References
... This table includes a few of the notable studies in eukaryotes that have identified candidate genes underlying ecologically important traits and tested the impacts of these genetic variants on phenotype and fitness. In many cases the gene of interest has not yet been isolated from other putative gen ...
... This table includes a few of the notable studies in eukaryotes that have identified candidate genes underlying ecologically important traits and tested the impacts of these genetic variants on phenotype and fitness. In many cases the gene of interest has not yet been isolated from other putative gen ...
Exploration – Charles Darwin, adventures in space, discovery
... Naturalist Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 12, 1809 - the same exact day as Abraham Lincoln! He found medical studies dull, was bored by natural history courses in school, and found riding and hunting of much more interest because he could be outdoors - he was not the bes ...
... Naturalist Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 12, 1809 - the same exact day as Abraham Lincoln! He found medical studies dull, was bored by natural history courses in school, and found riding and hunting of much more interest because he could be outdoors - he was not the bes ...
Lecture 1: Introduction, evolution, climate constraints
... Glyptodont), somewhat resemble, but are not identical to, living species (such as the armadillo) ...
... Glyptodont), somewhat resemble, but are not identical to, living species (such as the armadillo) ...
Alfred Russel Wallace`s Concepts of Variation
... paper, on the other hand, approached selection only through this last phase of the process. He was concerned with the survival of the permanent varieties once they have been formed, not with their actual formation through the action of selection on individual differences. Once this point is accepted ...
... paper, on the other hand, approached selection only through this last phase of the process. He was concerned with the survival of the permanent varieties once they have been formed, not with their actual formation through the action of selection on individual differences. Once this point is accepted ...
Natural selection stops the evolution of male attractiveness
... traits are associated with high levels of additive genetic variation (6) and have been observed to evolve in response to a change in natural selection (7). It is thus surprising that there are few examples in which the divergence of sexual traits among natural populations of the same species can be ...
... traits are associated with high levels of additive genetic variation (6) and have been observed to evolve in response to a change in natural selection (7). It is thus surprising that there are few examples in which the divergence of sexual traits among natural populations of the same species can be ...
No Slide Title
... to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do. • Darwin proposed that over many generations, natural selection causes the characteristics of populations to change. • Evolution is a change in the characteristics of a population from one generation ...
... to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do. • Darwin proposed that over many generations, natural selection causes the characteristics of populations to change. • Evolution is a change in the characteristics of a population from one generation ...
Capturing the superorganism: a formal theory of group adaptation
... fitness function and the scaling factor W ensures that population size remains constant. Thus, group reproductive success is unaffected by the phenotype of any other group (consistent with our assumption of no between-group social interaction), except in the density-dependent scaling that is applied ...
... fitness function and the scaling factor W ensures that population size remains constant. Thus, group reproductive success is unaffected by the phenotype of any other group (consistent with our assumption of no between-group social interaction), except in the density-dependent scaling that is applied ...
Lectures 2 - 4
... Why are species similar to each other ? - propinquity of descent Why are they different from one another? - Natural Selection ▼ Natural selection ...
... Why are species similar to each other ? - propinquity of descent Why are they different from one another? - Natural Selection ▼ Natural selection ...
An evaluation of 8 recent biology textbooks currently approved for
... Experiments in the 1950s seemed to provide the missing evidence by showing that light‐colored peppered moths were more easily seen and eaten by predatory birds on pollution‐darkened tree trunks, leaving mostly dark‐colored moths to survive and reproduce. Many biology textbooks carry photographs o ...
... Experiments in the 1950s seemed to provide the missing evidence by showing that light‐colored peppered moths were more easily seen and eaten by predatory birds on pollution‐darkened tree trunks, leaving mostly dark‐colored moths to survive and reproduce. Many biology textbooks carry photographs o ...
Lectures 2 - 4 (word doc)
... • Why are species similar to each other ? - propinquity of descent • Why are they different from one another? - Natural Selection ¡å Natural selection ¢º differential reproductive success ¢º selection occurs through interaction between the environment and genetic variability among individuals within ...
... • Why are species similar to each other ? - propinquity of descent • Why are they different from one another? - Natural Selection ¡å Natural selection ¢º differential reproductive success ¢º selection occurs through interaction between the environment and genetic variability among individuals within ...
AP Biology Chapter 22 Worksheet
... 30. Should we find evidence of evolutionary transitions in the fossil record? Explain ...
... 30. Should we find evidence of evolutionary transitions in the fossil record? Explain ...
Jonathan Hodge and Gregory Radick, eds. The
... development of the theory of natural selection through Darwin’s “notebook period” should silence any skeptics regarding Darwin’s originality. Both Hodge and Jim Endersby, who addresses Darwin’s theory of generation, emphasize how Darwin’s social commitments – to good breeding and to what Hodge calls ...
... development of the theory of natural selection through Darwin’s “notebook period” should silence any skeptics regarding Darwin’s originality. Both Hodge and Jim Endersby, who addresses Darwin’s theory of generation, emphasize how Darwin’s social commitments – to good breeding and to what Hodge calls ...
Biological evolution
... Natural selection does not result in a perfect match between organisms and their environments, partly because environments are constantly changing. Also, there are several constraints on ...
... Natural selection does not result in a perfect match between organisms and their environments, partly because environments are constantly changing. Also, there are several constraints on ...
Bottlenecks and Founder Effects
... 1. Did your simulation produce results that supported the idea of natural selection? Why or why not? 2. Do you think your simulation could have been improved in any way? What would you do differently? 3. Compare your simulation with other groups in the class. Describe how one group’s simulation was ...
... 1. Did your simulation produce results that supported the idea of natural selection? Why or why not? 2. Do you think your simulation could have been improved in any way? What would you do differently? 3. Compare your simulation with other groups in the class. Describe how one group’s simulation was ...
variation in the strength and softness of selection on
... Even if phenotypic effects are important, there is no debate that competition and resource limitation are critical for soft selection (Wallace 1968, 1975). If an individual must compete with others in its deme for a limited resource, then the fitness of that individual is expected to depend on its g ...
... Even if phenotypic effects are important, there is no debate that competition and resource limitation are critical for soft selection (Wallace 1968, 1975). If an individual must compete with others in its deme for a limited resource, then the fitness of that individual is expected to depend on its g ...
Biodiversity
... adaptation for the organism's ancestor, but that evolved to be non-functional because the organism's environment changed.Fish species that live in completely dark caves have vestigial, non-functional eyes. When their sighted ancestors ended up living in caves, there was no longer any natural selecti ...
... adaptation for the organism's ancestor, but that evolved to be non-functional because the organism's environment changed.Fish species that live in completely dark caves have vestigial, non-functional eyes. When their sighted ancestors ended up living in caves, there was no longer any natural selecti ...
evolution - Living Environment
... Islands. Darwin based his theory on his own observations and the work of previous scientists. For inst geologist Charles Lyell argued in 1830 that the Earth was formed through gradual, slow-moving proc This helped give Darwin the idea that living things might also evolve. The English economist Thoma ...
... Islands. Darwin based his theory on his own observations and the work of previous scientists. For inst geologist Charles Lyell argued in 1830 that the Earth was formed through gradual, slow-moving proc This helped give Darwin the idea that living things might also evolve. The English economist Thoma ...
Model Details - Virtual Biology Lab
... mates. Examples of traits that are thought to be sexually selected include bright, conspicuous coloration (e.g. a peacock’s tail) to attract mates, or weaponry in males (e.g. tusks or horns) to battle other males for access to females. Often, traits that convey a sexual selection advantage may be co ...
... mates. Examples of traits that are thought to be sexually selected include bright, conspicuous coloration (e.g. a peacock’s tail) to attract mates, or weaponry in males (e.g. tusks or horns) to battle other males for access to females. Often, traits that convey a sexual selection advantage may be co ...
Capturing the superorganism: a formal theory of group
... fitness function and the scaling factor W ensures that population size remains constant. Thus, group reproductive success is unaffected by the phenotype of any other group (consistent with our assumption of no between-group social interaction), except in the density-dependent scaling that is applied ...
... fitness function and the scaling factor W ensures that population size remains constant. Thus, group reproductive success is unaffected by the phenotype of any other group (consistent with our assumption of no between-group social interaction), except in the density-dependent scaling that is applied ...
Slide 1
... around the world were often home to animals and plants that were only distantly related. Recall the similar ground-dwelling birds (rheas, ostriches, and emus) that Darwin observed to inhabit similar grasslands in Europe, Australia, and Africa. Differences in body structures among those animals provi ...
... around the world were often home to animals and plants that were only distantly related. Recall the similar ground-dwelling birds (rheas, ostriches, and emus) that Darwin observed to inhabit similar grasslands in Europe, Australia, and Africa. Differences in body structures among those animals provi ...
Evolution Jeopardy
... no longer effective. The probable explanation for this is that a.the gene mutation rate must have increased naturally. b.the strains have become resistant because they needed to do so for survival. c.a mutation that gave some of them resistance was passed on to succeeding generations because it had ...
... no longer effective. The probable explanation for this is that a.the gene mutation rate must have increased naturally. b.the strains have become resistant because they needed to do so for survival. c.a mutation that gave some of them resistance was passed on to succeeding generations because it had ...
HAMILTON`S FORCES OF NATURAL SELECTION AFTER FORTY
... In 1992, Carey et al. and Curtsinger et al. published experimental data from large dipteran populations demonstrating that agespecific rates of mortality stop increasing at late ages and so “plateau.” Several studies have corroborated these findings in a variety of organisms, including humans (Vaupe ...
... In 1992, Carey et al. and Curtsinger et al. published experimental data from large dipteran populations demonstrating that agespecific rates of mortality stop increasing at late ages and so “plateau.” Several studies have corroborated these findings in a variety of organisms, including humans (Vaupe ...
Honors Biology Module 9 Evolution
... Only a few years after his voyage, he stated that “…..the Old Testament from its manifest false history of the world, with the Tower of Bable, the rainbow as a sign, etc., etc., and from it attributing to God the feelings of a revengeful tyrant, was no more to be trusted than the sacred books of th ...
... Only a few years after his voyage, he stated that “…..the Old Testament from its manifest false history of the world, with the Tower of Bable, the rainbow as a sign, etc., etc., and from it attributing to God the feelings of a revengeful tyrant, was no more to be trusted than the sacred books of th ...
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.