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Chapter 18 and Chapter 19 Study Guide
1. Define the following
a. Shear Stress
b. Focus
c. Epicenter
d. Fault
e. Compression
f. Tension
2. Fill in the following chart
Seismic Waves
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Primary (P) Waves
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8.
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10.
11.
12.
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Surface Waves
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Rayleigh Waves
List the four types of waves in order from fastest to slowest
Which type of waves cause the most damage? Why?
Describe the movement for all four types of waves
Name of the fault line that runs along California and causes most of the CA earthquakes.
Name the Missouri fault that caused major earthquake between 1811 and 1812 and would
cause damage in Indiana if an earthquake occurred today.
Which city burnt down in an earthquake in 1906?
Most U.S. earthquake including the 1964 “Good Friday” earthquake that was the largest
recorded on U.S. soil was in what state?
Compare and contrast the Richter and Modified Mercalli Scales (2 things alike/ 1 thing
different).
Where do volcanoes most commonly occur? Where is another place they occur that is
less common?
Label and identify the types of stress, fault, boundary, and types of land features that can
form at each.
13. Which Volcano was:
a. The loudest?
b. The biggest eruption?
c. U.S. supervolcano?
d. 1980 Washington St. eruption?
e. Buried the city of Pompeii?
14. What are the 4 types of volcanoes and what is their order from most explosive to least
explosive.
15. What is the scale that measures volcanic eruptions called?
16. Define the following:
a. Pyroclastic flow
b. Lahar
c. Tephra
d. AA
e. Pahoehoe
f. Hot spot
g. Fissure
h. caldera
17. What short term and long term threats to volcanoes pose to people?
18. Look over your epicenter lab.
19. Where do shield volcanoes typically form and where do composite volcanoes typically
form.
20. What country did a volcano was born in a cornfield?