Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 12 Notes
... Succinate dehydrogenase- uses FAD and generates FADH2. This enzyme is not in matrix but in inner mitochondrial membrane and hands FADH2 directly to the electron transport ...
... Succinate dehydrogenase- uses FAD and generates FADH2. This enzyme is not in matrix but in inner mitochondrial membrane and hands FADH2 directly to the electron transport ...
Buffers and its uses.
... acid or an alkali are added to it. An acidic buffer solution is simply one which has a pH less than 7. Acidic buffer solutions are commonly made from a weak acid and one of its salts - often a sodium salt. An alkaline buffer solution has a pH greater than 7. Alkaline buffer solutions are commonl ...
... acid or an alkali are added to it. An acidic buffer solution is simply one which has a pH less than 7. Acidic buffer solutions are commonly made from a weak acid and one of its salts - often a sodium salt. An alkaline buffer solution has a pH greater than 7. Alkaline buffer solutions are commonl ...
Using pyruvic acid as a solvent for dynamic nuclear
... free radical to achieve uniform distribution. Some molecules, like neat pyruvic acid, are amorphous solids without the addition of solvents, while others bio-molecules of interest such as amino acids require solvents to act as glassing agents. Organic solvents such as glycerol, DMSO and DMA have bee ...
... free radical to achieve uniform distribution. Some molecules, like neat pyruvic acid, are amorphous solids without the addition of solvents, while others bio-molecules of interest such as amino acids require solvents to act as glassing agents. Organic solvents such as glycerol, DMSO and DMA have bee ...
LB Fat metabolism A
... liver: via the enzyme Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Thus, unlike carbohydrates and protein, most lipids do not use the enterohepatic circulatory system. This allows lipids to be cleared by the whole body and avoids overwhelming the liver with lipid. ...
... liver: via the enzyme Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Thus, unlike carbohydrates and protein, most lipids do not use the enterohepatic circulatory system. This allows lipids to be cleared by the whole body and avoids overwhelming the liver with lipid. ...
Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle
... acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm; in eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. The Krebs Cycle is the source for the precursors of many molecules, so it is an amphibolic pathway (meaning it is both anabolic and catabolic). ...
... acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm; in eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. The Krebs Cycle is the source for the precursors of many molecules, so it is an amphibolic pathway (meaning it is both anabolic and catabolic). ...
Q#1,2,5-8 pg. 194
... environment that has very little oxygen or air movement. Each industry establishes its own series of steps to set up various processes but in general the environments are extremely clean, they are monitored constantly, and the bacteria are cultured in a way that prevents the strain that is being use ...
... environment that has very little oxygen or air movement. Each industry establishes its own series of steps to set up various processes but in general the environments are extremely clean, they are monitored constantly, and the bacteria are cultured in a way that prevents the strain that is being use ...
Chapter 16.3: Anaerobic Respiration
... Lactic acid fermentation • Mammalian muscle and some microorganisms • Pyruvate acts as hydrogen acceptor and is converted into lactate by enzyme lactate dehydrogenase – NAD is released to allow glycolysis to continue ...
... Lactic acid fermentation • Mammalian muscle and some microorganisms • Pyruvate acts as hydrogen acceptor and is converted into lactate by enzyme lactate dehydrogenase – NAD is released to allow glycolysis to continue ...
05 Fermentations 2008
... 1) Simple metabolism → fast degradation 2) Amino acids are not synthesized but taken up from the medium → faster growth 3) Strains are existing on substrate (e.g. milk, vegetables) 4) O2 tolerance of strains 5) Production of inhibitory acid (ph <5) Examples: Milk, whole meal flour, vegetables, ...
... 1) Simple metabolism → fast degradation 2) Amino acids are not synthesized but taken up from the medium → faster growth 3) Strains are existing on substrate (e.g. milk, vegetables) 4) O2 tolerance of strains 5) Production of inhibitory acid (ph <5) Examples: Milk, whole meal flour, vegetables, ...
Study Outline
... The Generation of ATP (pp. 120–121) 6. Energy released during certain metabolic reactions can be trapped to form ATP from ADP and P i (phosphate). Addition of a P i to a molecule is called phosphorylation. 7. During substrate-level phosphorylation, a high-energy P from an intermediate in catabolism ...
... The Generation of ATP (pp. 120–121) 6. Energy released during certain metabolic reactions can be trapped to form ATP from ADP and P i (phosphate). Addition of a P i to a molecule is called phosphorylation. 7. During substrate-level phosphorylation, a high-energy P from an intermediate in catabolism ...
File
... prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP before oxygen was present • Earliest fossil bacteria present 3.5 billion years ago but large amounts of oxygen not present until 2.7 billion years ago • Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm without membrane bound organelles suggests it was found in early p ...
... prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP before oxygen was present • Earliest fossil bacteria present 3.5 billion years ago but large amounts of oxygen not present until 2.7 billion years ago • Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm without membrane bound organelles suggests it was found in early p ...
4.2.1 Amino acids booklet 2013
... Optical isomers exist when there is a chiral (Greek for handedness) carbon atom; one with four different groups/atoms attached to it: the carbon atom is said to be asymmetrically substituted. Two different forms of the molecule are possible. They are called enantiomers, some books call them + and -, ...
... Optical isomers exist when there is a chiral (Greek for handedness) carbon atom; one with four different groups/atoms attached to it: the carbon atom is said to be asymmetrically substituted. Two different forms of the molecule are possible. They are called enantiomers, some books call them + and -, ...
Chapter 9_ objectives
... In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. ...
... In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. ...
Chapter 23 - Evangel University
... Essential Amino Acids • The biosynthesis of proteins requires the presence of all the constituent amino acids • Some species, including humans, cannot produce all of the amino acids and they must come from ____________ and are called essential amino acids ...
... Essential Amino Acids • The biosynthesis of proteins requires the presence of all the constituent amino acids • Some species, including humans, cannot produce all of the amino acids and they must come from ____________ and are called essential amino acids ...
Secondary Products
... Certain phenolics (furanocoumarins) are phototoxic - not toxic till activated by sunlight (near UV-A) Activated furanocoumarins can insert into DNA and bind to pyrimidine bases - blocks transcription and leads to cell ...
... Certain phenolics (furanocoumarins) are phototoxic - not toxic till activated by sunlight (near UV-A) Activated furanocoumarins can insert into DNA and bind to pyrimidine bases - blocks transcription and leads to cell ...
U4L21 fuel oxidation - The University of Sydney
... • FA needs to be transported from blood into tissues • FA is carried in blood on albumin – Several binding sites for FA ...
... • FA needs to be transported from blood into tissues • FA is carried in blood on albumin – Several binding sites for FA ...
notes powerpoint
... NADP+ and NADPH- carrier molecules that carry high energy electrons for reactions in the ...
... NADP+ and NADPH- carrier molecules that carry high energy electrons for reactions in the ...
Acids
... The body will neutralise (return to its natural state) the pH level of its muscle cells in two ways – by removing lactic acid, or more accurately lactate, or preventing the build up of it in the first place. Lactate is removed from the local muscle cells, either by being dispersed by the blood to le ...
... The body will neutralise (return to its natural state) the pH level of its muscle cells in two ways – by removing lactic acid, or more accurately lactate, or preventing the build up of it in the first place. Lactate is removed from the local muscle cells, either by being dispersed by the blood to le ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... hepatocytes is converted to urea in the urea cycle. This pathway was discovered by Hans Krebs (citric acid cycle) and Kurt Henseleit. Urea production occurs almost exclusively in the liver and ...
... hepatocytes is converted to urea in the urea cycle. This pathway was discovered by Hans Krebs (citric acid cycle) and Kurt Henseleit. Urea production occurs almost exclusively in the liver and ...
C454_lect9 - chem.uwec.edu - University of Wisconsin
... Acetoacetate is first activated to acetoacetate by transferring the CoASH from succinyl–CoA. It is then split into two Acetyl–CoA by a thiolase reaction ...
... Acetoacetate is first activated to acetoacetate by transferring the CoASH from succinyl–CoA. It is then split into two Acetyl–CoA by a thiolase reaction ...
Amino acids catabolism
... • Protein deficiency will lead to the disease kwashiorkor; severe in growing children, not simply starvation but the breakdown of the body’s own protein ...
... • Protein deficiency will lead to the disease kwashiorkor; severe in growing children, not simply starvation but the breakdown of the body’s own protein ...
Lecture 17/18 - Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism
... 7.) How is the energy yield from the CAC used to produce more ATP? 8.) Where in the cell does the electron transport chain occur? Are the NADH and FADH2 being oxidized or reduced during the ETC? 9.) What is the relationship between electron movement, energy release, and proton movement in the ETC? 1 ...
... 7.) How is the energy yield from the CAC used to produce more ATP? 8.) Where in the cell does the electron transport chain occur? Are the NADH and FADH2 being oxidized or reduced during the ETC? 9.) What is the relationship between electron movement, energy release, and proton movement in the ETC? 1 ...
Cockayne syndrome
... hence, a clone. (Lippincott page 404) o cDNA libraries – complementary DNA libraries are made by reverse transcribing (making DNA from RNA) all of the mRNA in a cell. The DNA copies are replicas of mRNA without introns. These can be used as probes, primers, or many other uses. o PCR-see page 146-bio ...
... hence, a clone. (Lippincott page 404) o cDNA libraries – complementary DNA libraries are made by reverse transcribing (making DNA from RNA) all of the mRNA in a cell. The DNA copies are replicas of mRNA without introns. These can be used as probes, primers, or many other uses. o PCR-see page 146-bio ...
Student Activity DOC - TI Education
... Open the TI-Nspire document Interactive_pH_Titation.tns. What are the features of a pH titration curve? In this activity you will be able to interact with a weak acid-strong base titration curve. You will vary the acid ionization constant, the initial concentration of the weak acid, and the initial ...
... Open the TI-Nspire document Interactive_pH_Titation.tns. What are the features of a pH titration curve? In this activity you will be able to interact with a weak acid-strong base titration curve. You will vary the acid ionization constant, the initial concentration of the weak acid, and the initial ...
organic macromolecules webquest
... these questions: http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP13104 1. What elements are carbohydrates generally composed of? 2. What is the type of sugar found in fruit called? 3. What is the common name for sucrose? 4. Polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen. These long, ...
... these questions: http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP13104 1. What elements are carbohydrates generally composed of? 2. What is the type of sugar found in fruit called? 3. What is the common name for sucrose? 4. Polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen. These long, ...
Macro-molecules short 2014
... Amino acids have an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end with various atoms in between The joins are formed by joining the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl group on another = protein synthesis ...
... Amino acids have an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end with various atoms in between The joins are formed by joining the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl group on another = protein synthesis ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.