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Chapter 16 Study Guide Fort Sumter – fort located in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina -Civil War begins with the open shots on this fort – this event triggered the fighting between the North and the South George McClellan – cautious Union commander failed to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond and was fired by Lincoln as a result …. Lincoln complained that he was too slow to react and take advantage of situations in war - He was however a very good soldier and he properly trained the army to follow orders – well liked by the Union troops Robert E. Lee – a talented military officer who resigned from the US Army and became the commanding general of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia New Orleans – capturing of this city advanced the Union’s goal of dividing the Confederacy in two Antietam – the bloodiest one-day battle in American history when Union forces stopped a Confederate invasion of the North King Cotton – the South’s strategy to try and win support from foreign countries like France and Great Britain depended on its cotton crop production important in the world market Rifles with minie balls – a change in military technology which most affected the average soldier and increased the casualty rate Washington, D.C. – it that would have been surrounded by the Confederacy if Maryland had seceded Ulysses S. Grant – he commanded Union forces at Shiloh, Tennessee, and was criticized after that battle for the high number of casualties suffered by the army How did Americans feel about the Civil War before the fighting began? 1. some border states did not want to supply troops or fight against slave states 2. both sides thought it would be a short war 3. Confederate leaders hoped the North would accept secession. What was the Northern strategy for winning the Civil War? 1. blockade of the southern ports 2. Anaconda Plan to divide the Confederacy in two sections The 5 border states are: Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware Border states sided with the North, but continued to support slavery Blockade – Ships block other ships from coming or going out of a seaport – purpose: to weaken the South’s economy by cutting off its trade The North had advantages over the South in the Civil War: 1. the North had a superior railway system, which could efficiently transport troops and supplies The South had many disadvantages when the war began: 1. it had a poor internal transportation system because it depended on exports 2. slavery reduced the number of omen available to serve in the army 3. the South did not have the industries in needed to make war supplies The South had the advantage of not having to invade and conquer the North in order to win the war. – Northern troops were better trained, equipped with rifles and cannons, and the US capital was very close to the Confederacy. Farmers made up the largest group of Civil War soldiers – about half of the Union forces and about half of the Confederate forces were farmers Military hygiene during the Civil War hurt the troops – made camp life difficult– they had frequent bouts of diarrhea due to germs in food and water – diseases spread through camp because of unsanitary practices Rifles with minie balls were one technological improvement which made the Civil War much deadlier than earlier American wars New Orleans, Louisiana, largest city in the South and a major port – when it was captured by the Union …..MOST, NOT ALL.. of the Mississippi River was in Union hands there was a 150 mile stretch left in confederate hands, it was guarded by a fort at Vicksburg, Mississippi After the Seven Days’ Battles …. Lee was victorious, McClellan had to retreat, Richmond was saved from capture by the Union ….. it was important to invade the North - Lee wanted the war out of Virginia to give the farmers a rest so they could harvest their crops - the Confederates could raid Northern farms and get their food – To try and convince Lincoln to make peace with the South