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C.P. Bio - Ch. 2 Chemistry Review
Warm-Up
Name ________________
Review once again the basic chemistry in Chapter 2.1 The Nature of Matter
All things, whether living (b________) or nonliving (a_________) are made of the same
substance  m___________________
Matter:
1) has __________________
2) takes up s___________________
3) cannot be ______________ or ______________
The smallest unit of matter is called _______________
A substance made of only one kind of atoms is called ________________
WHAT ARE ATOMS MADE OF?
Label the atomic particles
in the figure.
Label nucleus and
electron cloud
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Nearly all the MASS of an atom is in which part? ______________
Atomic mass = mass of ____________ + ________________
Mass of a proton = _______ amu (atomic mass unit)
Mass of a neutron = _______
Electron mass is so small it is not counted.
Nearly all the VOLUME of an atom is in ____________________________
Define: element _______________________________________________
Compound _____________________________________________________
Isotope _______________________________________________________
Radioactive isotope ______________________________________________
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WHICH ATOMIC PARTICLE DETERMINES THE CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF AN ATOM?
________________
Why? Because they determine how easily the atom will _______
with other atoms (“r___________________”)
- travel at high speed around the nucleus
- in layers (“shells”) called e__________ l__________
- form an electron “c____________” around the nucleus
- electrons farther from the nucleus have more energy
Outermost level that contains electrons is called v___________________
WHY DO ATOMS BOND TOGETHER?
Atoms want to have a filled ________________ level.
Why? A full valence makes the atom more s__________
How many electrons fill each energy level? OCTET RULE
Level 1 _______
Level 2 _______
Level 3 _______
Define chemical bond __________________________________________
Define chemical compound ____________________________________
Physical and chemical properties of a compound are (similar to/different from) the properties
of the elements that make the compound.
1)
Covalent bond = _____________________________
2)
Ionic bond
= __________________________________________
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CP BIO - CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEW
Chemical bond = _________________________________
1) Ionic bond
= ____________________________
a. How do ions form?
b. Atom which lost an electron has _______ charge
c. Atom which gain an electron has _______ charge
Each atom is now an “_i_____”
d. opposites attract  ___________________
__________________________________
e. ionic compounds are always what shape?
c___________
or l__________________
Why? Because alternating (+) and (-) charges
on ions forms a very ordered structure
f. Ionic compounds are referred to as s_________
IN WATER, the crystal ________________
a. this is called “d____________________”)
b. Ions in water can conduct electricity
-are often called “e_________________”
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2)
Covalent bond = two atoms _______________
one or more
pairs of valence electrons
a. Each atom contributes (one/ both/ either) electrons to the pair.
b. Covalent are the (strongest/weakest) kind of chemical bond.
c. Compounds with covalent bonds are called m_______________
3) How many bonds will an atom form?
Number of bonds = number of electrons needed to have
a full v__________________ level
4) How can you tell if a bond will be ionic or covalent?
a) If one atom needs a small number (ex. a nonmetal), and the other has only a few in
the valence (ex. a metal), the bond will be
_____________ (ex. NaCl)
b) If both atoms need a small number (ex. 2
nonmetals) to fill their valence, the bond will
be ___________ (ex. water molecule)
Intermolecular bonds – bonds between molecules
a. Some atoms have a strong ability to attract electrons They have high “e______________________”
b. If one atom has a stronger pull on e- than the other in a
covalent bond, the electrons (will/won’t) be shared equally by
the two atoms. (ex. water molecule)
c. A molecule with charged areas is called “p)__________”
d. Charged areas on polar molecules can be (repelled attracted to) oppositelycharged areas on nearby molecules, forming weak inter-m_______________
bonds.
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