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Chapter 9 Vocabulary
Motion and Energy
Lesson 1
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Position – the location of an object
Motion – a change in position over time
Frame of reference – a group of objects from which you can measure a position or the motion
Speed – how fast an object’s position changes over time
Velocity – the measurement that combines both the speed and the direction of a moving object
Acceleration – the change in velocity over time for an object
Momentum – the product of mass multiplied by velocity
Lesson 2
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Force – any push of pull from one object to another
Friction – a force that opposes the motion of one object moving past another
Balanced forces – when forces act on an object without changing its motion
Unbalanced forces – a force that causes an object to change its motion
Action force – the push of the 1st object on the second
Reaction force – the push of the second object back on the first
Lesson 3
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Energy – the ability to perform work or to change an object
Potential energy – the energy that is stored in the position or the structure of an object
Chemical potential energy – the energy in the links between atoms and molecules (food)
Elastic potential energy – the energy stored by something that can stretch or compress (spring,
rubber band)
5. Gravitational potential energy – the energy of an object possesses due to its position above
earth’s surface
6. Kinetic energy – the energy of a moving object
Lesson 4
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Wavelength – the distance between one peak and the next in a wave
Photon – a tiny bundle of energy by which light travels
Reflection – the term for any wave that hits a surface and bounces off
Absorption – the transfer of energy when a wave disappears into a surface
Refraction – the bending of waves as they pass from one substance into another
Prism – a cut piece of clear glass or plastic in the form of a triangle or other geometric shape
Spectrum – the band of color in a rainbow, or from a light passing through a prism
Electromagnetism – the way in which electric and magnetic forces interact