NMEICT PROJECT
... study the enzyme kinetics. It has many applications in enzyme kinetics. It helps in understanding the rates of reactions which assist in judging the kind of reaction that enzyme follows. (single- or multiple-substrate mechanism). Enzyme activity measures the amount of enzyme in a reaction. There are ...
... study the enzyme kinetics. It has many applications in enzyme kinetics. It helps in understanding the rates of reactions which assist in judging the kind of reaction that enzyme follows. (single- or multiple-substrate mechanism). Enzyme activity measures the amount of enzyme in a reaction. There are ...
Nonphosphorylating Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
... Nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (np-Ga3PDHase) is a cytosolic unconventional glycolytic enzyme of plant cells regulated by phosphorylation in heterotrophic tissues. After interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, the phosphorylated enzyme becomes less active and more sensitive to ...
... Nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (np-Ga3PDHase) is a cytosolic unconventional glycolytic enzyme of plant cells regulated by phosphorylation in heterotrophic tissues. After interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, the phosphorylated enzyme becomes less active and more sensitive to ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... inflammatory and fibrogenic processes (Table 1). Several synthetic FXR agonists are being evaluated for the treatment of hepatic and metabolic disorders, including NAFLD5, 6. Two FXR-encoding genes have been identified, FXRα and FXR , although only F↓Rα senses bile acids in humans. FXRα is expresse ...
... inflammatory and fibrogenic processes (Table 1). Several synthetic FXR agonists are being evaluated for the treatment of hepatic and metabolic disorders, including NAFLD5, 6. Two FXR-encoding genes have been identified, FXRα and FXR , although only F↓Rα senses bile acids in humans. FXRα is expresse ...
The monocarboxylate transporter family
... Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) catalyze the protonlinked transport of monocarboxylates such as L-lactate, pyruvate, and the ketone bodies across the plasma membrane. There are four isoforms, MCTs 1–4, which are known to perform this function in mammals, each with distinct substrate and inhibito ...
... Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) catalyze the protonlinked transport of monocarboxylates such as L-lactate, pyruvate, and the ketone bodies across the plasma membrane. There are four isoforms, MCTs 1–4, which are known to perform this function in mammals, each with distinct substrate and inhibito ...
CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS
... Insulin and T3 increase activity of (HMGR). Cortisol and glucagon decreases the activity. ...
... Insulin and T3 increase activity of (HMGR). Cortisol and glucagon decreases the activity. ...
Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and cellular pH regulation
... of mitochondria. This Ca2+-based mechanism for cell death, involving mitochondrial swelling and release of apoptogenic proteins, may be particularly relevant to ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuroexcitotoxicity involving NMDA-family receptors, a family of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels that open in ...
... of mitochondria. This Ca2+-based mechanism for cell death, involving mitochondrial swelling and release of apoptogenic proteins, may be particularly relevant to ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuroexcitotoxicity involving NMDA-family receptors, a family of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels that open in ...
Effect of temperature and pH on growth and product formation of
... NAD+ ratio has also been reported to in¯uence the lactate dehydrogenase activity, so that an increased ratio inhibits the enzyme (Garrigues et al. 1997). At low pH this ratio decreases (Snoep et al. 1991), which is in concordance with the observations in the present study. The shift towards a more h ...
... NAD+ ratio has also been reported to in¯uence the lactate dehydrogenase activity, so that an increased ratio inhibits the enzyme (Garrigues et al. 1997). At low pH this ratio decreases (Snoep et al. 1991), which is in concordance with the observations in the present study. The shift towards a more h ...
Mechanistic insights into pancreatic beta
... Elevated glucose levels augment the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in islet cells, which induce oxidative stress. ROS is produced following oxidative phosphorylation of glucose in mitochondria. Since beta-cells have very low levels of antioxidant enzymes, they are particularly vulnerabl ...
... Elevated glucose levels augment the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in islet cells, which induce oxidative stress. ROS is produced following oxidative phosphorylation of glucose in mitochondria. Since beta-cells have very low levels of antioxidant enzymes, they are particularly vulnerabl ...
FATTY ACID OXIDATION Fatty acids are oxidized in several tissues
... successively cleaved off as acetyl CoA (activated acetic acid). Before the release of the acetyl groups, each CH2 group at C-3 of the acyl residue (the β-C atom) is oxidized to the keto group— hence the term β-oxidation for this metabolic pathway. Both spatially and functionally, it is closely linke ...
... successively cleaved off as acetyl CoA (activated acetic acid). Before the release of the acetyl groups, each CH2 group at C-3 of the acyl residue (the β-C atom) is oxidized to the keto group— hence the term β-oxidation for this metabolic pathway. Both spatially and functionally, it is closely linke ...
Lipid metabolism in the fowl under normal and abnormal
... composition and there appear to be no gross differences in the pathways by which they are metabolized or in the biochemical mechanisms involved (Annison, 1 9 7 1; Pearce, 1974). T h e differences which do exist are quantitative rather than qualitative and are expressed physiologically. Absorption an ...
... composition and there appear to be no gross differences in the pathways by which they are metabolized or in the biochemical mechanisms involved (Annison, 1 9 7 1; Pearce, 1974). T h e differences which do exist are quantitative rather than qualitative and are expressed physiologically. Absorption an ...
144803525 - BORA
... Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. The posttranslational modification of its regulatory domain controls the regulation of TH enzyme activity. Different kinases are responsible for the phosphorylation of the enzym ...
... Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. The posttranslational modification of its regulatory domain controls the regulation of TH enzyme activity. Different kinases are responsible for the phosphorylation of the enzym ...
1 Cholesterol synthesis, uptake, and regulation I. Structure and
... mediate cholesterol uptake. Since cholesterol in LDL is surrounded by a protein, they made radioactive LDL and looked to see if it bound to the cell surface; it did, with a saturation curve. They then asked what the LDL was binding to. They found a receptor, but to understand how it binds cholestero ...
... mediate cholesterol uptake. Since cholesterol in LDL is surrounded by a protein, they made radioactive LDL and looked to see if it bound to the cell surface; it did, with a saturation curve. They then asked what the LDL was binding to. They found a receptor, but to understand how it binds cholestero ...
The role of mitochondrial hexokinase II in ischemia - UvA-DARE
... the damage done to SR Ca2+i handling proteins during ischemia and whether ATP levels are restored. If Ca2+i uptake by SR is disrupted due to damage to the Ca2+ handling proteins, Ca2+i levels remain high, which possibly leads to arrhythmias. The rapid restoration of oxygen during the initial minutes ...
... the damage done to SR Ca2+i handling proteins during ischemia and whether ATP levels are restored. If Ca2+i uptake by SR is disrupted due to damage to the Ca2+ handling proteins, Ca2+i levels remain high, which possibly leads to arrhythmias. The rapid restoration of oxygen during the initial minutes ...
Glycogen Metabolism - http://www.utm.edu
... without the accumulation of glucose. It is said that “GP is the glucose sensor”: a) In the phospho (active) form, the P’s on GP are “buried” where PP1 can’t get at them. b) When G binds to active GP-P, its conformation changes, “exposing” the P’s so PP1 can “clip them” off. c) PP1 binds strongly to ...
... without the accumulation of glucose. It is said that “GP is the glucose sensor”: a) In the phospho (active) form, the P’s on GP are “buried” where PP1 can’t get at them. b) When G binds to active GP-P, its conformation changes, “exposing” the P’s so PP1 can “clip them” off. c) PP1 binds strongly to ...
The Diversity of Lysine-Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia coli
... and this modification regulates diverse protein properties including DNA-protein interactions, subcellular location, transcription activity, and protein stability [9, 13-15, 22]. Recently, it has been reported that lysine acetylation and its regulatory enzymes are intimately linked to aging and seve ...
... and this modification regulates diverse protein properties including DNA-protein interactions, subcellular location, transcription activity, and protein stability [9, 13-15, 22]. Recently, it has been reported that lysine acetylation and its regulatory enzymes are intimately linked to aging and seve ...
Modulation of the immune system by Boswellia serrata extracts and
... century AD) as a remedy for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases. In 1986 Singh and Atal reported anti-inflammatory activity of an extract of the gum resin of B. serrata in animal experiments. Wagner et al. (1987) observed inhibition of guinea pig complement system by ␣- and -boswellic ...
... century AD) as a remedy for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases. In 1986 Singh and Atal reported anti-inflammatory activity of an extract of the gum resin of B. serrata in animal experiments. Wagner et al. (1987) observed inhibition of guinea pig complement system by ␣- and -boswellic ...
Jessica Sallander The mechanism of G protein coupled receptor
... divided into two groups: integral and peripheral, based on the strength of their association with the membrane. Specifically, the former are permanently attached either to the lipid bilayer or to integral proteins. Integral proteins are divided into transmembrane and monotopic proteins. While the fo ...
... divided into two groups: integral and peripheral, based on the strength of their association with the membrane. Specifically, the former are permanently attached either to the lipid bilayer or to integral proteins. Integral proteins are divided into transmembrane and monotopic proteins. While the fo ...
ExamView - Test 2 Ch 5-9 Take Home Exam DUE IN CLASS NO
... b. mitochondrial outer membrane c. mitochondrial inner membrane d. mitochondrial intermembrane space e. cytosol The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? a. glycolysis b. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain c. the citri ...
... b. mitochondrial outer membrane c. mitochondrial inner membrane d. mitochondrial intermembrane space e. cytosol The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? a. glycolysis b. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain c. the citri ...
Protein Metabolism
... In acidosis urea synthesis is decreased and glutamine synthesis is increased in the liver. Glutamine is then transported from liver to kidney where it is deaminated by glutaminase to release NH3+glu. NH3 binds to H+ in renal tubule and excreted as NH4+ in urine. ...
... In acidosis urea synthesis is decreased and glutamine synthesis is increased in the liver. Glutamine is then transported from liver to kidney where it is deaminated by glutaminase to release NH3+glu. NH3 binds to H+ in renal tubule and excreted as NH4+ in urine. ...
Cell Biophysics II - Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach
... of the brain were indeed responsible for largely different functions. The experiments led Flourens to the conclusion that the cerebral hemispheres are responsible for higher cognitive functions, that the cerebellum regulates and integrates movements, and that the medulla controls vital functions, su ...
... of the brain were indeed responsible for largely different functions. The experiments led Flourens to the conclusion that the cerebral hemispheres are responsible for higher cognitive functions, that the cerebellum regulates and integrates movements, and that the medulla controls vital functions, su ...
LipidMetabolism
... release of PPi (see previous reactions) This can react with serine or inositol to form the relevant phospholipids; see fig. 16.10. This route to phosphatidylserine is found only in bacteria Lipid Metabolism ...
... release of PPi (see previous reactions) This can react with serine or inositol to form the relevant phospholipids; see fig. 16.10. This route to phosphatidylserine is found only in bacteria Lipid Metabolism ...
Apresentação do PowerPoint
... We proposed HCO4- as potentially relevant biological oxidant that could act by two-electron mechanisms or as a precursor of the CO3•-. The latter view has been supported by other investigators. (Liochev & Fridovich PNAS, 2004; Ramirez, Mejiba, Mason JBC, ...
... We proposed HCO4- as potentially relevant biological oxidant that could act by two-electron mechanisms or as a precursor of the CO3•-. The latter view has been supported by other investigators. (Liochev & Fridovich PNAS, 2004; Ramirez, Mejiba, Mason JBC, ...
" Enzymes "
... - All enzymes are protein in nature; they are water soluble, precipitated by usual reagents like alcohols, ammonium sulfate and alkaloid reagents. - Most enzymes are present in cells at much higher concentrations than in plasma. - Normal plasma levels reflect the balance between the synthesis and re ...
... - All enzymes are protein in nature; they are water soluble, precipitated by usual reagents like alcohols, ammonium sulfate and alkaloid reagents. - Most enzymes are present in cells at much higher concentrations than in plasma. - Normal plasma levels reflect the balance between the synthesis and re ...
VCE Biology TSFX REVISION LECTURE UNIT 3 Part 1
... Consists of a phosphate group (hydrophillic) and 2 fatty acid tails (hydrophobic). Within a membrane, the phosphate faces aqueous areas both inside cell (cytosol) and outside cell (extracellular fluid). The fatty acid tails are buried in the middle. The hydrophobic nature of the tails ensure that on ...
... Consists of a phosphate group (hydrophillic) and 2 fatty acid tails (hydrophobic). Within a membrane, the phosphate faces aqueous areas both inside cell (cytosol) and outside cell (extracellular fluid). The fatty acid tails are buried in the middle. The hydrophobic nature of the tails ensure that on ...
L-Methylfolate: A Vitamin for Your Monoamines
... • Eating disorders • Pregnancy • Gastrointestinal disorders • Documented low levels of MTHFR (methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase) or being from a group (Hispanic and Mediterranean populations) at high risk for decreased levels of this enzyme • Documented high homocysteine levels, which tend to ris ...
... • Eating disorders • Pregnancy • Gastrointestinal disorders • Documented low levels of MTHFR (methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase) or being from a group (Hispanic and Mediterranean populations) at high risk for decreased levels of this enzyme • Documented high homocysteine levels, which tend to ris ...
Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis.) One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized ""on demand"" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.