Discussion Problem Set 1. C483 Spring 2014
... Problems from lectures 4 and 5 1/22/14, and 1/24/14 1. What are the categories of amino acids? Which amino acids may be thought of in more than one category? Explain. 2. Which two amino acids are helix-breaking? Why? 3. Draw a titration curve for alanine. Indicate in your diagram all relevant pKa’s ...
... Problems from lectures 4 and 5 1/22/14, and 1/24/14 1. What are the categories of amino acids? Which amino acids may be thought of in more than one category? Explain. 2. Which two amino acids are helix-breaking? Why? 3. Draw a titration curve for alanine. Indicate in your diagram all relevant pKa’s ...
Examples from metabolism of xenobiotics
... 1) utilizable substances can enter the body´s intermediary metabolism (e.g. ethanol → energy) 2) unutilizable substances are transformed to more water soluble products and excreted with the urine (small molecules: to Mr ∼ 300) bile → stool (larger molecules) ...
... 1) utilizable substances can enter the body´s intermediary metabolism (e.g. ethanol → energy) 2) unutilizable substances are transformed to more water soluble products and excreted with the urine (small molecules: to Mr ∼ 300) bile → stool (larger molecules) ...
Chapter 5
... Dehydration reaction - a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through loss of a water molecule (Fig 5.2) Hydrolysis - a reaction in which polymers are disassembled. The reverse of a dehydration reaction Carbohydrates Monosaccharide - single sugar (Fig 5.3 & 5.4) Disacc ...
... Dehydration reaction - a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through loss of a water molecule (Fig 5.2) Hydrolysis - a reaction in which polymers are disassembled. The reverse of a dehydration reaction Carbohydrates Monosaccharide - single sugar (Fig 5.3 & 5.4) Disacc ...
Chapter 16
... 14. Succinate dehydrogenase is the only membrane-bound citric acid enzyme since the covalently bound FADH2 is only oxidized by the electron transport chain reaction. 15. Although the oxaloacetate formation form L-malate is relatively high endergonic reaction, this reaction occurs, because: 1. The [o ...
... 14. Succinate dehydrogenase is the only membrane-bound citric acid enzyme since the covalently bound FADH2 is only oxidized by the electron transport chain reaction. 15. Although the oxaloacetate formation form L-malate is relatively high endergonic reaction, this reaction occurs, because: 1. The [o ...
the code of translation
... 2. The tRNA with the anticodon that complements the first codon on the mRNA binds to the first site on the ribosome. 3. Another tRNA with the anticodon that complements the second codon on the mRNA binds to the second site on the ribosome. ...
... 2. The tRNA with the anticodon that complements the first codon on the mRNA binds to the first site on the ribosome. 3. Another tRNA with the anticodon that complements the second codon on the mRNA binds to the second site on the ribosome. ...
Cellular respiration
... • Triglycerides are stored in body’s adipocytes • constant turnover of lipid molecules every 2 - 3 weeks • released into blood, transported and either oxidized or redeposited in other fat cells ...
... • Triglycerides are stored in body’s adipocytes • constant turnover of lipid molecules every 2 - 3 weeks • released into blood, transported and either oxidized or redeposited in other fat cells ...
B-Metabolism of Sulphur containing amino acids
... - Methionine, cysteine and cystine are the principal sources of sulphur in the body. - Demethylation of methionine produces homocysteine which may be remethylated to form methionine again. - Cystine is reversibly convertible to cysteine and homocystine to homocysteine by oxidation- reduction. - Bot ...
... - Methionine, cysteine and cystine are the principal sources of sulphur in the body. - Demethylation of methionine produces homocysteine which may be remethylated to form methionine again. - Cystine is reversibly convertible to cysteine and homocystine to homocysteine by oxidation- reduction. - Bot ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... biosynthesis and breakdown 1. Intermediates in synthesis are linked to -SH groups of acyl carrier proteins (as compared to -SH groups of CoA) 2. Synthesis in cytosol; breakdown in mitochondria 3. Enzymes of synthesis are one polypeptide (fatty acid synthase) in animals (bacteria and plants ...
... biosynthesis and breakdown 1. Intermediates in synthesis are linked to -SH groups of acyl carrier proteins (as compared to -SH groups of CoA) 2. Synthesis in cytosol; breakdown in mitochondria 3. Enzymes of synthesis are one polypeptide (fatty acid synthase) in animals (bacteria and plants ...
Lesson 2 & 3 - Kinver High School
... pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) promoted by enzymes of the citric acid cycle, or fatty acids (from body fat) facilitated by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase or protein (keto acids - from muscle) act as the fuel for this stage STAGE THREE - ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN – 34 ATP occurs in the presence of oxyg ...
... pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) promoted by enzymes of the citric acid cycle, or fatty acids (from body fat) facilitated by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase or protein (keto acids - from muscle) act as the fuel for this stage STAGE THREE - ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN – 34 ATP occurs in the presence of oxyg ...
Chemistry SL HL Assessment Statements 2009 Revised
... Include energy source (glucose), energy reserves (glycogen) and precursors for other biologically important molecules. ...
... Include energy source (glucose), energy reserves (glycogen) and precursors for other biologically important molecules. ...
18 Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA to Krebs Cycle A/P
... Pyruvate is one of most important intermediate forms of the breakdown of high energy macromolecules (such as sugar, lipid, and protein). Pyruvate can be converted to lactic acid in bacteria and man when oxygen is in short supply or not available. The build up of lactic acid causes some interesting e ...
... Pyruvate is one of most important intermediate forms of the breakdown of high energy macromolecules (such as sugar, lipid, and protein). Pyruvate can be converted to lactic acid in bacteria and man when oxygen is in short supply or not available. The build up of lactic acid causes some interesting e ...
Physical properties of amino acids: Chemical properties of amino
... Physical properties of amino acids: Colorless, crystals, soluble in water, insoluble in ether. All amino acids( except glycine) are optically active. Amphoteric (react as acidic and basic), (NH2 and COOH group). ...
... Physical properties of amino acids: Colorless, crystals, soluble in water, insoluble in ether. All amino acids( except glycine) are optically active. Amphoteric (react as acidic and basic), (NH2 and COOH group). ...
Esercizi di ricapitolazione
... A) An alpha hydrogen is abstracted by the base to form an enolate anion. B) A nucleophilic base attacks the carbonyl carbon atom. C) The carbonyl oxygen is protonated by the base ion. D) The alpha hydrogen is abstracted by an acid to the enolate anion. E) The carbonyl oxygen of one aldehyde attacks ...
... A) An alpha hydrogen is abstracted by the base to form an enolate anion. B) A nucleophilic base attacks the carbonyl carbon atom. C) The carbonyl oxygen is protonated by the base ion. D) The alpha hydrogen is abstracted by an acid to the enolate anion. E) The carbonyl oxygen of one aldehyde attacks ...
Phar 722 Pharmacy Practice III
... – Barlow's Disease - scurvy in infants. • It resembles adult scurvy except that infants don't have any teeth to lose. • It was common in during the late-Victorian periods and affluent London and New York mothers bottle-fed their infants. The product was acceptable except for its lack of Vitamin C. – ...
... – Barlow's Disease - scurvy in infants. • It resembles adult scurvy except that infants don't have any teeth to lose. • It was common in during the late-Victorian periods and affluent London and New York mothers bottle-fed their infants. The product was acceptable except for its lack of Vitamin C. – ...
Production of L-4-phenyl-2-aminobutanoic acid by transamination
... process. 5. The technology is general because transaminases with varying selectivities are available, e.g. aromatic amino acid transaminases, branched chain amino acid transaminases, transaminases speci?c for amino acids having acidic side chains, etc. Such transaminases can be prepared, for example ...
... process. 5. The technology is general because transaminases with varying selectivities are available, e.g. aromatic amino acid transaminases, branched chain amino acid transaminases, transaminases speci?c for amino acids having acidic side chains, etc. Such transaminases can be prepared, for example ...
Catabolism
... Anaerobic respiration using molecules other than oxygen as exogenous electron acceptors yields large amount of energy, primarily by electron transport activity ...
... Anaerobic respiration using molecules other than oxygen as exogenous electron acceptors yields large amount of energy, primarily by electron transport activity ...
File - Pedersen Science
... 18. About how many ATP are made from one glucose molecule during the process of cellular respiration? 19. What three reasons are given to explain the inexact amount of ATP produced? Concept 9.5: During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis 20. Compare t ...
... 18. About how many ATP are made from one glucose molecule during the process of cellular respiration? 19. What three reasons are given to explain the inexact amount of ATP produced? Concept 9.5: During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis 20. Compare t ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... the results if the concentration of the enzyme was doubled. Explain results. • Identify TWO environmental factors that can change the rate of enzyme-mediated reactions. Discuss how each of those two factors would affect the reaction rate of an enzyme. ...
... the results if the concentration of the enzyme was doubled. Explain results. • Identify TWO environmental factors that can change the rate of enzyme-mediated reactions. Discuss how each of those two factors would affect the reaction rate of an enzyme. ...
Cellular Respiration - Cathkin High School
... inner membranes of the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 release the high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they pass along the chain, releasing energy. The energy is used to pump H ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The return flow of H ions rotates part of the memb ...
... inner membranes of the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 release the high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they pass along the chain, releasing energy. The energy is used to pump H ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The return flow of H ions rotates part of the memb ...
Amino acid lecture(5) by Prof.Dr.Moaed Al
... and ketogenic, - phenylalanine and tyrosine give fumarate and acetoacetate, - tryptophan gives alanine and acetoacetyl-CoA Phenylalanine and tyrosine Hydroxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine is catalyzed by a monooxygenase – phenylalanine hydroxylase, for which the ...
... and ketogenic, - phenylalanine and tyrosine give fumarate and acetoacetate, - tryptophan gives alanine and acetoacetyl-CoA Phenylalanine and tyrosine Hydroxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine is catalyzed by a monooxygenase – phenylalanine hydroxylase, for which the ...
Carbonyl group is a functional group of (Aldehyde, Ketone)
... compounds of human body, here is some of them:①-Monosaccharides: Monosaccharide's are carbohydrates which can not be hydrolyzed to small molecules, contain carbons with functional aldehyde or keto group are present in nature. Aldohexose is glucose, Fructose is ketohexose respectively. Glucose is pre ...
... compounds of human body, here is some of them:①-Monosaccharides: Monosaccharide's are carbohydrates which can not be hydrolyzed to small molecules, contain carbons with functional aldehyde or keto group are present in nature. Aldohexose is glucose, Fructose is ketohexose respectively. Glucose is pre ...
Chapter 17 Fatty Acid Catabolism
... (about 17 kJ/g). Second, lipid is stored as anhydrous lipid droplets, but carbohydrates such as glycogen and starch are stored hydrated, and the water of hydration roughly triples the effective weight of the carbohydrate, reducing the energy yield to about 6 kJ/g. 16. Digestion, mobilization, and tr ...
... (about 17 kJ/g). Second, lipid is stored as anhydrous lipid droplets, but carbohydrates such as glycogen and starch are stored hydrated, and the water of hydration roughly triples the effective weight of the carbohydrate, reducing the energy yield to about 6 kJ/g. 16. Digestion, mobilization, and tr ...
study guide 009
... 4. Explain how ATP is recycled in cells. 5. What is a redox reaction? Define oxidation and reduction. 6. What is the name and function of the electron donor and the electron acceptor? 7. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. 8. Explain why organic molecules that have an abund ...
... 4. Explain how ATP is recycled in cells. 5. What is a redox reaction? Define oxidation and reduction. 6. What is the name and function of the electron donor and the electron acceptor? 7. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. 8. Explain why organic molecules that have an abund ...
Name
... process that allows glycolysis to continue, but does not produce ATP on its own. The main function of fermentation is to remove electrons from molecules of NADH, the energy-carrier produced by glycolysis, to form NAD+. The molecules of NAD+ are recycled to glycolysis, which can continue to produce a ...
... process that allows glycolysis to continue, but does not produce ATP on its own. The main function of fermentation is to remove electrons from molecules of NADH, the energy-carrier produced by glycolysis, to form NAD+. The molecules of NAD+ are recycled to glycolysis, which can continue to produce a ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.