BIO EXAM NOTES
... ago and has not changed (geological & biological change does not occur). Life was created in a single moment, and did not chance since then. 1700s: 1. Carl von Linné - created a classification scheme *categorized apes with humans controversy 2. George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon - wrote Histoir ...
... ago and has not changed (geological & biological change does not occur). Life was created in a single moment, and did not chance since then. 1700s: 1. Carl von Linné - created a classification scheme *categorized apes with humans controversy 2. George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon - wrote Histoir ...
Objectives
... Know what Lemarck’s hypothesis was, and why it is incorrect. Know what Lyell’s contributions to Darwin’s Theory were. Know what artificial selection is, and how it occurs. Know what sexual selection is, and how it occurs. Be able to reproduce Malthus’s graph. Know who came up with the Theory of Natu ...
... Know what Lemarck’s hypothesis was, and why it is incorrect. Know what Lyell’s contributions to Darwin’s Theory were. Know what artificial selection is, and how it occurs. Know what sexual selection is, and how it occurs. Be able to reproduce Malthus’s graph. Know who came up with the Theory of Natu ...
Chapter 10 PPT
... I. Early Ideas about Evolution (10.1) A. Early scientists proposed ideas about evolution 1. Evolution- process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors 2. Other scientists besides Darwin came up with idea ...
... I. Early Ideas about Evolution (10.1) A. Early scientists proposed ideas about evolution 1. Evolution- process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors 2. Other scientists besides Darwin came up with idea ...
Document
... I. Early Ideas about Evolution (10.1) A. Early scientists proposed ideas about evolution 1. Evolution- process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors 2. Other scientists besides Darwin came up with idea ...
... I. Early Ideas about Evolution (10.1) A. Early scientists proposed ideas about evolution 1. Evolution- process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors 2. Other scientists besides Darwin came up with idea ...
Natural Selection Reading
... on the Principle of Population. Malthus noted that the human population can grow more rapidly than food supplies can grow. Figure 5 shows this relationship. Malthus also pointed out that the size of human populations is limited by problems such as starvation and disease. After reading Malthus’s work ...
... on the Principle of Population. Malthus noted that the human population can grow more rapidly than food supplies can grow. Figure 5 shows this relationship. Malthus also pointed out that the size of human populations is limited by problems such as starvation and disease. After reading Malthus’s work ...
Evolution - OpenStax CNX
... that the molecule is DNA, about which you will learn more later. On the other hand, some conditions are not heritable. For example, if you have a cat that lost its tail in a horrible and noisy accident involving a rocking chair and your 300-lb great-aunt, and if the cat has kittens, those kittens wi ...
... that the molecule is DNA, about which you will learn more later. On the other hand, some conditions are not heritable. For example, if you have a cat that lost its tail in a horrible and noisy accident involving a rocking chair and your 300-lb great-aunt, and if the cat has kittens, those kittens wi ...
Darwin and Genesis Powerpoint - Wintersburg Presbyterian Church
... major innovations or the unguided development of new structures, new organs, and body plans. Includes changes above the species level, especially a new phyla or class ...
... major innovations or the unguided development of new structures, new organs, and body plans. Includes changes above the species level, especially a new phyla or class ...
Introduction to Evolution
... Animaxander, proposed a theory of evolution. – In terms of modern science, it was first advanced proposed in the late 1700’s and early 1800s by several scientists including Compte de Buffon and Erasmus Darwin. – The idea of evolution remained controversial for a long time, partially because it ran c ...
... Animaxander, proposed a theory of evolution. – In terms of modern science, it was first advanced proposed in the late 1700’s and early 1800s by several scientists including Compte de Buffon and Erasmus Darwin. – The idea of evolution remained controversial for a long time, partially because it ran c ...
Study Questions for Exam 1 Biology 354 Lecture 1: Natural selection
... showing how fitness changes as a function of age at maturity for a population that experiences heavy mortality versus one that experiences low mortality (thus, two lines on one graph). What is Lack’s Hypothesis for optimal egg size? What are the assumption of his hypothesis? Draw a graph of fitness ...
... showing how fitness changes as a function of age at maturity for a population that experiences heavy mortality versus one that experiences low mortality (thus, two lines on one graph). What is Lack’s Hypothesis for optimal egg size? What are the assumption of his hypothesis? Draw a graph of fitness ...
allele frequency is how common is that allele in the population how
... remember difference between alleles & genes! ...
... remember difference between alleles & genes! ...
MMN 4-3 TYPE
... MECHANISMS: 1. Changes in the genome Genetic drift – chance creates novelty random changes that accumulate Horizontal gene transfer – transfer of large pieces of DNA from one organism to another 2. Natural Selection – individuals with more advantageous traits at a given time have higher fitness [no ...
... MECHANISMS: 1. Changes in the genome Genetic drift – chance creates novelty random changes that accumulate Horizontal gene transfer – transfer of large pieces of DNA from one organism to another 2. Natural Selection – individuals with more advantageous traits at a given time have higher fitness [no ...
Darwin`s finches
... • When and where he started thinking about what was to become his theory of evolution by natural selection. • He did not publish his thoughts until the publication of The Origin of Species in 1859. ...
... • When and where he started thinking about what was to become his theory of evolution by natural selection. • He did not publish his thoughts until the publication of The Origin of Species in 1859. ...
Co-Requisite – Characteristics of Science
... c. Using Mendel’s laws, explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability. What is meiosis? _________________________________________________________________________ How does meiosis play a role in reproductive variability? _____________________________________________ ________________________ ...
... c. Using Mendel’s laws, explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability. What is meiosis? _________________________________________________________________________ How does meiosis play a role in reproductive variability? _____________________________________________ ________________________ ...
Green sea turtle in the Galápagos Islands
... Pesticides often have encouraging early results First application can kill up to 99% of all insects The resistant survivors produce the next generation In each subsequent generation, there are more and more resistant survivors Evolution at work! ...
... Pesticides often have encouraging early results First application can kill up to 99% of all insects The resistant survivors produce the next generation In each subsequent generation, there are more and more resistant survivors Evolution at work! ...
Evolution 4/14/2012 Power Point - Panhandle Area Educational
... A mutation can create a new allele in an individual. MECHANISMS When this happens, the OF population experiences a EVOLUTION change in its allele frequencies and, consequently, experiences evolution. ...
... A mutation can create a new allele in an individual. MECHANISMS When this happens, the OF population experiences a EVOLUTION change in its allele frequencies and, consequently, experiences evolution. ...
Teacher Quality Grant - Gulf Coast State College
... A mutation can create a new allele in an individual. MECHANISMS When this happens, the OF population experiences a EVOLUTION change in its allele frequencies and, consequently, experiences evolution. ...
... A mutation can create a new allele in an individual. MECHANISMS When this happens, the OF population experiences a EVOLUTION change in its allele frequencies and, consequently, experiences evolution. ...
Evolution in Action: a 50,000-Generation Salute to Charles Darwin
... differences among the 12 lines would soon be apparent. The random occurrence of mutations meant that some populations would get lucky by generating a beneficial mutation (and one that survived the daily dilutions) sooner than others. And just as in a game, different early moves— mutations—might open ...
... differences among the 12 lines would soon be apparent. The random occurrence of mutations meant that some populations would get lucky by generating a beneficial mutation (and one that survived the daily dilutions) sooner than others. And just as in a game, different early moves— mutations—might open ...
Course Competency Learning Outcomes
... defining cultural evolution and identifying and discussing the major landmarks of this process. explaining the relationship of cultural evolution to society’s ability to alter its environment. ...
... defining cultural evolution and identifying and discussing the major landmarks of this process. explaining the relationship of cultural evolution to society’s ability to alter its environment. ...
Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently
... changes from one generation to the next in the distribution of beak shapes with the medium ground finch on the Galápagos island of Daphne Major. The birds have inherited variation in the bill shape with some birds having wide deep bills and others having thinner bills. During a period in which rainf ...
... changes from one generation to the next in the distribution of beak shapes with the medium ground finch on the Galápagos island of Daphne Major. The birds have inherited variation in the bill shape with some birds having wide deep bills and others having thinner bills. During a period in which rainf ...
Article discussion
... • Is 51% of modification due to natural selection? • Is 98% of modification due to natural selection? ...
... • Is 51% of modification due to natural selection? • Is 98% of modification due to natural selection? ...
descent with modification
... is descent with modification. • In descent with modification, all present day organisms are related through descent from unknown ancestors in the past. • Descendents of these ancestors accumulated diverse modifications or adaptations that fit them to specific ways of life and habitats. ...
... is descent with modification. • In descent with modification, all present day organisms are related through descent from unknown ancestors in the past. • Descendents of these ancestors accumulated diverse modifications or adaptations that fit them to specific ways of life and habitats. ...
Evolution - OCPS TeacherPress
... An adaptation is a trait shaped by natural selection that increases an organism’s reproductive success. Organisms cannot change “adapt” to their environment. Either they have the genetic traits to survive or they do not. Fitness is a measure of the relative contribution an individual trait m ...
... An adaptation is a trait shaped by natural selection that increases an organism’s reproductive success. Organisms cannot change “adapt” to their environment. Either they have the genetic traits to survive or they do not. Fitness is a measure of the relative contribution an individual trait m ...
Tempo and mode - Integrative Biology
... environment. The term is applied when a large change in function is accomplished with little change of structure. It is not called "preadaptation" any longer, because natural selection cannot look ahead and evolve characteristics that will later be useful. The light honeycombed bones of birds predat ...
... environment. The term is applied when a large change in function is accomplished with little change of structure. It is not called "preadaptation" any longer, because natural selection cannot look ahead and evolve characteristics that will later be useful. The light honeycombed bones of birds predat ...
3330 Exam 1 Review Spring 2011 WHAT IS THE NATURE OF
... entire group of related phenomena. Genuine scientific theories must be falsifiable by means of additional application of the scientific method (data collection and hypothesis testing including generating predictions of what data or observations, if found, would falsify the hypothesis). Falsifiabilit ...
... entire group of related phenomena. Genuine scientific theories must be falsifiable by means of additional application of the scientific method (data collection and hypothesis testing including generating predictions of what data or observations, if found, would falsify the hypothesis). Falsifiabilit ...
Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules.All of life on earth shares a common ancestor known as the last universal ancestor, which lived approximately 3.5–3.8 billion years ago. Repeated formation of new species (speciation), change within species (anagenesis), and loss of species (extinction) throughout the evolutionary history of life on Earth are demonstrated by shared sets of morphological and biochemical traits, including shared DNA sequences. These shared traits are more similar among species that share a more recent common ancestor, and can be used to reconstruct a biological ""tree of life"" based on evolutionary relationships (phylogenetics), using both existing species and fossils. The fossil record includes a progression from early biogenic graphite, to microbial mat fossils, to fossilized multicellular organisms. Existing patterns of biodiversity have been shaped both by speciation and by extinction. More than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates of Earth's current species range from 10 to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented.In the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin formulated the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, published in his book On the Origin of Species (1859). Evolution by natural selection is a process demonstrated by the observation that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive, along with three facts about populations: 1) traits vary among individuals with respect to morphology, physiology, and behaviour (phenotypic variation), 2) different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness), and 3) traits can be passed from generation to generation (heritability of fitness). Thus, in successive generations members of a population are replaced by progeny of parents better adapted to survive and reproduce in the biophysical environment in which natural selection takes place. This teleonomy is the quality whereby the process of natural selection creates and preserves traits that are seemingly fitted for the functional roles they perform. Natural selection is the only known cause of adaptation but not the only known cause of evolution. Other, nonadaptive causes of microevolution include mutation and genetic drift.In the early 20th century the modern evolutionary synthesis integrated classical genetics with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection through the discipline of population genetics. The importance of natural selection as a cause of evolution was accepted into other branches of biology. Moreover, previously held notions about evolution, such as orthogenesis, evolutionism, and other beliefs about innate ""progress"" within the largest-scale trends in evolution, became obsolete scientific theories. Scientists continue to study various aspects of evolutionary biology by forming and testing hypotheses, constructing mathematical models of theoretical biology and biological theories, using observational data, and performing experiments in both the field and the laboratory. Evolution is a cornerstone of modern science, accepted as one of the most reliably established of all facts and theories of science, based on evidence not just from the biological sciences but also from anthropology, psychology, astrophysics, chemistry, geology, physics, mathematics, and other scientific disciplines, as well as behavioral and social sciences. Understanding of evolution has made significant contributions to humanity, including the prevention and treatment of human disease, new agricultural products, industrial innovations, a subfield of computer science, and rapid advances in life sciences. Discoveries in evolutionary biology have made a significant impact not just in the traditional branches of biology but also in other academic disciplines (e.g., biological anthropology and evolutionary psychology) and in society at large.