NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RARE DISASTERS, TAIL-HEDGED INVESTMENTS, AND RISK-ADJUSTED DISCOUNT RATES
... For the U.S., whose stock markets are relatively large in representing the private economy and which have a long uninterrupted historical record, this number is approximately seven percent per year.1 The U.S. O¢ ce of Management and Budget uses 7% as “an estimate of the average pretax real rate of r ...
... For the U.S., whose stock markets are relatively large in representing the private economy and which have a long uninterrupted historical record, this number is approximately seven percent per year.1 The U.S. O¢ ce of Management and Budget uses 7% as “an estimate of the average pretax real rate of r ...
Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
... dependant communities and threatening those most vulnerable. ...
... dependant communities and threatening those most vulnerable. ...
Climate Change and the Transport Sector: Are we
... A key aspect of the environmental assessment for this project involved assessing risks posed by climate change induced flood risk to the design, construction and operation of the highway. This was included within Director General’s requirements (DGRs), issued under the NSW Environmental Planning and ...
... A key aspect of the environmental assessment for this project involved assessing risks posed by climate change induced flood risk to the design, construction and operation of the highway. This was included within Director General’s requirements (DGRs), issued under the NSW Environmental Planning and ...
NO to CO2lonialism!
... You have in your hands a quick guide to the truth about false solutions to climate change. These market-based scams allow polluters to avoid reducing their pollution, continue to destroy nature and make millions while they are at it. The United Nations, the World Bank, industry, multinationals, gove ...
... You have in your hands a quick guide to the truth about false solutions to climate change. These market-based scams allow polluters to avoid reducing their pollution, continue to destroy nature and make millions while they are at it. The United Nations, the World Bank, industry, multinationals, gove ...
NO to CO2lonialism!
... You have in your hands a quick guide to the truth about false solutions to climate change. These market-based scams allow polluters to avoid reducing their pollution, continue to destroy nature and make millions while they are at it. The United Nations, the World Bank, industry, multinationals, gove ...
... You have in your hands a quick guide to the truth about false solutions to climate change. These market-based scams allow polluters to avoid reducing their pollution, continue to destroy nature and make millions while they are at it. The United Nations, the World Bank, industry, multinationals, gove ...
Global response of the terrestrial biosphere to CO2 and climate
... 2001] or by a doubling of the CO2 concentration [Betts et al., 1997; King et al., 1997; Melillo et al., 1993; Neilson and Drapek, 1998]. The main outcome of these studies is that the terrestrial biosphere is strongly affected by the climate change. Therefore, future atmospheric CO2 will be driven no ...
... 2001] or by a doubling of the CO2 concentration [Betts et al., 1997; King et al., 1997; Melillo et al., 1993; Neilson and Drapek, 1998]. The main outcome of these studies is that the terrestrial biosphere is strongly affected by the climate change. Therefore, future atmospheric CO2 will be driven no ...
Gaziantep Climate Change Action Plan Executive Summary
... with the release of its first Climate Change Action Plan of Gaziantep, which represented the municipality’s serious concern for global warming. In 2011, the Metropolitan Municipality was the first Municipality to prepare a Climate Change Action Plan, before the other Metropolitan Municipalities. Thi ...
... with the release of its first Climate Change Action Plan of Gaziantep, which represented the municipality’s serious concern for global warming. In 2011, the Metropolitan Municipality was the first Municipality to prepare a Climate Change Action Plan, before the other Metropolitan Municipalities. Thi ...
Effects of global climate change on agriculture: an
... atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Although temperature increases can have both positive and negative effects on crop yields, in general, temperature increases have been found to reduce yields and quality of many crops, most importantly cereal and feed grains.1 Increases in precipitation (i.e. level, t ...
... atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Although temperature increases can have both positive and negative effects on crop yields, in general, temperature increases have been found to reduce yields and quality of many crops, most importantly cereal and feed grains.1 Increases in precipitation (i.e. level, t ...
6 Climate change and urban transportation systems
... climate change (including environmental and socio-economic factors)” will be located in developing countries of south and east Asia.1 These cities have transportation systems that are currently navigating the challenges posed by mixed land use and a large proportion of the population living in pover ...
... climate change (including environmental and socio-economic factors)” will be located in developing countries of south and east Asia.1 These cities have transportation systems that are currently navigating the challenges posed by mixed land use and a large proportion of the population living in pover ...
climate changes and adaptation policies in the baltic and the adriatic
... adopted. The Kyoto Protocol was made in ordered to legally bind developed countries to emission reduction targets. The first commitment Protocol’s period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. The second commitment period began on 1 January 2013 and is going to end in 2020. All countries under considera ...
... adopted. The Kyoto Protocol was made in ordered to legally bind developed countries to emission reduction targets. The first commitment Protocol’s period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. The second commitment period began on 1 January 2013 and is going to end in 2020. All countries under considera ...
A look at the Cuban experience of protection against
... hurricane hits, people and some of their goods are protected.4 In terms of preparation and response the characteristics of the Cuban model are fairly clear. The same does not hold true with respect to disaster risk reduction, a concept that is related but radically different from disaster management ...
... hurricane hits, people and some of their goods are protected.4 In terms of preparation and response the characteristics of the Cuban model are fairly clear. The same does not hold true with respect to disaster risk reduction, a concept that is related but radically different from disaster management ...
Climate Change Mitigation in Southern Africa: Zambia study
... What the CDM is & How It Works (1) • Art. 12 of the KP - the CDM is to assist Non-Annex I Parties in achieving SD, and to assist Annex I Parties in achieving compliance under Art. 3. - the CDM could stimulate international investment and provide the essential resources for cleaner economic growth. - ...
... What the CDM is & How It Works (1) • Art. 12 of the KP - the CDM is to assist Non-Annex I Parties in achieving SD, and to assist Annex I Parties in achieving compliance under Art. 3. - the CDM could stimulate international investment and provide the essential resources for cleaner economic growth. - ...
Depletion of fossil fuels and anthropogenic climate change—A review
... production of fossil fuels, the principal CO2 emission source. Meanwhile, fossil fuel depletion has also been identified as a future challenge. This chapter reviews the connection between these two issues and concludes that limits to availability of fossil fuels will set a limit for mankind’s ability ...
... production of fossil fuels, the principal CO2 emission source. Meanwhile, fossil fuel depletion has also been identified as a future challenge. This chapter reviews the connection between these two issues and concludes that limits to availability of fossil fuels will set a limit for mankind’s ability ...
A look at the Cuban experience of protection against climate change
... hurricane hits, people and some of their goods are protected.4 In terms of preparation and response the characteristics of the Cuban model are fairly clear. The same does not hold true with respect to disaster risk reduction, a concept that is related but radically different from disaster management ...
... hurricane hits, people and some of their goods are protected.4 In terms of preparation and response the characteristics of the Cuban model are fairly clear. The same does not hold true with respect to disaster risk reduction, a concept that is related but radically different from disaster management ...
Links between climate change, conflict and governance in Africa
... binding agreement to curb climate change, more wars and related deaths could ravage Africa. The case of Darfur, where conflict has been ongoing for almost a decade, may just be the tip of the iceberg. The herder-farmer conflicts in parts of Sudan and Kenya, Algeria and northern Nigeria speak to inst ...
... binding agreement to curb climate change, more wars and related deaths could ravage Africa. The case of Darfur, where conflict has been ongoing for almost a decade, may just be the tip of the iceberg. The herder-farmer conflicts in parts of Sudan and Kenya, Algeria and northern Nigeria speak to inst ...
Request for Expression of Interest Firm - World Bank E
... The GEF Climate Change (CC) focal area is one of the six focal areas supported by the GEF Trust Fund as well as the Least Developed Countries Trust Fund (LDCF) and the Special Climate Change Trust Fund (SCCF) administered by the GEF, all serving as financial mechanisms of the UN Framework Convention ...
... The GEF Climate Change (CC) focal area is one of the six focal areas supported by the GEF Trust Fund as well as the Least Developed Countries Trust Fund (LDCF) and the Special Climate Change Trust Fund (SCCF) administered by the GEF, all serving as financial mechanisms of the UN Framework Convention ...
The effect of development on the climate sensitivity of agriculture
... There are many assumptions in the Ricardian approach. Perhaps the strongest assumption is that output prices would remain constant as climate changes. If this assumption of constant output prices is relaxed, crops that face a supply increase would have falling prices and crops that face a supply red ...
... There are many assumptions in the Ricardian approach. Perhaps the strongest assumption is that output prices would remain constant as climate changes. If this assumption of constant output prices is relaxed, crops that face a supply increase would have falling prices and crops that face a supply red ...
Ecosystem Based Adaptation
... Climate change associated events, together with unsustainable management of ecosystems, increase the vulnerabilities of people and nature by impacting them adversely. These impacts can be environmental (degradation, conversion, effects of increasingly frequent and severe events such as floods and dr ...
... Climate change associated events, together with unsustainable management of ecosystems, increase the vulnerabilities of people and nature by impacting them adversely. These impacts can be environmental (degradation, conversion, effects of increasingly frequent and severe events such as floods and dr ...
A Climate of Change - Redefining Progress
... Intersection of Race and Class African Americans are less responsible for global warming, with average household emissions of greenhouse gases that are nearly twenty percent lower than that of non-Hispanic whites. At the same time, African American communities are also more vulnerable to the consequ ...
... Intersection of Race and Class African Americans are less responsible for global warming, with average household emissions of greenhouse gases that are nearly twenty percent lower than that of non-Hispanic whites. At the same time, African American communities are also more vulnerable to the consequ ...
Course on review of higher tiers non
... Study implications of choice of alternative metrics for outcomes such as emissions of different gases, climate change outcomes, and costs (especially for specific countries or sectors); Investigate the potential for extending the multi-gas strategy to short-lived pollutant emissions. Recommendat ...
... Study implications of choice of alternative metrics for outcomes such as emissions of different gases, climate change outcomes, and costs (especially for specific countries or sectors); Investigate the potential for extending the multi-gas strategy to short-lived pollutant emissions. Recommendat ...
Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and the International Climate Change Policy Agenda
... though limited, has been set up through the Convention and is managed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Industrialized countries also agree to share technology with developing nations. The UNFCCC acknowledges that the share of GHG emissions produced by developing nations will grow in the fut ...
... though limited, has been set up through the Convention and is managed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Industrialized countries also agree to share technology with developing nations. The UNFCCC acknowledges that the share of GHG emissions produced by developing nations will grow in the fut ...
Climate Change Projections for the United States Midwest
... The historical record of climate over the Midwest was combined with GCM projections to place these within the context of regional climate over the last century. We recognize the significant uncertainties inherent to application of GCM data at a regional scale; however, when considered in combination ...
... The historical record of climate over the Midwest was combined with GCM projections to place these within the context of regional climate over the last century. We recognize the significant uncertainties inherent to application of GCM data at a regional scale; however, when considered in combination ...
Climate Change Report (2016)
... the social cost to be $1,221 per acre of converted grassland in the APR region. These figures suggest that if the 96,081 acres of deeded grassland that APR has conserved to date through acquisition and Wild Sky Beef were cultivated, nearly 3.17 million t CO2 would be released at a social cost of $1 ...
... the social cost to be $1,221 per acre of converted grassland in the APR region. These figures suggest that if the 96,081 acres of deeded grassland that APR has conserved to date through acquisition and Wild Sky Beef were cultivated, nearly 3.17 million t CO2 would be released at a social cost of $1 ...
ESTIMATION OF HEAT WAVE INDICES FROM CLIMATE MODEL
... Global and regional climate patterns have changed throughout the history of our planet. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, these changes occurred due to natural causes, including variations in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, volcanic eruptions, and fluctuations in the Sun’s energy, etc... Since t ...
... Global and regional climate patterns have changed throughout the history of our planet. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, these changes occurred due to natural causes, including variations in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, volcanic eruptions, and fluctuations in the Sun’s energy, etc... Since t ...
Case Study - Sorsogon City
... Activities during this stage should prepare the whole assessment process while building awareness and reinforcing local understanding of general climate change issues. Step 1: Orient and brief local authorities on climate change The goals of this step are: 1) for local leaders to be more informed an ...
... Activities during this stage should prepare the whole assessment process while building awareness and reinforcing local understanding of general climate change issues. Step 1: Orient and brief local authorities on climate change The goals of this step are: 1) for local leaders to be more informed an ...
Economics of climate change mitigation
This article is about the economics of climate change mitigation. Mitigation of climate change involves actions that are designed to limit the amount of long-term climate change (Fisher et al.., 2007:225). Mitigation may be achieved through the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or through the enhancement of sinks that absorb GHGs, for example forests.