capital expenditure retrenchment, while protecting social spending. This will help to bring spending to a sustainable level given the much lower lev ...
Trade and Resources: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model
... and capital resources found in each country. Canada, for example, has a large amount of land and therefore exports agricultural and forestry products, as well as pertroleum; the United States, Western Europe, and Japan have many highly skilled workers and much capital and export sophisticated servic ...
... and capital resources found in each country. Canada, for example, has a large amount of land and therefore exports agricultural and forestry products, as well as pertroleum; the United States, Western Europe, and Japan have many highly skilled workers and much capital and export sophisticated servic ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RECESSION Joshua Aizenman
... Our sample consists of 107 countries, which is the maximum number of countries for which data on at least one financial stress indicator is available, after removing from the universe of countries, those with populations of less than a million (latest available figures), those that were classified a ...
... Our sample consists of 107 countries, which is the maximum number of countries for which data on at least one financial stress indicator is available, after removing from the universe of countries, those with populations of less than a million (latest available figures), those that were classified a ...
Standing in the way of development?
... US$ 17 billion in 2014. These sums represent sizeable increases from its total lending commitments of US$1.6 billion in 2008 (IMF 2009a, p. 6).3 This projected expansion departs from a previously downward trend in the LIC use of IMF facilities, as cumulative disbursements (through all facilities) to ...
... US$ 17 billion in 2014. These sums represent sizeable increases from its total lending commitments of US$1.6 billion in 2008 (IMF 2009a, p. 6).3 This projected expansion departs from a previously downward trend in the LIC use of IMF facilities, as cumulative disbursements (through all facilities) to ...
Fiscal Cyclicality and EMU* Agustin S. Benetrix, IIIS, Trinity College Dublin
... National-level fiscal policy is the main stabilisation instrument to deal with country-specific shocks for a member of a currency union. In this way, the coherence of a monetary union depends on the cyclical conduct of fiscal policy by the member states. Counter-cyclical fiscal policies should contr ...
... National-level fiscal policy is the main stabilisation instrument to deal with country-specific shocks for a member of a currency union. In this way, the coherence of a monetary union depends on the cyclical conduct of fiscal policy by the member states. Counter-cyclical fiscal policies should contr ...
ge11 Harding 15027197 en
... Wijnbergen (1994), Sachs and Warner (1997). See van der Ploeg (2010) for a recent survey. ...
... Wijnbergen (1994), Sachs and Warner (1997). See van der Ploeg (2010) for a recent survey. ...
studies and PERSPECTIves the caribbean
... For the goods producers, loan rates and deposit rates tended to decline with interest rate spreads falling marginally, while in the ECCU the situation did not change from 2010. Credit to both the public and private sector has expanded very slowly despite the fact that interest rates have trended dow ...
... For the goods producers, loan rates and deposit rates tended to decline with interest rate spreads falling marginally, while in the ECCU the situation did not change from 2010. Credit to both the public and private sector has expanded very slowly despite the fact that interest rates have trended dow ...
high - Development Studies Association
... LICs are still growing, and faster than developed economies so far effects of the combined global shocks are smaller than those of the 2008-09 crisis better policies have created more fiscal space and slightly more diversified economies in this decade than previously not all countries are vu ...
... LICs are still growing, and faster than developed economies so far effects of the combined global shocks are smaller than those of the 2008-09 crisis better policies have created more fiscal space and slightly more diversified economies in this decade than previously not all countries are vu ...
Know your client and suitability
... Pursuant to IIROC Dealer Member Rules, orders need to be assessed to ensure that they are suitable for the particular client; all recommendations must be suitable for the client. Suitability of orders and recommendations need to be considered based on factors including the client’s current financial ...
... Pursuant to IIROC Dealer Member Rules, orders need to be assessed to ensure that they are suitable for the particular client; all recommendations must be suitable for the client. Suitability of orders and recommendations need to be considered based on factors including the client’s current financial ...
S05931_en.pdf
... Tariff (CET) and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Some of the schemes for implementation were originally conceived at the regional level but were overhauled by national strategies. Presently, regional and national export promotion strategies coexist side by side but with a marked absence of co ...
... Tariff (CET) and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Some of the schemes for implementation were originally conceived at the regional level but were overhauled by national strategies. Presently, regional and national export promotion strategies coexist side by side but with a marked absence of co ...
SUSTAINING RECOVERY AND DYNAMISM FOR INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT 2010
... countries, facing anaemic growth coupled with high unemployment, may restrict trade. This has led to prominent trade disputes that pit developed countries against large exporters from this region. Another concern is that greater liquidity in the global financial system is finding its way to Asia-Pac ...
... countries, facing anaemic growth coupled with high unemployment, may restrict trade. This has led to prominent trade disputes that pit developed countries against large exporters from this region. Another concern is that greater liquidity in the global financial system is finding its way to Asia-Pac ...
Transforming Competitiveness in European Transition Economies: The Role of Foreign Direct Investment
... During the past several years the debate in the transition economies shifted from stabilization and recovery to growth and convergence. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the growing importance of investment liberalization for the transition economies in Europe in achieving convergence and its s ...
... During the past several years the debate in the transition economies shifted from stabilization and recovery to growth and convergence. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the growing importance of investment liberalization for the transition economies in Europe in achieving convergence and its s ...
S2004058_en.pdf
... United Nations Headquarters, New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction. ...
... United Nations Headquarters, New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction. ...
World Economic Outlook
... The World Economic Outlook (WEO) is a survey by the IMF staff published twice a year, in the spring and fall. The WEO is prepared by the IMF staff and has benefited from comments and suggestions by Executive Directors following their discussion of the report on September 25, 2014. The views expresse ...
... The World Economic Outlook (WEO) is a survey by the IMF staff published twice a year, in the spring and fall. The WEO is prepared by the IMF staff and has benefited from comments and suggestions by Executive Directors following their discussion of the report on September 25, 2014. The views expresse ...
Capital Flows to Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet
... private capital flows to all developing countries in 1996.2In 1996, FDI to CEE and FSU, for example, was only $14 billion, equivalent to the total amount received by Malaysia and Mexico in that year. The distribution of FDI flows has also been highly uneven. Over the 1992-96 period, Russia and the V ...
... private capital flows to all developing countries in 1996.2In 1996, FDI to CEE and FSU, for example, was only $14 billion, equivalent to the total amount received by Malaysia and Mexico in that year. The distribution of FDI flows has also been highly uneven. Over the 1992-96 period, Russia and the V ...