Download Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise Important Laws: 1

Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
Final exercise
Important Laws:
1) Complete oscillation includes four amplitudes.
2) Periodic time =
3) Frequency =
4) Frequency (f) =
5) Frequency × periodic time = 1
6) Wave velocity (v) =
7) Wave length =
8) Wave velocity (v) = Frequency (f) × wave length ()
Important units:
1) Amplitude  metre (m) centimeter (cm)
2) Periodic time  second (sec.)
3) Frequency  Hertz (Hz)
4) Kilo Hertz = 103 Hz
Mega Hertz = 106 Hz
Giga Hertz = 109 Hz
5) Wave length  metre (m)
Millimeter (mill) = 10-3 metre
6) Wave velocity 
m/sec
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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
Important graphs:
1) Relation between frequency and periodic time
(inverse)
frequency
Periodic
time
2) Relation between frequency and wave length
(inverse)
f

3) Relation between velocity (v) and frequency (f)
(direct)
v
f
4) Relation between velocity (v) and wave length ()
Direct
v

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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
Important laws:
1) Sound frequency (f) =
× number of gear’s teeth (n)
Savart’s wheel is used to determine the frequency of an unknown tone.
2) Speed of rotation =
3) Inverse square law of sound
I
I : intensity of sound
D: distance between that point and the sound source
4) The velocity of sound (v) =
v=
5) The depth of sea
Depth = velocity of ultra sonic waves × echo time
D=v×
Important graphs:
1) The relation between intensity of sound and distance square.
Inverse – square law of sound
I
d2
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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
2) The relation between amplitude and intensity of sound.
I
Direct relation
(Amp)2
3) Sound intensity is directly proportional to the density of medium which travels
sounds.
4) When sound ray is incident perpendicular to a reflecting surface, it reflects itself
because the angle of incidence = angle of reflection = zero
Important laws:
1) Energy of photon = Planck's constant × frequency of photon
2) Absolute refractive index of medium =
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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
Important drawing:
(1)
Regular reflection
Irregular reflection
Perpendicular to the
reflecting surface
(2) Reflection
Angle of
incidence
Reflection
surface
Angle of
reflection
Point of
incidence
Angle of
incidence
(3) Light ray travels from:
Medium (1) < medium (2)
Air
Lower than
In optical density it refracts
Glass
- near the normal
- angle of incidence is > angle of refraction
Angle of
reflection
a greater than
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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
(4) Light travels from:
Medium (1) > medium (2) in
greater than
- optical density, it refracts far from the normal.
 angle of incidence is < angle of refraction
less than
Note:
glass > water > Air in optical density
(5) light ray falls perpendicular it pass the
Air
other medium without refraction
Glass
(6) Critical angle and total internal reflection Air
Angle of
reflection
Air
Water
Angle of
incidence
less critical
angle
Refracted
ray
Critical
angle
Air
Air
90
Total
reflection
Water
Wat
er
Angle of
incidence =
critical
angle
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Angle of
incidence >
critical
angle
Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
Important graphs:
(1)
- relation between energy frequency of light wave
Directly
E
F
(2)
I
- inverse square
law of light
d2
(3)
- Relation between angle of reflection &
angle of incidence
(Direct)
Angle of reflection
Angle of
incidence
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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
(3) Compare between:
1) Mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves.
Mechanical
Electromagnetic
1- They need medium to propagate.
2- They do not need medium to
propagate.
2- They don’t propagate through vacuum
(free space)
2- They propagate through vacuum (free
space)
3- They are transverse waves or
longitudinal waves.
3- They are all transverse waves.
4- Their speed is relatively low.
Examples: sound waves (longitudinal) –
water waves (transverse)
4- Their speed is great the speed of
light = 3 × 108 m/sec
Examples: light waves – radio waves (used
in radars)
2) Transverse and Longitudinal waves
Point of comparison
1- Definition
2- Composition
3- Examples
transverse
Longitudinal
It is a disturbance in which
the particles of medium
vibrate perpendicular to the
direction of wave propagation.
It is a disturbance in which
the particles of medium
vibrate along the direction of
wave propagation.
crests and troughs
compressions and
rarefactions
water waves
Sound waves
3) Oscillatory and wave motion
Points of
comparison
Oscillatory
Wave
1- Definition
- it is the motion that is produced
by oscillating body at the two sides
of its original position.
- It is the motion produced as a
result of the vibration of the
medium particles at a certain
moment and in a definite
direction.
2- Velocity
- is maximum when the oscillating
body passes its rest position.
- is minimum when it goes far from
its rest position.
- the wave has a definite velocity
along the direction of
propagation.
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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
3- Examples
- Pendulum motion
- motion of spiral spring
- sound waves as mechanical
longitudinal wave.
- light waves as electro-magnetic
transverse waves.
(2) Compare between:
1) Transparent, translucent and opaque medium.
Transparent medium
translucent medium
opaque medium.
- permits most light to
pass trough
- objects can be seen
clearly through it.
- Ex: Air – glass cup
- permits only a part of light to
pass through and absorb the
remaining part.
- objects can be seen through
translucent medium less clearly
than the transparent one.
- Ex: tissue paper – flint glass
- doesn’t permit light to
pass through.
-objects can’t be seen
through opaque medium.
- Ex: foil paper – milk –
wood - cartoon
2) Regular and Irregular reflection
Regular reflection
Irregular reflection
- light fall on smooth surface
- incident light ray are reflected in one
direction
- light fall on rough refracting surface
- incident light ray are reflected
indifferent directions (scattering)
Question (1) Complete the following:
1-Examples of the periodic motion are --------------- and ---------------2-oscillatory motion is -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3- The pots to be used inside the microwaves oven should be made of ---------------- or
----------------4-The ------------------ motion is considered the simplest form off oscillatory motion.
5- Properties of oscillatory motion are expressed in terms of many concepts like --------------------------------------, -------------------6-the measuring unit of amplitude is -----------------7- The maximum displacement achieved by oscillating body away from its point of rest is
called --------------------
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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
8-periodic time is --------------------------------------9-Periodic time = -------------- \ ----------10-Frequency = ---------------------- \ ------------------11-Frequency is measured in ------------------------12-Kilohertz = ---------------------- Hertz
13- Megahertz = --------------------Hertz
14-Gigahertz = ------------------------Hertz
15-Amplitude is ----------------------------------------------------------16-frequency is the ------------------------------ of periodic time.
17- Use your ruler to calculate the amplitude in the following figures:
Amplitude = --------------------
Amplitude = --------------------
Amplitude = --------------------
18-Periodic time is measured in --------------------------19- Frequency × periodic time = ---------------------------20-the ------------------- scientist ------------------- has declared the unit of
frequency.
21- 3 Megahertz = ---------------------Hertz
22- 5 Hertz = --------------------- Kilohertz
23 - The movement of earth's crust during earthquakes is considered as
------------------------ motion.
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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
Question (2) Solve the following problems:
1- Calculate the periodic time and frequency for an oscillating body that makes 300
complete oscillations in a half a minute.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 - in the opposite figure:
What is the periodic time?
----------------------------------------------
2 seconds
3- Calculate the frequency if:
No. of complete oscillations = 40 in a time = 4 sec.
----------------------------------------------No. of complete oscillations = 30 in a time = 2 sec.
---------------------------------------------------4- If the max. Displacement done by the oscillating body away from its original position is 0.2
cm which is made in 0.5 second.
Calculate its amplitude and the periodic time.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5-calculate the periodic time of an oscillating body which makes 240 oscillations in one minute.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
Question (3) Choose the correct answer:
1-The movement of molecules is considered a ---------- motion.
(Oscillatory – wave – vibration)
2-Megahertz = ------------------ Hertz.
(103 – 106 – 1012)
3-Periodic time is a reciprocal of -------------------(Amplitude – frequency – velocity)
4- (1) is the result of -----------------(F×T - F÷T - T÷F - T+F )
5-the complete oscillation means that the oscillating body passes a single point -----------successive times.
(Two – three – four)
6-Number of amplitudes in one complete oscillation are ----------------(Three – two – six)
7-If the periodic time equals 4 seconds, the frequency = ------------(0.35 – 0.25 – 0.45)
8-The number of complete oscillations that the oscillating body makes in one second is known
as -------------------(Frequency – amplitude – wavelength)
9-Frequency is measured in --------------(Sec. – Newton – Hertz)
10-one of the following represents the oscillatory motion which is --------------(Tuning fork – stretched string – rotator bee)
Question (4) on the next graph papers, represent the oscillating motion for:
1- Pendulum with max. Displacement = 3 cm making one complete oscillation.
2- Pendulum with max. Displacement = 4 cm making half oscillation.
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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
Question (5) Define each of the following:
1- The periodic motion.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2- The periodic time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------3- The amplitude.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------4- The oscillatory motion.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------5- The complete oscillation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------6- The frequency.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question (1) Write the scientific term:
The waves that need materialistic medium in order to propagate.
(
--------------------------------
)
The disturbance that propagates and transfers energy in the direction of propagation.
(
--------------------------------
)
The movement resulting from the vibration of the medium particles at a certain moment in a
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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
specific direction.
(
--------------------------------
)
The disturbance which causes the particles of the medium to vibrate perpendicular to
(
the direction of wave propagation.
)
--------------------------------
( -------------------------------- )
( -------------------------------- )
( -------------------------------- )
The waves that propagate through spac
The highest point in the transverse wave.
The lowest point in the transverse wave
The point of highest density and pressure in the longitudinal wave.
(
--------------------------------
)
The point of lowest density and pressure in the longitudinal wave.
(
--------------------------------
)
The disturbance which causes the particles of the medium to vibrate along the
(
direction of wave propagation.
--------------------------------
)
The maximum displacement achieved by the particles of the medium away from
(
their points of rest.
--------------------------------
)
The distance between centers of 2 consecutive compressions or rarefactions.
(
The distance covered in unit time.
--------------------------------
(
)
--------------------------------
)
Question (2) put (√) or (×) with correction:
1-the propagation of concentric circles on the surface of water represents oscillatory motion.
(
)
2-when the tuning fork vibrates, the produced energy transferred in the form of sound
waves.
(
)
3-wave is the disturbance that propagates and transfers energy against the direction of
propagation.
(
)
4-the direction of progressing of the wave is known as amplitude.
(
)
5-in the longitudinal waves, the particles of medium vibrate perpendicular the direction of
wave propagation.
(
)
6- Radio waves and sound waves are from examples of mechanical waves.
(
)
7-rarefaction is the point of lowest density and pressure in the longitudinal
(
)
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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
8-Nanometer = 10-6 meter.
(
)
9-the velocity of waves is constant in different media.
(
)
Question (3) Complete the following:
1-waves are classified according to the direction of vibration of medium particles into -------------------------and --------------------------2-in the transverse waves, the particles of the medium vibrates ------------------ to the direction of wave propagation.
3- Electromagnetic waves have the advantage of propagation in space with a velocity equals ------------------4-From examples of the mechanical waves are ------------------, ------------------and --------------------5- Crest is the ----------- point in the transverse wave.
6-in the following figure; complete the labels the answer the questions:
a) The figure represents --------------------- wave.
b) The point of highest density and pressure is called --------------------
------------------------
-------------------------
7-Wavelength is measured by a symbol ------------------8-Infrared rays one of the ---------------------------waves.
9-velocity = ------------- \ --------------- and its unit is ----------------10-Rresonance is ------------------------------------------------------------11-transverse and longitudinal waves are examples of --------------------- waves.
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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
Question (4) Solve the following problems:
1- If the distance covered by the wave in meters is 340, in a time taken equals 2 sec.
Calculate the velocity of the wave. And in which medium does this wave move through?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2- If the frequency of a visible light wave = 6×108 Megahertz .calculate the frequency in
Hertz.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3- The velocity of the propagation of a sound wave though wood is 1800 m/sec. find the
frequency of the sound source if the wavelength of the produced wave is 6m.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- If the frequency of a sound wave in air is 660 Hertz, and the distance between the
centers of the second and the seventh compression is 2.5 meters, calculate the velocity
of the sound through air.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question (5) Compare between each of the following:
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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
Point of
comparison
Point of comparison
Transverse wave
Oscillatory motion
Longitudinal wave
Wave motion
Question (6) Define each of the following:
1- Wave frequency.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2- Transverse wave.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3- The wavelength of the transverse wave.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4- The amplitude of the wave.
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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5- The compression.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6- The troug
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7- The wave velocity.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8- The rarefaction.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9- Longitudinal wave.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10- The crest.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11- Wave motion.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12- The wave.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Question (1): Complete the following:
1-light waves are …………………………… transverse waves which can travel through
free space with velocity = ………………………….
.
2-light waves are formed from ………………………………… and ……………………………..
3-wavelengths of the visible light ranging between …………………………and………………………
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Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
4-the first Arabic scientist who established the science of light is ………………………………………
5-The main source of light energy on earth's surface is ………………………
6-white light consists of a mixture of ………. Colors which are known as …………..………………
7-rainbow colors are arranged in order as …..………….. , ……..……... , …..………… , …………....
,……………… , ………..……… , …………..…….
.
8-the longest wavelength is for the ………….. color of the spectrum seven colors.
9-The German scientist …………………… proved that the energy of light waves is composed of
energy quanta known as ……………………….
10-Photon energy = plank's constant × …………………………
11-Objects can't be seen behind the ……………………. medium.
12-Examples of the transparent medium …………………. , …………………. and ……………………..
13-Opaque objects such as …………………….. , ……………………. and ………………………
14-Light travels in ……………………. lines.
15-Light intensity of a surface ………………………. as the distance between the surface and the
light source increase.
16-Spectrum colors starts with ……………….. color and ends with ………………….. color.
Question (2): Put (√) or (×):
1-Light waves are formed from compressions and rarefactions.
(
2-Faraday is the first scientist who explained how vision occurs.
)
(
)
3-when the white light falls on a glass prism it reflects.
4-the lowest frequent color of the spectrum colors is the red.
5-orange color locates between green and indigo colors.
(
(
)
)
(
)
6-the energy of the photon is inversely proportional to the frequency
of the light wave.
(
)
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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
7-By increasing the thickness of the transparent medium, the quantity of light that passes
through is increases.
(
)
8-tissue paper is an example of translucent medium.
9-Light travels in zigzag lines.
(
(
)
)
Question (3): Write the scientific term for each of the following:
1) The medium in which most of light can pass through.
(……………………………….)
2) One of the components of electromagnetic spectrum of wavelength ranges between 380 –
700 nanometers.
(……………………………….)
3) A structure used to separate the white light into seven spectrum colors.(……………………………….)
4) The quantity of light falling perpendicular to a unit area of a surface in one second.
(……………………………….)
Question (4): Mention the properties of light:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Question (5): Define the following:
1-Light.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2-the speed of light.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3-the visible light.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4-Analysis of white light.
……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………..
5-transparent medium.
..........................................................................................................................................
6-translucent (semi-transparent) medium.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7-Opaque medium.
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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8-Light intensity.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9-The inverse square law of light.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Question (1): Write the scientific term:
1- The rebounding of light waves in the same medium on meeting a reflecting surface.
(………………………………..)
2-the reflection of light rays when they meet a smooth surface and glistening reflecting
surface.
(………………………………..)
3-the reflection of light rays in which the incident light rays are reflected in different
directions.
(………………………………..)
4-A type of reflection takes place on a dirty plane mirror.
(………………………………..)
5-the angle between the reflected light ray and the line perpendicular to the reflecting
surface at the point of incidence.
(………………………………..)
6-the narrow beam which is represented by a straight line, it intersects with reflecting
surface at the point of incidence.
(………………………………..)
7-the change of light path when it travels from a transparent medium to another.
(………………………………..)
8-The ratio between the absolute refractive index of a medium to the absolute refractive
index of another medium.
(………………………………..)
Question (2): Complete the following:
1-The surface at which the reflection takes place is called ………..…………
2-there are two types of reflection they are ……………………………….. and ……………………………..
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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
3-Examples of the smooth surfaces are ………………………. and ……………………..while for rough
surfaces …………………….and………………………..
4-the second law of light reflection is
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5-if the angle between the reflected light ray and the perpendicular to the reflecting surface
is 35˚, the incidence angle is ……………………
6- Periscope is used in ………………………………………………………………………………
7-Optical fibers are used in medicine as they are used in manufacture of
……………………………………………….
8-the distance between the earth and the moon can be estimated by
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9-As optical density of the medium increases the speed of light through it ………………………….
10-the angle of refraction is
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
11-The ratio between the velocity of light through air to the velocity of light through
another transparent medium is known as ……………………………………….
12-Optical fibers transmit light by ……………… internal reflection.
Question (3): What is meant by each of the following?
1-The reflected light ray.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2-Angle of incidence.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3-light reflection.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
4-Optical density of the medium.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5-angle of emergence=60˚.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6-The absolute refractive index of glass is 1.5
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7-Total internal reflection.
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Ms. Marim
Science 2nd prep 2nd term final exercise
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
8-Mirage phenomenon.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9-Rainbow.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Question (4): Correct the underline words:
1-If the refractive index of a medium is low; this means that its optical density is high.
{………………………………..}
2-By increasing the angle of incidence gradually, the angle of refraction will be constant.
{………………………………..}
3-The critical angle is the angle of reflection of a light ray.
4-Mirage is a natural phenomenon that takes place in water.
{………………………………..}
{………………………………..}
Question (5): Mention the natural phenomena that are related to reflection and
reflection of light:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
My Best Wishes,
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Ms. Marim