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Download Jefferson Davis` Wartime Strategy
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History of the Americas Snyder Civil War Jefferson Davis, Wartime Pres. Overall Strategy (1861) – Considering the overwhelming resource and troop advantage of the North 1. 2. 3. 4. Retreat when necessary in the face of a stronger enemy Go after isolated forces Avoid full scale battles that could result in annihilation . Prolong the war to wear out the superior army (strategy of winning but not losing) Why strategy did not work1. Demand by public and Confederate leadership to defend the South leading to the cordon defense (putting troops along the perimeter of the Confederacy including Gulf and Atlantic coast) – Historians believed that this stretched forces to thin 2. Southerners were not satisfied just to sit and wait. The Richmond Examiner said “The idea of waiting for blows, instead of inflicting them is altogether unsuited to the genius of our people” (McPherson 337) 3. Davis finally settled on an “offensive-defensive strategy” which meant defending the South by using interior lines of communication and then moving troops to repel invading forces and then when opportunities arise, invade the North Examples of the “offensive-defensive strategy” – 1. First Battle of Manasas (Battle of Bull Run), Virginia (July, 1861) July 18 the Union army sends 37,000 troops into Virginia (marches 25 miles into Virginia) General Beauregard of the Confederate troops got word from civilians of the troop movement and he ordered his men to form an 8 mile line along one side of Bull Creek near a railroad center called Manassas Junction Beauregard orders his men to cross the creek and surprises the Union troops General MacDowell of the Union Army ordered his men to attack the Confederate left and disrupted the positions of the Confederate troops. Chaos seemed to ensure. General Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson was waiting on a hill in the center of the Confederate line and ordered his men to charge. Confederate reinforcements followed Jackson as a great example of the charisma and boldness of the Confederate Army The Union troops retreated The orders were not to pursue the Union army which can be seen as inconsistent with Davis’ strategy however it did serve to give the Confederacy the confidence they needed over the next two years to plan for offensive actions 2. These offensive actions are best characterized by Battle of Antietam in September 1862 (incursion into Maryland) and Gettysburg in July 1963 (incursion into Pennsylvania). Both of these battles were unsuccessful in making serious inroads into the North and Border States