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Cells
1. Which of the following is the only cell organelle that is capable of converting light energy into chemical energy?
A. mitochondrion
B. vacuole
C. chloroplast
D. endoplasmic reticulum
2. Some prokaryotes and eukaryotes have whip-like projections that help propel the cell through liquid.
What is the name of this whip-like projection?
A. a cilium
B. a villus
C. a flagellum
D. a pilus
3. Which of the following organelles convert solar energy into glucose and oxygen?
A. endoplasmic reticuli
B. chloroplasts
C. vacuoles
D. mitochondria
4. Which of a cell's organelles releases energy stored in food?
A. endoplasmic reticulum
B. mitochondria
C. chloroplasts
D. lysosomes
5. What are the most basic building blocks of all organisms?
A. cells
B. organs
C. muscles
D. bones
6. Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic, and thus they are similar in many ways. However, plant
cells have some structures that are not present in animal cells. Which of the following structures
are not found in animal cells?
A. cell wall, Golgi complex, and ribosomes
B. chloroplasts, an endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes
C. cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole
D. chloroplasts, a large vacuole, and an endoplasmic reticulum
7.
What cellular barrier is found only in plants, algae, fungi, and some kinds of prokaryotes?
A. a nuclear envelope
B. a cell wall
C. a plasma membrane
D. a cell membrane
8. Which of the following organelles stores information and is considered the control center of the
cell?
A. nucleus
B. mitochondrion
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi complex
9. In the above diagram of an animal cell, what is the function of structure 2?
A. contains digestive enzymes that help rid the cell of old organelles, food particles, or viruses/bacteria
B. gives the cell structural support, encloses the cytoplasm, and helps regulate what enters and exits
the cell
C. serves as the control center of the cell and stores the cell's genetic information
D. contains the cell's organelles and is the site where many cellular processes are performed
10. Which of the following biological processes occurs in a cell's mitochondria?
A. cellular respiration
B. photosynthesis
C. protein synthesis
D. protein digestion
11. A plant's cell wall is made of cellulose fibers. What is the purpose of a plant's cell
wall?
A. to allow the plant to stand upright
B. to allow the plant to store water
C. to allow the plant to perform photosynthesis
D. to allow carbon dioxide to diffuse across the cell membrane
12. Some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a cellular structure called a flagella. What is the
purpose of the flagella?
A. to transport molecules across the cell membrane
B. to tell the cell the direction of a food source
C. to collect food for the cell
D. to propel the cell through liquid
13. In the above diagram of a plant cell, what is the function of structure 2?
A. serves as the control center of the cell and contains the cell's genetic information
B. serves a variety of secretory, excretory, and storage roles
C. provides structural support to the cell
D. captures energy from the Sun and makes food through photosynthesis
14. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many differences, but they also share some common features.
Which of the following may be found in either type of cell?
A. Golgi bodies
B. mitochondria
C. cell walls
D. nuclei
15. Proteins are the building blocks of all the tissues in the body. Which of the following cell organelles
are directly responsible for making and packaging proteins?
A. ribosomes and lysosomes
B. endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes
C. mitochondria, Golgi complex, and ribosomes
D. ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex
16. Which of the following cells most likely came from a plant?
W.
X.
Y.
Z.
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
17. Many protozoa have tiny hair-like structures that beat back and forth to aid a protozoa's movement.
What are these hair-like structures called?
A. hydrophilic hairs
B. whips
C. pseudopods
D. cilia
18. Within cells there is an intricate network of
functions.
A. lysosomes
B. chromosomes
C. vacuoles
D. organelles
that all have unique
“Cells” Answers
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. D
13. D
14. C
15. D
16. D
17. D
18. D
“Cellular Processes” Answers
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. B
Cellular Processes
1. Below is an image of a plant cell.
What processes require the chloroplasts and mitochondria to interact with one another?
A. photosynthesis and respiration
B. electron transport and proton induction
C. glycolysis and fermentation
D. mitosis and meiosis
2.
Osmosis causes water to move from areas of low salt concentration to areas of high salt
concentration.
The internal NaCl concentration of red blood cells is 0.9 M. The diagram below shows red blood cells
submerged in solutions of four different NaCl concentrations—0 M, 0.65 M, 0.9 M, and 2 M.
Which of the diagrams shows red blood cells in the 0.65 M solution?
A. 4
B. 2
C. 1
D. 3
3. Cells use __________ to take in large molecules or other cells.
A. passive transport by diffusion
B. active transport by endocytosis
C. active transport by carrier proteins
D. passive transport by osmosis
4. For a cell to maintain the appropriate balance of materials inside and outside of the cell, materials
must be able to move in and out of the cell. The degree in which materials are able to flow freely
through a cell's membrane is known as
A. transpiration.
B. permeability.
C. reabsorption.
D. oxidation.
Look at the diagram below.
5.
The yellow box represents a cell with a semi-permeable membrane. The small, blue dots represent
molecules of water, and the larger, gray dots represent a solute such as sugar or salt. The membrane
is thin enough for water to pass through, but it is not thin enough for the solute to pass.
What will happen to the substances in this diagram to bring the concentrations closer to equilibrium?
A. The solute will flow into the cell from the surrounding environment.
B. Water will flow into the cell from the surrounding environment.
C. Nothing will change--it is already in equilibrium.
D. Water will flow out of the cell and into the surrounding environment.
6. Which pair of the following cell organelles are responsible for disposing of cellular
waste?
A. the Golgi complex and ribosomes
B. the Golgi complex and lysosomes
C. the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes
D. the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes
7.
Cells must be able to dispose of wastes in order to maintain their homeostasis. Which of the
following methods do most cells use in order to dispose of large molecules of waste materials?
A. endocytosis
B. exocytosis
C. Osmosis
D. ion channels
8. Materials are able to move across a cell membrane through one of two methods:
active transport or passive transport. What is the difference between active
transport and passive transport?
A. Active transport is the only form of transport that requires the use of protein carriers.
B. Active transport requires the cell to expend energy, while passive transport does not.
C. Active transport requires the cell to form vesicles, while passive transport requires the use of
membrane pumps.
D. Passive transport is the only form of transport that requires the use of protein carriers.
Heredity, Gene Expression & Mutations
1.
The pedigree shown above is based on a family with freckles (filled circles or
squares) or lacking freckles (empty circles or squares). Freckles are determined
by one gene locus. Which of the following statements about freckles is most
likely to be correct?
A. Freckles are a sex-linked dominant allele.
B. Freckles are a sex-linked recessive allele.
C. Freckles are an autosomal dominant allele.
D. Freckles are an autosomal recessive allele.
2. Punnett squares depict the genotypes of two parents and are used to predict the
inherited traits of offspring. Which of the following would be the missing
predicted trait in the table below?
A. AA
B. AO
C. OA
D. OO
3. Which of the following is the most likely side effect of the overusage of
pesticides?
A. The insect population will become extinct.
B. Pesticide-resistant pests will survive, reproduce and flourish.
C. Insects will taste bad to consumers, so they won't be eaten.
D. Plants will eventually develop natural resistance to pests.
4. The allele for cystic fibrosis is recessive. What does this mean?
A. The allele for cystic fibrosis is only passed along when a person carrying it is homozygous for it.
B. Cystic fibrosis can be carried in a heterozygote and kill a homozygous offspring.
C. Cystic fibrosis will kill any person with that allele.
D. Cystic fibrosis never affects anyone with the allele--it is only carried.
5.
B
B
B
?
?
b
?
?
Examine the Punnett square above. The letters represents the genotypes of a
male and a female pear tree. What are the possible genetic variations that occur
in their offspring?
A. BB, Bb, and bb
B. only Bb
C. BB, Bb
D. only BB
6. ______ is a source of genetic variation that refers to a random error in the
genetic code.
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. A mutation
D. Fertilization
7. The allele for brown hair (B) is dominant to the allele for blonde hair (b). Thus, a
man with brown hair and a woman with blonde hair could produce children with
which genotype(s)?
I. BB
II. Bb
III. bb
A. I, II, and III
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. II only
8. Punnett squares depict the genotypes of two parents and are used to predict the
inherited traits of offspring. Which of the following would be the missing
predicted trait in the table below?
A. AA
B. AO
C. OA
D. OO
Cell Growth, Division & Specialization
1.
One of the stages of mitosis is shown above. Which diagram below best represents the stage
of mitosis that comes next?
W.
X.
Y.
Z.
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
2. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to continue to grow and divide in their
nonspecialized state for long periods of time (e.g., months or years).
Although the genes found within stem cells are very similar to each other, they differentiate into unique
cell types (e.g., muscle cells, nerve cells, etc.) due to
A. different patterns in their gene expression.
B. meiotic division and fertilization.
C. random segregation and proliferation.
D. mutations in their genetic code.
3. Which of the following is true about the cells of the human body?
A. The genetic information contained in cells differs between cell types.
B. Environmental factors cannot influence the development of a cell.
C. All cells in the human body are shaped like discs and contain one nucleus.
D. Different cells perform different cellular functions within the human body.
4. During a cell's development, it differentiates.
How does differentiation occur?
A. Certain genes are turned on and others are turned off; this action produces adult cells that
are specialized.
B. As a cell matures, genes that are not necessary to its function are ejected out of the cell
through active transport.
C. A developing cell receives hormonal messages from endocrine glands that instruct the cell's
chromosomes.
D. A developing cell's function is determined by the number of organelles it contains.
5. What is the name of the process that appears in the diagram below?
A. meiosis
B. mitosis
C. differentiation
D. fertilization
6. Cells within an organism can be very different from one another. For example, human red blood cells
are filled with hemoglobin, are shaped like biconcave discs, lack a cell nucleus, and cannot synthesize
proteins. Human muscle cells, on the other hand, are cylindrical in shape and have multiple nuclei.
Cell specialization in the human body is usually due to
A. mistakes that occur during DNA replication that result in framework mutations in the cells.
B. radiation by high energy photons that mutates the cells of the body into different shapes.
C. different cells within the human body containing different, unique DNA sequences.
D. different cells within the human body exhibiting different patterns of gene expression.
7. The picture below shows the fetuses of different vertebrates at varying intervals of development.
Which of the following can be concluded by studying the above images?
A. All animals, vertebrates and invertebrates, develop in the same manner.
B. Patterns of human development are similar to those of other vertebrates.
C. All vertebrates develop to look exactly the same as each other.
D. Different species of animals have completely different developmental patterns.
8. During embryonic development, cells __________ and become more
__________.
A. decrease in number, generalized
B. increase in number, generalized
C. increase in number, specialized
D. decrease in number, specialized
9. When a body cell divides through the process of mitosis, the chromosomes in the
daughter cells
A. are identical to the chromosomes of the parent cell.
B. are formed when chromosomes from the parent cell cross over.
C. are only half of the chromosomes in the parent cell.
D. represent only the healthiest chromosomes from the parent cell.
10. When a cell has become too __________, nutrients can no longer be imported in
sufficient quantities, and wastes can no longer be exported efficiently.
A. active
B. specialized
C. large
D. small
11. Which of the following drawings shows interphase and the stages of mitosis in
the correct order?
A.
B.
C.
D.
12. Daughter cells produced when cells undergo mitosis are genetically _______,
and daughter cells produced when cells undergo meiosis are
genetically _______.
A. perfect, flawed
B. identical, diverse
C. flawed, perfect
D. diverse, identical
13. Before a cell divides, what happens to the genetic information in that cell?
A. The information is duplicated.
B. The information is deleted.
C. The information is completely changed.
D. The information is selectively mutated.
14. Alex is studying a population of fifty organisms that belong to the same species. Some of the
organisms have dark spots, some have light spots, some have no spots, and some have stripes.
How does this species reproduce, most likely?
A. using sexual reproduction
B. using both sexual and asexual reproduction
C. the species does not reproduce
D. using asexual reproduction
“Cell Growth, Division, and Specialization”
Answers
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. C
11. B
12. A
13. A
14. D