Chemistry I Midterm Exam
... In solving the Schrödinger equation for a particle constrained in a box of size L (x = 0 to L), the allowed wavefunctions have the form (x) = A sin kx + B cos kx. (a) What are the boundary conditions and normalization that can be used to find A, B, and k?? (b) Sketch the wavefunction for the 1st-ex ...
... In solving the Schrödinger equation for a particle constrained in a box of size L (x = 0 to L), the allowed wavefunctions have the form (x) = A sin kx + B cos kx. (a) What are the boundary conditions and normalization that can be used to find A, B, and k?? (b) Sketch the wavefunction for the 1st-ex ...
Quantum Lecture _08
... So far we have discussed how light can act as a particle, but conversely particles can act as waves Work by deBroglie found that electrons around the nucleus of an atom exhibited wave behavior, acting at certain frequencies around the nucleus Further experiments proved more wavelike behavior s ...
... So far we have discussed how light can act as a particle, but conversely particles can act as waves Work by deBroglie found that electrons around the nucleus of an atom exhibited wave behavior, acting at certain frequencies around the nucleus Further experiments proved more wavelike behavior s ...
CHEM 121
... 20. Give at least two reasons why Bohr's model is no longer used. 1. Bohr's model only works for the hydrogen atom and ions with one electron outside the nucleus. 2. Bohr's model ascribes definite orbits to electrons, contrary to the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. ...
... 20. Give at least two reasons why Bohr's model is no longer used. 1. Bohr's model only works for the hydrogen atom and ions with one electron outside the nucleus. 2. Bohr's model ascribes definite orbits to electrons, contrary to the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. ...
Wave-Particle Duality - the Principle of Complementarity The
... a particle. He proposed that only those orbits where the wave would be a circular standing wave will occur. This yields the same relation that Bohr had proposed. In addition, it makes more reasonable the fact that the electrons do not radiate, as one would otherwise expect from an accelerating charg ...
... a particle. He proposed that only those orbits where the wave would be a circular standing wave will occur. This yields the same relation that Bohr had proposed. In addition, it makes more reasonable the fact that the electrons do not radiate, as one would otherwise expect from an accelerating charg ...
3.3 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
... • Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle is the idea that it is impossible to know the exact position and speed of an electron at the same time – The method used to determine the speed of an electron changes its position – The method used to determine the position of an electron changes its speed ...
... • Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle is the idea that it is impossible to know the exact position and speed of an electron at the same time – The method used to determine the speed of an electron changes its position – The method used to determine the position of an electron changes its speed ...
Photon model of light - High Point University
... things we already understand. Thus, we’ll often appeal to the Bohr model as we think about energy states of a hydrogen atom. In the Bohr model, an electron orbits the proton in a circular orbit at a certain distance away. Only certain orbits are allowed. Those orbits are the ones where the kinetic e ...
... things we already understand. Thus, we’ll often appeal to the Bohr model as we think about energy states of a hydrogen atom. In the Bohr model, an electron orbits the proton in a circular orbit at a certain distance away. Only certain orbits are allowed. Those orbits are the ones where the kinetic e ...
Exam 1
... States of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and their general properties; condensed phase, fluid Crystalline and amorphous solids Pure substances and mixtures, homogeneous mixtures (solutions), heterogeneous mixtures Elements and compounds; atoms and molecules Physical properties, chemical properties Scie ...
... States of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and their general properties; condensed phase, fluid Crystalline and amorphous solids Pure substances and mixtures, homogeneous mixtures (solutions), heterogeneous mixtures Elements and compounds; atoms and molecules Physical properties, chemical properties Scie ...
atoms, molecules, and matter (2)
... All earthly objects are a mixture of: 1. EARTH (bottom – center of universe) 2. WATER (water covers earth) 3. AIR (air over water) 4. FIRE (highest – at top) 5. Ether = QUINTESSENCE (Latin) – substance whose natural motion is that most symmetrical and eternal of all conceivable motion = endless circ ...
... All earthly objects are a mixture of: 1. EARTH (bottom – center of universe) 2. WATER (water covers earth) 3. AIR (air over water) 4. FIRE (highest – at top) 5. Ether = QUINTESSENCE (Latin) – substance whose natural motion is that most symmetrical and eternal of all conceivable motion = endless circ ...
Developing a new physics for atoms
... So, why don’t atoms collapse? In our macro world atoms would collapse when the negatively charged electrons were pulled into the nucleus by electrostatic attraction. Unless we constantly added energy to the electrons, their velocity would slow, and they would spiral into the nucleus and collapse th ...
... So, why don’t atoms collapse? In our macro world atoms would collapse when the negatively charged electrons were pulled into the nucleus by electrostatic attraction. Unless we constantly added energy to the electrons, their velocity would slow, and they would spiral into the nucleus and collapse th ...
Chapter 5
... the quantum mechanical model of the atom. Very similar to Bohr’s model, but is different in that it makes no attempt to describe the electron’s path around the nucleus. The quantum mechanical model of the atom predicts a 3-dimensional region around the nucleus called an atomic orbital describes th ...
... the quantum mechanical model of the atom. Very similar to Bohr’s model, but is different in that it makes no attempt to describe the electron’s path around the nucleus. The quantum mechanical model of the atom predicts a 3-dimensional region around the nucleus called an atomic orbital describes th ...
Frank-Hertz experiment with Neon
... In the early 20th century, experiments by Ernest Rutherford established that atoms consisted of a diffuse cloud of negatively charged electrons surrounding a small, dense, positively charged nucleus. Given this experimental data, Rutherford naturally considered a planetary-model atom. The laws of cl ...
... In the early 20th century, experiments by Ernest Rutherford established that atoms consisted of a diffuse cloud of negatively charged electrons surrounding a small, dense, positively charged nucleus. Given this experimental data, Rutherford naturally considered a planetary-model atom. The laws of cl ...
Shapes of the Charge Clouds
... determines an atom's behavior and properties •Schrodinger's Equation - supports the theory that quanta of energy are absorbed and emitted in whole-number units (in simple atoms!!) •In larger atoms it is assumed that the electrons do not interfere with each other but they probably do (at least a litt ...
... determines an atom's behavior and properties •Schrodinger's Equation - supports the theory that quanta of energy are absorbed and emitted in whole-number units (in simple atoms!!) •In larger atoms it is assumed that the electrons do not interfere with each other but they probably do (at least a litt ...
Electron Configurations
... you may want some extra information on the subject. Most of this below is “borrowed” from Sparknotes.com. The first and most important rule to remember when attempting to determine how electrons will be arranged in the atom is Hund’s rule, which states that the most stable arrangement of electrons i ...
... you may want some extra information on the subject. Most of this below is “borrowed” from Sparknotes.com. The first and most important rule to remember when attempting to determine how electrons will be arranged in the atom is Hund’s rule, which states that the most stable arrangement of electrons i ...
Bohr model
In atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model, introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus—similar in structure to the solar system, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces rather than gravity. After the cubic model (1902), the plum-pudding model (1904), the Saturnian model (1904), and the Rutherford model (1911) came the Rutherford–Bohr model or just Bohr model for short (1913). The improvement to the Rutherford model is mostly a quantum physical interpretation of it. The Bohr model has been superseded, but the quantum theory remains sound.The model's key success lay in explaining the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen. While the Rydberg formula had been known experimentally, it did not gain a theoretical underpinning until the Bohr model was introduced. Not only did the Bohr model explain the reason for the structure of the Rydberg formula, it also provided a justification for its empirical results in terms of fundamental physical constants.The Bohr model is a relatively primitive model of the hydrogen atom, compared to the valence shell atom. As a theory, it can be derived as a first-order approximation of the hydrogen atom using the broader and much more accurate quantum mechanics and thus may be considered to be an obsolete scientific theory. However, because of its simplicity, and its correct results for selected systems (see below for application), the Bohr model is still commonly taught to introduce students to quantum mechanics or energy level diagrams before moving on to the more accurate, but more complex, valence shell atom. A related model was originally proposed by Arthur Erich Haas in 1910, but was rejected. The quantum theory of the period between Planck's discovery of the quantum (1900) and the advent of a full-blown quantum mechanics (1925) is often referred to as the old quantum theory.