Week 2 (Light) - Protons for Breakfast Blog
... • We can exploit the diffraction of light through a grating • Different frequencies of light have different wavelengths • A diffraction ‘grating’ separates light into its different frequencies we can look at the ‘structure’ of light. • We perceive different frequencies of light to have different ...
... • We can exploit the diffraction of light through a grating • Different frequencies of light have different wavelengths • A diffraction ‘grating’ separates light into its different frequencies we can look at the ‘structure’ of light. • We perceive different frequencies of light to have different ...
Part5-Electromagneti..
... polarizations. So on average the horizontal and vertical components are equal. Polarizers select one component and absorb the other. So half the light gets through, and the resulting light beam has half the intensity of the incident light ...
... polarizations. So on average the horizontal and vertical components are equal. Polarizers select one component and absorb the other. So half the light gets through, and the resulting light beam has half the intensity of the incident light ...
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... natural light (unpolarized light) • The waves emitted by any one molecule may be linearly polarized, but any actual light source contains a tremendous number of molecules with random orientations, so the emitted light is a random mixture of waves linearly polarized in all possible transverse direct ...
... natural light (unpolarized light) • The waves emitted by any one molecule may be linearly polarized, but any actual light source contains a tremendous number of molecules with random orientations, so the emitted light is a random mixture of waves linearly polarized in all possible transverse direct ...
ch16_LecturePPT
... The shorter wavelengths of blue light are scattered by gas molecules in the atmosphere more than longer wavelengths such as red light. When the sun is low on the horizon, the light must pass through more atmosphere than when the sun is directly above. By the time the sun’s light reaches our eyes ...
... The shorter wavelengths of blue light are scattered by gas molecules in the atmosphere more than longer wavelengths such as red light. When the sun is low on the horizon, the light must pass through more atmosphere than when the sun is directly above. By the time the sun’s light reaches our eyes ...
Chapter 2 (Particle Properties of Waves)
... The spatial coordinate of any point of constant phase travels in the +x direction when /k is positive, and in the -x direction when /k is negative. In other words, waves travel to the right when /k is positive, and to the left when /k is negative. Thus, the signs of and k tell the direction of ...
... The spatial coordinate of any point of constant phase travels in the +x direction when /k is positive, and in the -x direction when /k is negative. In other words, waves travel to the right when /k is positive, and to the left when /k is negative. Thus, the signs of and k tell the direction of ...
To understand the basics of reflection and refraction
... • Reflecting light goes at the same angle it hits (from point of view of the surface) • Refracted light will depend on the difference of mediums and the angle. • At some angle (critical angle) the refracted angle is 90 degrees – so you get no refraction bigger entry angles. • Also, reflections polar ...
... • Reflecting light goes at the same angle it hits (from point of view of the surface) • Refracted light will depend on the difference of mediums and the angle. • At some angle (critical angle) the refracted angle is 90 degrees – so you get no refraction bigger entry angles. • Also, reflections polar ...
light is a wave
... • If particles have the same sign of electric charge they repel • If particles have different signs of electric charge they attract • The forces (attractive or repulsive) get weaker as the particles get ...
... • If particles have the same sign of electric charge they repel • If particles have different signs of electric charge they attract • The forces (attractive or repulsive) get weaker as the particles get ...
Redshift Caused by Acceleration Doppler Effect and Hubble`s Law
... Photon emitted from the separation and ejection process carries the inertia of the light source. In other words, a photon, emitted from a light source to a vacuum space, travels not only at the Absolute Light Speed 3 x 108 m/s in its ejection direction, but also it is dragged to the same direction a ...
... Photon emitted from the separation and ejection process carries the inertia of the light source. In other words, a photon, emitted from a light source to a vacuum space, travels not only at the Absolute Light Speed 3 x 108 m/s in its ejection direction, but also it is dragged to the same direction a ...
On the nature of light - Waves
... point to another. It is a way in which energy is transmitted from place to place without physical movement of material from one place to another. ...
... point to another. It is a way in which energy is transmitted from place to place without physical movement of material from one place to another. ...
Precision High Numerical Aperture Scanning System for
... These results can be applied to the development of custom contact lenses, or customizing the refractive corrections in Intraocular lenses (IOLs). Recently, a design methodology has been demonstrated for writing lateral gradient index microlenses into hydrogels [2]. The writing process is due to accu ...
... These results can be applied to the development of custom contact lenses, or customizing the refractive corrections in Intraocular lenses (IOLs). Recently, a design methodology has been demonstrated for writing lateral gradient index microlenses into hydrogels [2]. The writing process is due to accu ...
No Slide Title
... • If particles have the same sign of electric charge they repel • If particles have different signs of electric charge they attract • The forces (attractive or repulsive) get weaker as the particles get ...
... • If particles have the same sign of electric charge they repel • If particles have different signs of electric charge they attract • The forces (attractive or repulsive) get weaker as the particles get ...
light is a wave
... • If particles have the same sign of electric charge they repel • If particles have different signs of electric charge they attract • The forces (attractive or repulsive) get weaker as the particles get ...
... • If particles have the same sign of electric charge they repel • If particles have different signs of electric charge they attract • The forces (attractive or repulsive) get weaker as the particles get ...
pfb13_week2[1]
... • If particles have the same sign of electric charge they repel • If particles have different signs of electric charge they attract • The forces (attractive or repulsive) get weaker as the particles get ...
... • If particles have the same sign of electric charge they repel • If particles have different signs of electric charge they attract • The forces (attractive or repulsive) get weaker as the particles get ...
Chapter 22 - The Nature of Light
... energy level, they give off a packet of energy called a ___________. When the electrons move back and forth, they give off a _________ of photons, making an ____ ___________ which carries the energy. Light has a __________ personality: it can be considered to have properties of both ____________ and ...
... energy level, they give off a packet of energy called a ___________. When the electrons move back and forth, they give off a _________ of photons, making an ____ ___________ which carries the energy. Light has a __________ personality: it can be considered to have properties of both ____________ and ...
Since we will be studying electromagnetic waves, let`s review some
... waves tend to bend easier around objects (i.e. diffract) when the object’s size is on the order of or less than the size of the wavelength. It is found that AM waves bend easier around buildings and hills than FM waves, which are essentially “line-of-sight.” ...
... waves tend to bend easier around objects (i.e. diffract) when the object’s size is on the order of or less than the size of the wavelength. It is found that AM waves bend easier around buildings and hills than FM waves, which are essentially “line-of-sight.” ...
Ch. 27 notes
... Each photon carries an amount of energy that corresponds to its frequency. Red light (from neon) carries a certain amount of energy. A photon of twice the frequency has twice as much energy and is found in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. When many atoms in a material are excited, many photons ...
... Each photon carries an amount of energy that corresponds to its frequency. Red light (from neon) carries a certain amount of energy. A photon of twice the frequency has twice as much energy and is found in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. When many atoms in a material are excited, many photons ...
EVERYDAY ENGINEERING EXAMPLES FOR SIMPLE CONCEPTS
... between the electromagnetic radiation and atoms, ions, and/or electrons. Atoms and molecules contain electrons. It is often useful to think of these electrons as being attached to the atoms by springs. The electrons and their attached springs have a tendency to vibrate at specific frequencies. Simil ...
... between the electromagnetic radiation and atoms, ions, and/or electrons. Atoms and molecules contain electrons. It is often useful to think of these electrons as being attached to the atoms by springs. The electrons and their attached springs have a tendency to vibrate at specific frequencies. Simil ...
Speed of light
The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted c, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics. Its value is exactly 7008299792458000000♠299792458 metres per second (≈7008300000000000000♠3.00×108 m/s), as the length of the metre is defined from this constant and the international standard for time. According to special relativity, c is the maximum speed at which all matter and information in the universe can travel. It is the speed at which all massless particles and changes of the associated fields (including electromagnetic radiation such as light and gravitational waves) travel in vacuum. Such particles and waves travel at c regardless of the motion of the source or the inertial reference frame of the observer. In the theory of relativity, c interrelates space and time, and also appears in the famous equation of mass–energy equivalence E = mc2.The speed at which light propagates through transparent materials, such as glass or air, is less than c; similarly, the speed of radio waves in wire cables is slower than c. The ratio between c and the speed v at which light travels in a material is called the refractive index n of the material (n = c / v). For example, for visible light the refractive index of glass is typically around 1.5, meaning that light in glass travels at c / 1.5 ≈ 7008200000000000000♠200000 km/s; the refractive index of air for visible light is about 1.0003, so the speed of light in air is about 7008299700000000000♠299700 km/s (about 7004900000000000000♠90 km/s slower than c).For many practical purposes, light and other electromagnetic waves will appear to propagate instantaneously, but for long distances and very sensitive measurements, their finite speed has noticeable effects. In communicating with distant space probes, it can take minutes to hours for a message to get from Earth to the spacecraft, or vice versa. The light seen from stars left them many years ago, allowing the study of the history of the universe by looking at distant objects. The finite speed of light also limits the theoretical maximum speed of computers, since information must be sent within the computer from chip to chip. The speed of light can be used with time of flight measurements to measure large distances to high precision.Ole Rømer first demonstrated in 1676 that light travels at a finite speed (as opposed to instantaneously) by studying the apparent motion of Jupiter's moon Io. In 1865, James Clerk Maxwell proposed that light was an electromagnetic wave, and therefore travelled at the speed c appearing in his theory of electromagnetism. In 1905, Albert Einstein postulated that the speed of light with respect to any inertial frame is independent of the motion of the light source, and explored the consequences of that postulate by deriving the special theory of relativity and showing that the parameter c had relevance outside of the context of light and electromagnetism. After centuries of increasingly precise measurements, in 1975 the speed of light was known to be 7008299792458000000♠299792458 m/s with a measurement uncertainty of 4 parts per billion. In 1983, the metre was redefined in the International System of Units (SI) as the distance travelled by light in vacuum in 1/7008299792458000000♠299792458 of a second. As a result, the numerical value of c in metres per second is now fixed exactly by the definition of the metre.