Download Chapter 16 Study Guide - Liberty Hill Junior High

Chapter 16 Study Guide
Fort Sumter – fort located in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina -Civil War begins
with the open shots on this fort – this event triggered the fighting between the North and
the South
George McClellan – cautious Union commander failed to capture the Confederate capital
of Richmond and was fired by Lincoln as a result …. Lincoln complained that he was
too slow to react and take advantage of situations in war - He was however a very good
soldier and he properly trained the army to follow orders – well liked by the Union troops
Robert E. Lee – a talented military officer who resigned from the US Army and became
the commanding general of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia
New Orleans – capturing of this city advanced the Union’s goal of dividing the
Confederacy in two
Antietam – the bloodiest one-day battle in American history when Union forces stopped a
Confederate invasion of the North
King Cotton – the South’s strategy to try and win support from foreign countries like
France and Great Britain depended on its cotton crop production important in the world
market
Rifles with minie balls – a change in military technology which most affected the average
soldier and increased the casualty rate
Washington, D.C. – it that would have been surrounded by the Confederacy if Maryland
had seceded
Ulysses S. Grant – he commanded Union forces at Shiloh, Tennessee, and was criticized
after that battle for the high number of casualties suffered by the army
How did Americans feel about the Civil War before the fighting began?
1. some border states did not want to supply troops or fight against slave states
2. both sides thought it would be a short war
3. Confederate leaders hoped the North would accept secession.
What was the Northern strategy for winning the Civil War?
1. blockade of the southern ports
2. Anaconda Plan to divide the Confederacy in two sections
The 5 border states are: Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware
Border states sided with the North, but continued to support slavery
Blockade – Ships block other ships from coming or going out of a seaport – purpose: to
weaken the South’s economy by cutting off its trade
The North had advantages over the South in the Civil War:
1. the North had a superior railway system, which could efficiently transport troops and
supplies
The South had many disadvantages when the war began:
1. it had a poor internal transportation system because it depended on exports
2. slavery reduced the number of omen available to serve in the army
3. the South did not have the industries in needed to make war supplies
The South had the advantage of not having to invade and conquer the North in
order to win the war. – Northern troops were better trained, equipped with rifles and
cannons, and the US capital was very close to the Confederacy.
Farmers made up the largest group of Civil War soldiers – about half of the Union forces
and about half of the Confederate forces were farmers
Military hygiene during the Civil War hurt the troops – made camp life difficult– they
had frequent bouts of diarrhea due to germs in food and water – diseases spread through
camp because of unsanitary practices
Rifles with minie balls were one technological improvement which made the Civil War
much deadlier than earlier American wars
New Orleans, Louisiana, largest city in the South and a major port – when it was captured
by the Union …..MOST, NOT ALL.. of the Mississippi River was in Union hands there
was a 150 mile stretch left in confederate hands, it was guarded by a fort at Vicksburg,
Mississippi
After the Seven Days’ Battles …. Lee was victorious, McClellan had to retreat,
Richmond was saved from capture by the Union ….. it was important to invade the
North - Lee wanted the war out of Virginia to give the farmers a rest so they could
harvest their crops - the Confederates could raid Northern farms and get their food –
To try and convince Lincoln to make peace with the South