Epidermal Lipids and Formation of the Barrier of the Skin
... to water loss. The barrier function of the stratum corneum depends upon a unique mixture of lipids that form lamellar structures in the intercellular spaces.2–5 This generally consists of ceramides, cholesterol, and long chain fatty acids. In human epidermis, the lipid end products of differentiatio ...
... to water loss. The barrier function of the stratum corneum depends upon a unique mixture of lipids that form lamellar structures in the intercellular spaces.2–5 This generally consists of ceramides, cholesterol, and long chain fatty acids. In human epidermis, the lipid end products of differentiatio ...
1. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. In the small intestine, it is
... The diagram shows the events that occur in the absorption of monoglycerides and fatty acids. These molecules enter the epithelial cells of the small intestine by diffusion. Once inside they are reassembled into triglycerides in organelle Q. The triglyceride molecules are formed into chylomicrons in ...
... The diagram shows the events that occur in the absorption of monoglycerides and fatty acids. These molecules enter the epithelial cells of the small intestine by diffusion. Once inside they are reassembled into triglycerides in organelle Q. The triglyceride molecules are formed into chylomicrons in ...
Chapter 26
... – seems to have a stable, homeostatic set point • varies from person to person • combination of heredity and environmental influences – 30% to 50% hereditary – rest environmental factors such as eating and exercise habits ...
... – seems to have a stable, homeostatic set point • varies from person to person • combination of heredity and environmental influences – 30% to 50% hereditary – rest environmental factors such as eating and exercise habits ...
Metabolism of amino acid
... Deficiency in an enzyme, branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase leads to an accumulation of three branchedchain amino acids and their corresponding branched-chain α-keto acids which are excreted in the urine. There is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids. Mental retardation in t ...
... Deficiency in an enzyme, branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase leads to an accumulation of three branchedchain amino acids and their corresponding branched-chain α-keto acids which are excreted in the urine. There is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids. Mental retardation in t ...
Acids - Beck-Shop
... 1 The solid is first weighed accurately. 2 The solid is dissolved in a beaker using less distilled water than will be needed to fill the volumetric flask to the mark. 3 This solution is transferred to a volumetric flask. The last traces of the solution are rinsed into the flask with distilled wat ...
... 1 The solid is first weighed accurately. 2 The solid is dissolved in a beaker using less distilled water than will be needed to fill the volumetric flask to the mark. 3 This solution is transferred to a volumetric flask. The last traces of the solution are rinsed into the flask with distilled wat ...
9/5/08 Transcript I
... The problem is most people get distracted by the intermediates of the urea cycle and they get all mad. Many of the intermediates and the enzymes in the urea cycle I’m not even going to talk about, I’ll just point at and say that these are things. Urea is a symmetrical molecule. It is going to ...
... The problem is most people get distracted by the intermediates of the urea cycle and they get all mad. Many of the intermediates and the enzymes in the urea cycle I’m not even going to talk about, I’ll just point at and say that these are things. Urea is a symmetrical molecule. It is going to ...
lec32_F2015
... hydrolysis of ATP to AMP, i.e. the N-2 carbons equivalent of two (shrinking chain) high energy ATP molecules (60 kJ/mol). The released pyrophosphate is hydrolyzed to inorganic phosphate, making the overall ΔG negative for the reaction (indirect coupling). Note: it is only necessary to utilize ATP on ...
... hydrolysis of ATP to AMP, i.e. the N-2 carbons equivalent of two (shrinking chain) high energy ATP molecules (60 kJ/mol). The released pyrophosphate is hydrolyzed to inorganic phosphate, making the overall ΔG negative for the reaction (indirect coupling). Note: it is only necessary to utilize ATP on ...
(c) (±)-lactic acid
... lines. All the bonds are shown by the lines of normal thickness but it should always be remembered that horizontal lines are directed towards the viewer and the vertical lines are directed away, as in the rightmost formula in Fig. 10.4. A stereoisomer with a functional group at the chiral centre (as ...
... lines. All the bonds are shown by the lines of normal thickness but it should always be remembered that horizontal lines are directed towards the viewer and the vertical lines are directed away, as in the rightmost formula in Fig. 10.4. A stereoisomer with a functional group at the chiral centre (as ...
Microbial Cause of Calcium Lactate Defect in Cheddar Cheese
... Agarwal, S. C., S.; Swanson, B.G.; Yuksel, G.U. 2003. Non starter lactic acid bacteria and calcium lactate crystal formation in Cheddar cheese. Institute of Food Technologists. Chou, Y. E. E., C.G.; Luedecke, L.O.; Bates, M.P.; Clark, S. 2003. Nonstarter lactic acid bacteria and aging temperature af ...
... Agarwal, S. C., S.; Swanson, B.G.; Yuksel, G.U. 2003. Non starter lactic acid bacteria and calcium lactate crystal formation in Cheddar cheese. Institute of Food Technologists. Chou, Y. E. E., C.G.; Luedecke, L.O.; Bates, M.P.; Clark, S. 2003. Nonstarter lactic acid bacteria and aging temperature af ...
pH Homeostasis in Lactic Acid Bacteria
... specific growth rates occurred at pHout 6.3. Cell damage, determined as the ratio of the transient growth rate to the normal growth rate, began to occur at medium pH or p b u t 5.0, and the specific growth rate approached zero at pHout 4.0. A reduction in the specific activity of the enzymes hexokin ...
... specific growth rates occurred at pHout 6.3. Cell damage, determined as the ratio of the transient growth rate to the normal growth rate, began to occur at medium pH or p b u t 5.0, and the specific growth rate approached zero at pHout 4.0. A reduction in the specific activity of the enzymes hexokin ...
Biochemistry_Written_Tests.doc
... The 3rd NADH production in Kreb's cycle involves the reaction of? a. Malate --------------- oxaloacetate (by malate dehydrogenase) ...
... The 3rd NADH production in Kreb's cycle involves the reaction of? a. Malate --------------- oxaloacetate (by malate dehydrogenase) ...
Definition – paroxysmal events thought to represent abnormal
... - tonic-clonic (grand mal) - myoclonic - tonic - atonic - absence (petit mal) - infantile - atypical absence spasms ...
... - tonic-clonic (grand mal) - myoclonic - tonic - atonic - absence (petit mal) - infantile - atypical absence spasms ...
BIO 322_Rec_4part1_Spring 2013
... Yields dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid that can enter TCA cycle. ...
... Yields dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid that can enter TCA cycle. ...
Nutritional Requirements in Fermentation
... additional organic compounds as nutrients. These additional organic nutrients are called growth factors and have a purely biosynthetic function, being required as precursors of certain organic cell constituents that the organism is unable to synthesize. Most microorganisms that depend on organic car ...
... additional organic compounds as nutrients. These additional organic nutrients are called growth factors and have a purely biosynthetic function, being required as precursors of certain organic cell constituents that the organism is unable to synthesize. Most microorganisms that depend on organic car ...
attachment
... - removal and acceleration of the uppermost layer of the epidermis/keratinocytes in order to remove melanin/lighten the skin - acid-based eg. alpha-hydroxyacids (AHA), salicylic acid, linoleic and retinoic acids, phenols - smallest AHA is glycolic acid (isolated from sugar cane, sugar beets, pineapp ...
... - removal and acceleration of the uppermost layer of the epidermis/keratinocytes in order to remove melanin/lighten the skin - acid-based eg. alpha-hydroxyacids (AHA), salicylic acid, linoleic and retinoic acids, phenols - smallest AHA is glycolic acid (isolated from sugar cane, sugar beets, pineapp ...
Acyl-CoA
... - Triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are fatty acid esters (usually with different fatty acid R groups) of glycerol—see §1.4! - Triglycerides are largely stored in the adipose tissue where they function as “high-energy” reservoirs—due to being more reduced (carry more electrons, or more hydrogens!) ...
... - Triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are fatty acid esters (usually with different fatty acid R groups) of glycerol—see §1.4! - Triglycerides are largely stored in the adipose tissue where they function as “high-energy” reservoirs—due to being more reduced (carry more electrons, or more hydrogens!) ...
Translation - OpenStax CNX
... Robert Bear David Rintoul Based on Translation† by OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0‡ ...
... Robert Bear David Rintoul Based on Translation† by OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0‡ ...
Investigating the Dual Function of the Chloride Intracellular Ion
... I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work ...
... I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work ...
Macromolecules
... hydrogens are attached. • Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, which means fewer hydrogens can be attached. • C=C bonds are rigid and planar. This means that the next carbons in the chain can come in from the same side (cis) or opposite sides (trans). – In the cell ...
... hydrogens are attached. • Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, which means fewer hydrogens can be attached. • C=C bonds are rigid and planar. This means that the next carbons in the chain can come in from the same side (cis) or opposite sides (trans). – In the cell ...
Amines and amino acids
... Primary structure: sequence of amino acids in the protein chain Secondary structure: folding or twisting of the protein backbone Tertiary structure: 3-D structure of the entire protein chain Quarternary structure: In proteins composed of more than one chain, how these chains associate with e ...
... Primary structure: sequence of amino acids in the protein chain Secondary structure: folding or twisting of the protein backbone Tertiary structure: 3-D structure of the entire protein chain Quarternary structure: In proteins composed of more than one chain, how these chains associate with e ...
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
... linkage forces the polymer chain into an extended conformation. A parallel series of these extended chains can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, aggregating into long, tough, insoluble fibres. Glycogen consists of glucose units linked together by (α1→4) glycosidic bonds. The α linkage causes a ben ...
... linkage forces the polymer chain into an extended conformation. A parallel series of these extended chains can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, aggregating into long, tough, insoluble fibres. Glycogen consists of glucose units linked together by (α1→4) glycosidic bonds. The α linkage causes a ben ...
COLOUR REACTIONS IN CHROMATOGRAPHY Fifteen location
... conclusions which are not justified as a result of the lack of specificity of the reagents used. As one example in this connection may be mentioned that amido black, for instance, which is considered to be a specific reagent for proteins, also gives positive reactions in the presence of amino acids, ...
... conclusions which are not justified as a result of the lack of specificity of the reagents used. As one example in this connection may be mentioned that amido black, for instance, which is considered to be a specific reagent for proteins, also gives positive reactions in the presence of amino acids, ...
Acetyl CoA
... yields D-bhydroxybutyrate (do not confuse with L- bhydroxybutyrate of the boxidation pathway). 5. Acetoacetate is easily decarboxylated (may be spontaneously or enzymatically) to acetone and CO2. ...
... yields D-bhydroxybutyrate (do not confuse with L- bhydroxybutyrate of the boxidation pathway). 5. Acetoacetate is easily decarboxylated (may be spontaneously or enzymatically) to acetone and CO2. ...
Biochemistry of connective tissue
... important function in arteries and is particularly abundant in large elastic blood vessels such as the aorta. Elastin is also very important in the lungs, elastic ligaments, the skin, the bladder, elastic cartilage ...
... important function in arteries and is particularly abundant in large elastic blood vessels such as the aorta. Elastin is also very important in the lungs, elastic ligaments, the skin, the bladder, elastic cartilage ...
Mechanism of the Inhibitory Action of Linoleic Acid on
... Broth media were solidified by adding 1.5% (w/v) agar (Difco Bacto). Strains carrying the PC plasmid were maintained on CY agar containing 13.3 pg cadmium acetate ml-l. Measurement of macromolecular syntheses. DNA, RNA, cell wall, protein and membrane synthesis were measured by monitoring the incorp ...
... Broth media were solidified by adding 1.5% (w/v) agar (Difco Bacto). Strains carrying the PC plasmid were maintained on CY agar containing 13.3 pg cadmium acetate ml-l. Measurement of macromolecular syntheses. DNA, RNA, cell wall, protein and membrane synthesis were measured by monitoring the incorp ...
Hepoxilin
Hepoxilins (HxA3 and HxB3) are nonclassic eicosanoid hormones involved in inflammation.