Introduction to Carbohydrates
... • The catabolism of the amino acids found in proteins involves the removal of α-amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the resulting carbon skeletons. • These pathways converge to form seven intermediate products: oxaloacetate, αketoglutarate, pyruvate, fumarate, succinyl coenzyme A (CoA), acety ...
... • The catabolism of the amino acids found in proteins involves the removal of α-amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the resulting carbon skeletons. • These pathways converge to form seven intermediate products: oxaloacetate, αketoglutarate, pyruvate, fumarate, succinyl coenzyme A (CoA), acety ...
Bioactivity and Cellular Effects of Phytochemicals
... • Sorghum provides significant quantities of energy, protein, minerals and phytochemicals to the human diet • Water and labour-intensive pre-processing required to make nutrients available for human organism – germination, soaking, boiling & fermentation ...
... • Sorghum provides significant quantities of energy, protein, minerals and phytochemicals to the human diet • Water and labour-intensive pre-processing required to make nutrients available for human organism – germination, soaking, boiling & fermentation ...
Respiratio
... diphosphate. In cleavage it is converted or splitted into two triose phosphates 3- Phosphogly ceraldehyde (PGAL) and dihydroxy acetone phosphate (DHAP). As they are isomers, there forms 2 molecules of PGAL. In this phase 2 ATP are used. B) Oxidative and payoff phase (steps 6-10) In this phase oxida ...
... diphosphate. In cleavage it is converted or splitted into two triose phosphates 3- Phosphogly ceraldehyde (PGAL) and dihydroxy acetone phosphate (DHAP). As they are isomers, there forms 2 molecules of PGAL. In this phase 2 ATP are used. B) Oxidative and payoff phase (steps 6-10) In this phase oxida ...
chapter9_powerpoint
... • Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
... • Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
lec33_F2015
... ii) Pyruvate can be converted to alanine in a one-step transaminase reaction. iii) Pyruvate can be used to make oxaloacetate, to replace the carbons that are removed from the citric acid cycle by anabolic processes (this reaction is the first step in gluconeogenesis). Cooperation between muscle and ...
... ii) Pyruvate can be converted to alanine in a one-step transaminase reaction. iii) Pyruvate can be used to make oxaloacetate, to replace the carbons that are removed from the citric acid cycle by anabolic processes (this reaction is the first step in gluconeogenesis). Cooperation between muscle and ...
Chapter 12 (part 1) - University of Nevada, Reno
... • Only step in TCA cycle that involves the formation of a C-C bond ...
... • Only step in TCA cycle that involves the formation of a C-C bond ...
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF WHEATGRASS ON ALCOHOL AND ∆PUFA INDUCED LIVER
... cholesterol resulting in hypercholesterolemia. Various studies have shown that oil rich in PUFA, increases the circulating cholesterol [27, 28]. These reports are in agreement with our finding that cholesterol levels were increased in alcohol and ΔPUFA treated rats (fig. 5). This may be related with ...
... cholesterol resulting in hypercholesterolemia. Various studies have shown that oil rich in PUFA, increases the circulating cholesterol [27, 28]. These reports are in agreement with our finding that cholesterol levels were increased in alcohol and ΔPUFA treated rats (fig. 5). This may be related with ...
Equilibrium Notes - Chemistry Teaching Resources
... The colour change from 20°C to 0°C shows that more N 2 O 4 is formed at 0°C and therefore [N 2 O 4 ] increases and [NO 2 ] decreases. This leads to a fall in the value of K. Similarly, the colour change from 20°C to 80°C shows that more NO 2 is formed at 80°C and therefore [NO 2 ] increases and [N 2 ...
... The colour change from 20°C to 0°C shows that more N 2 O 4 is formed at 0°C and therefore [N 2 O 4 ] increases and [NO 2 ] decreases. This leads to a fall in the value of K. Similarly, the colour change from 20°C to 80°C shows that more NO 2 is formed at 80°C and therefore [NO 2 ] increases and [N 2 ...
Module 2. Drug substances of aromatic structure
... method of acidimetry, non-aqueous direct titration? A. Any B. Methyl orange C. Phenolphthalein D. Phenol red solution E. *Naphtholbenzein solution 38. What pharmacopoeial method of assay for salicylic acid? A. Acidimetry, non-aqueous back titration B. Argentometry C. Acidimetry, non-aqueous direct t ...
... method of acidimetry, non-aqueous direct titration? A. Any B. Methyl orange C. Phenolphthalein D. Phenol red solution E. *Naphtholbenzein solution 38. What pharmacopoeial method of assay for salicylic acid? A. Acidimetry, non-aqueous back titration B. Argentometry C. Acidimetry, non-aqueous direct t ...
Seminario Glúcidos 3 y lípidos 1. Comente los mecanismos de
... Schneider, and Pallade (5, 6) was used for the preparation of the particulate fractions of rat liver. Normal adult albino rats of Sprague-Dawley stock were used throughout this study. The animals were killed by decapitation and exsanguinated. The livers were quickly removed and chilled in cracked ic ...
... Schneider, and Pallade (5, 6) was used for the preparation of the particulate fractions of rat liver. Normal adult albino rats of Sprague-Dawley stock were used throughout this study. The animals were killed by decapitation and exsanguinated. The livers were quickly removed and chilled in cracked ic ...
COLOUR REACTIONS IN CHROMATOGRAPHY Fifteen location
... University Hospital, Medical Department, (Received ...
... University Hospital, Medical Department, (Received ...
c) acidic amino acids
... sulhydryl group can be used to reduce peroxides formed during oxygen transport. Glutathione plays a key role in detoxification by acting with hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxide. Glutathion peroxidase catalyzes this reaction, in which GSH converts to GSSG. Then GSSG is reduced to GSH by glutathio ...
... sulhydryl group can be used to reduce peroxides formed during oxygen transport. Glutathione plays a key role in detoxification by acting with hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxide. Glutathion peroxidase catalyzes this reaction, in which GSH converts to GSSG. Then GSSG is reduced to GSH by glutathio ...
Transport and Utilization of Lipids in Insect Flight
... muscle cell, fatty acids must cross the sarcolemma before they can enter the cytosol. Traditionally, it has been assumed that the hydrophobic fatty acids can freely diffuse through cell membranes; however, their carboxyl-group is fully ionic at physiological pH values (,pH 7), and this may limit the ...
... muscle cell, fatty acids must cross the sarcolemma before they can enter the cytosol. Traditionally, it has been assumed that the hydrophobic fatty acids can freely diffuse through cell membranes; however, their carboxyl-group is fully ionic at physiological pH values (,pH 7), and this may limit the ...
Unsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor
... Abstract—In vivo studies have demonstrated a strong positive correlation between plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity levels. Furthermore, VLDL has been shown to induce PAI-1 secretion from cultured endothelial cells. I ...
... Abstract—In vivo studies have demonstrated a strong positive correlation between plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity levels. Furthermore, VLDL has been shown to induce PAI-1 secretion from cultured endothelial cells. I ...
PDF - Agricultural Journals
... ACP, form the fatty-acid synthase I (FAS I) complex (EC 2.3.1.85) (KEGG). The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) FAS I (EC 2.3.1.86) is a multi-functional protein having two non-identical subunits (α and β). ACP is associated with the α-subunit that additionally sustains 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase (EC 2.3 ...
... ACP, form the fatty-acid synthase I (FAS I) complex (EC 2.3.1.85) (KEGG). The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) FAS I (EC 2.3.1.86) is a multi-functional protein having two non-identical subunits (α and β). ACP is associated with the α-subunit that additionally sustains 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase (EC 2.3 ...
Vitamin `C
... All living organisms use thiamine in their biochemistry, but it is synthesized only in bacteria,fungi, and plants. Animals must obtain it from their diet, and thus, for them, it is an essential nutrient. ...
... All living organisms use thiamine in their biochemistry, but it is synthesized only in bacteria,fungi, and plants. Animals must obtain it from their diet, and thus, for them, it is an essential nutrient. ...
Isolation of All Soluble Tryptic Peptides from the α Polypeptide
... in this way, paper chromatography with ninhydrin color reaction was carried out. The result is given in Fig. 4, together with the results from special amino acid color reactions. Some could be purely isolated only by the column chromatography but some fractions contained more than two ninhydrin-posi ...
... in this way, paper chromatography with ninhydrin color reaction was carried out. The result is given in Fig. 4, together with the results from special amino acid color reactions. Some could be purely isolated only by the column chromatography but some fractions contained more than two ninhydrin-posi ...
The Minimal Nutritional Requirements of Organisms
... strains of pertussis were examined for their minimal nutritional requirements in defined media. All strains showed an absolute requirement for nicotinic acid and no other vitamin was required for growth. Amino acids were essential for parapertussis and pertussis, but bronchiseptica would grow in eit ...
... strains of pertussis were examined for their minimal nutritional requirements in defined media. All strains showed an absolute requirement for nicotinic acid and no other vitamin was required for growth. Amino acids were essential for parapertussis and pertussis, but bronchiseptica would grow in eit ...
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Entry of Pyruvate into
... • Stage II of catabolism involves the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylCoA • In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final stage of catabolism when acetyl CoA is completely oxidized to CO2. • Also called Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. • It is a ...
... • Stage II of catabolism involves the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylCoA • In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final stage of catabolism when acetyl CoA is completely oxidized to CO2. • Also called Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. • It is a ...
Insulin-Containing Amino Acids and Oligopeptides/β
... two main chains connected by two S-S bonds. The amino acid distribution is: six of L-Cys and L-Leu, four of Gly, L-Val, L-Glu, L-Tyr, three of L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Phe, two of L-Ile and L-His, and one of L-Ala, L-Lys, L-Arg, and L-Pro. The main insulin chains have α-helix configurations and ...
... two main chains connected by two S-S bonds. The amino acid distribution is: six of L-Cys and L-Leu, four of Gly, L-Val, L-Glu, L-Tyr, three of L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Ser, L-Thr, L-Phe, two of L-Ile and L-His, and one of L-Ala, L-Lys, L-Arg, and L-Pro. The main insulin chains have α-helix configurations and ...
Genetic Disorders of Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Fatty Acid
... Most tissues are able to degrade fatty acids to carbon dioxide and water, but in addition, some organs—notably the liver—have the capacity to convert the acetyl-CoA units produced during |3 oxidation into the ketone bodies acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. These are important fuels for certain org ...
... Most tissues are able to degrade fatty acids to carbon dioxide and water, but in addition, some organs—notably the liver—have the capacity to convert the acetyl-CoA units produced during |3 oxidation into the ketone bodies acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. These are important fuels for certain org ...
Unusual Behavior of Natural Polyphosphates during IMAC
... with the same buffer. Unadsorbed material was washed out with the same buffer and phytic acid was then eluted with 0.02M phosphate pH 7.5. Preparation of Casein Hydrolyzate: Casein (10 g per 100 ml water) was hydrolyzed with 2% of pancreatin calculated per casein dry matter at pH 8.5, 50°C for 2 hou ...
... with the same buffer. Unadsorbed material was washed out with the same buffer and phytic acid was then eluted with 0.02M phosphate pH 7.5. Preparation of Casein Hydrolyzate: Casein (10 g per 100 ml water) was hydrolyzed with 2% of pancreatin calculated per casein dry matter at pH 8.5, 50°C for 2 hou ...
Amino acid sequence of PR-39
... Purified PR-39 was assayed for antibacterial activity against six Gram-negative and four Gram-positive strains of bacteria. Table 3 shows that lethal concentrations of 0.3 pM were obtained, both with E. coli K12 and a pig pathogenic strain of the same bacterium. This is also the activity previously ...
... Purified PR-39 was assayed for antibacterial activity against six Gram-negative and four Gram-positive strains of bacteria. Table 3 shows that lethal concentrations of 0.3 pM were obtained, both with E. coli K12 and a pig pathogenic strain of the same bacterium. This is also the activity previously ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.