Download Notes: Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange

Name _____________________________________ Period ________ Date _________
Notes: Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange
I. Internal Transport in Invertebrates
A. Gastrovascular Cavities
ex) _________ - Simple, all cells bathed in fluid internal transport unnecessary
B. Open and ____________ Circulatory Systems (Figure 42.2)
i. *Both have circulatory fluid, blood __________, and a muscular pump
1. Open- Blood bathes internal organs directly
ii. _________________ = Blood + interstitial fluid
ex) _______________
iii. ______________ - Blood is confined to vessels ex) Annelids, Vertebrates
II. Circulation in Vertebrates
A. Vertebrate Schemes (Figure 42.3)
1. Fish- _____ chambered heart
Ventricle Gills Organs Atrium
2. Amphibians/ ____________- 3 chambered heart
1. *____________________ circulation = Pumped Twice
2. Ventricle Lungs + Skin ______ AtriumVentricleTo
OrgansRight Atrium
3. Birds/Mammals- _____ Chambered Heart
B. Same as Amphibians, except oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood doesn’t ______have right and left ventricles
C. The Heart
(Figure 42.5)
1. ________ - thin- walled, blood collectors
2. ____________-thick-walled, blood pumpers
3. Cardiac Cycle1. _____________ : Muscle contracts (contraction phase)
2. Diastole : Ventricles are filling (relaxation phase)
3. Valves- prevent _____________
4. ________ Valves- between each atrium and ventricle
5. Semilunar Valves- At 2 exits from heart
Name _____________________________________ Period ________ Date _________
6. Heart Rate = # of Heartbeats /Minute
D. Flow of Blood (Figure 42.4):
_________ Circuit: LV _____ Arteries Organs Superior+Inferior Vena CavaRA
_____________ Circuit: RV Pulmonary Artery ________  Pulmonary Veins LA
III. Excitation + Control of Lungs of the Heart (Figure 42.7)
A. Rate of contraction is set by SA Node (aka ___________)
B. AV Node between 2 atria delays contraction for 0.1 sec.(allows them to empty)
C. Blood Flows Slower in _____________ than in Arteries and Veins (Figure 42.10
IV. The ______________ System (Figure 42.13): Helps defend body against infection and
maintains volume of blood
A.
Capillaries lose ____________ of fluid and proteins/ day- returned to blood via
lymph system
B. Lymph vessels have valves that prevent backflow.
IV. Mammalian Blood (Figure 42.14)
A. Liquid Part= ____________ (55%)
1. 90% ___________
2. _______________ (inorganic salts)
3. Proteins
4. Plasma w/o Clotting Factors= Serum
5. Substances transported by the blood
eg) O2 and hormones
B. Blood Cells (45%)
1. ______________cytes (Red)
Transport oxygen via hemoglobin
a) small and abundant
b) no nuclei
c) formed in bone marrow
2. __________cytes (White) Fight infections
3. ____________ (Chips of cells)
C. Clotting
About a __________ factors
Blood clotting
Fibrinogen Fibrin (Figure 42.16)