Download Semester 1 Course Review

Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
Earth Space Science HONORS Semester 1 Review
Earth’s Internal Structures
Essential Questions:
1. How do seismic waves provide a detailed picture of Earth’s interior?
2. What are the names of the internal layers of the Earth and what is the composition of each layer?
3. How does the outer core produce the Earth’s magnetic field?
4. How is heat transferred from the core to the crust?
5. Who contributed to the theory of plate tectonics and what does the theory state?
6. How does the development of the Theory of Plate Tectonics demonstrate the scientific process?
7. HONORS What are the names of the tectonic plates?
8. What are the causes of plate motion and what features do they form?
9. HONORS How do folded, fault-block volcanic and dome mountains form?
10. HONORS Describe how the evidence for plate tectonics would be different if the mantle were much more
fluid than it is.
11. How have computer models aided in the study of plate tectonics?
Key Vocabulary:
Inner core
Asthenosphere
Oceanic crust
Secondary waves
Continental drift
Slab pull
Transform boundary
Strike-slip fault
HONORS, monocline
Outer Core
Lithosphere
Mantle
Seismograph
Mantle Convection Currents
Divergent Boundary
Normal fault
HONORS, anticline
Chemical weathering
Mesosphere
Continental crust
Primary waves
Magnetic field
Ridge push
Convergent boundaries
Thrust fault
HONORS, syncline
Mechanical weathering
Practice:
1. Fill in the chart below on Earth’s internal layers.
Layer
Composition
Density g/cm3
Thickness (km)
State of
matter
Temperature
Inner core
Outer core
Mesosphere
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Continental crust
Oceanic crust
2. Which of the above layers comprise the mantle? _______________________________________________
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
3. Label the layers of the Earth below.
4. Fill in the chart below on seismic waves.
Type of wave
Description
P-wave
S-wave
5. What instrument is used to detect earthquakes? ____________________________________________
6. Describe how Earth’s magnetic field is generated.
7. Describe how heat is transferred from the core through the mantle to the crust.
8. Fill in the chart below about the historical figures associated with plate tectonics.
Scientist
Contribution
Abraham Ortelius
Alfred Wegener
Alexander Du Toit
Harry H. Hess
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
9. Why was Wegener’s theory of continental drift rejected?
10. Briefly describe how the development of the Theory of Plate Tectonics demonstrates the scientific process.
11. HONORS: Place the letter for each plate in the box that represents the plate.
a. Juan de Fuca
b. North American Plate (2)
c. Cocos Plate
d. Pacific Plate (2)
e. Nazca Plate
f. Caribbean Plate
g. South American Plate
h. Scotia Plate
12. Fill in the chart below about causes of plate motion.
Cause of plate motion
Text description
Mantle convection
i. African Plate
m. Eurasian Plate
j. Eurasian Plate n. Antarctic Plate
k. Arabian Plate o. Philippine Plate
l. Indo-Australian Plate
Picture of process
Ridge push
Slab pull
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
13. Fill in the following chart about plate boundaries.
Plate boundary
Divergent
Text description
Picture of process
Formation produced
Convergent:
Continental-Continental
Convergent:
Oceanic-Oceanic
Convergent:
Oceanic-Continental
Transform
14. Fill in the following table about faults.
Type of fault
Normal
Stress that causes type of fault
Picture
Thrust
Strike-slip
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
15. Honors: Fill out the following table about folds.
Type of fold
Picture
Anticline
Syncline
Monocline
16. How do computer models aid in studying the oceans?
Earth’s External Structures
Essential Questions
1. Honors
 What are the various energy sources that they can think of that we use daily?
 How do humans impact land, air and water resources?
2. What surface processes produce surface formations?
3. Honors What are the most important factors in soil formation?
4. How are different geologic processes and surface features expressed?
5. What technologies are used to explore the oceans and what are their contributions?
6. What are the surface features of the ocean floor and how do they form?
Key vocabulary
Gully
Seacaves, arches, stacks
Rockfall
U-shaped valley
Dune
HONORS, mineral
ESS Sem 1 HON Review
Valley
Soil
Canyon
Landslide
Lake (glacial erosion)
Sandbar
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Rill
Sinkhole
Waterfall
Mudflow
Delta
Barrier island
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
HONORS, soil profile
HONORS, Igneous, Metamorphic,
Sedimentary rocks
ROV, AUV
Continental shelf
Abyssal plain
Trench
Continental margin
Submarine canyon
Seamount
Guyot
HONORS, Pedalfer, Pedocal,
Laterite
SONAR
Continental rise
Mid-ocean ridge
PRACTICE
1. HONORS: How have humans changed our water, air and land resources over time?
Air
Water
Land
2. Fill in the chart below about weathering.
Type of weathering
Mechanical
Picture of process
Description
Chemical
3. Draw pictures to show the processes that form the water and gravity erosion features in the table below.
Valleys
Rills
Soil
Gullies
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
Karst formations (caverns, lakes, springs)
Sinkholes
Canyons
Sea caves, Sea arches, Sea stacks
Rockfalls
Waterfalls
Mudflows
Landslides
4. Draw pictures to show the processes that form the features caused by glacial erosion.
U-shaped valleys
Lakes
5. How does wind cause changes in natural and human-made structures?
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
6. Draw pictures to show the processes that form the features caused by deposition.
Deltas
Dunes
Beaches, Sandbars
Barrier Islands
7. HONORS: What are the 4 identifying factors of a mineral?
a.
b.
c.
d.
8. HONORS: What are the 3 types of rocks and how do each type form?
a.
b.
c.
9. HONORS: How does each of the following effect soil formation?
a. parent material
b. time
c. climate
d. organisms
e. slope
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
10. HONORS: Make a chart below that lists the types of soils and what their composition is.
11. HONORS: Label the soil profile below and discuss what each horizon is composed of.
12. Fill in the following chart about specific geologic features found in FLORIDA
Name
Shoreline Features:
a.beaches
b.sand dunes
c.barrier islands
ESS Sem 1 HON Review
Description / How it formed
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
Floridan Aquifer
Karst Topography:
a. stalactites
b. stalagmites
c. lakes
d. springs
13. Fill in the following chart about specific geologic features found outside of Florida
Name
Fault lines
A-WHERE FOUND (examples) / B-Description / C-How it formed
A.
B.
C.
Rugged Mountains
A.
B.
C.
Eroded Mountains
A.
B.
C.
Canyons
A.
B.
C.
Water falls
A.
B.
C.
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
Volcanoes
A.
B.
C.
14. Fill in the chart below about sea floor exploration.
Type of exploration
Vessels
Description
Picture
Submersibles
a. ROV
b. AUV
Diving
SONAR & satellites
15. How is new ocean basin created? ____________________________________________________________
16. Label the ocean floor features in the diagram below:
a. Submarine canyon
b. Trench
c. Abyssal plain
ESS Sem 1 HON Review
d. Seamount
e. Guyot
f. Continental rise
g. Mid-Ocean Ridge
h. Continental slope
i. Continental margin
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j. Continental shelf
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
17. HONORS DRAW THE PROCESS OF FORMATION FOR THE FOLLOWING OCEAN FLOOR FEATURES
Submarine canyon
Seamount
Guyot
Evolution
Essential questions:
1. What are the main lines of scientific evidence that support the scientific theory of evolution by natural
selection?
2. How does the theory of evolution by natural selection demonstrate the scientific process?
3. HONORS What are the types of fossilization?
4. HONORS How does fossil evidence support the theory of plate tectonics?
5. What are scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth?
6. How do these competing hypotheses demonstrate the scientific process?
Key vocabulary
Evolution
Biogeography
HONORS, Tar seep
Panspermia
Fossilization
Homologous structures
HONORS, mummification
HONORS, Petrification
Primordial soup
Vestigial structures
HONORS, Amber
Hydrothermal vents
Spontaneous generation
Practice
1. How does the fossil record support the scientific theory of evolution?
2. Fill in the following chart.
Term
Definition/meaning in evolution
Homologous
structure
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Picture
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
Vestigial structure
Biogeography
3. Discuss how similarities in structures among species provide evidence of evolution.
4. Briefly describe how the Theory of Evolution demonstrates the scientific process.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. HONORS: Fill in the following chart about fossilization.
Type of fossilization
Mummification
Description
Picture
Amber
Tar seeps
Freezing
Petrification
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
6. HONORS Briefly describe the scientific process in relation to the fossil record evidence that supports the
theory of plate tectonics. ______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Fill out the following chart about hypotheses of origins of life.
Hypothesis
Hydrothermal vents
Description
Panspermia
Primordial soup
Spontaneous
Generation
8. How do the competing hypotheses of the origin of life on Earth demonstrates the scientific process?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Atoms
Essential questions
1. What does the atomic theory state?
2. Honors Who contributed to the atomic theory and what were their contributions?
3. What fundamental forces are at work inside the atom?
4. List and describe the four states of matter.
5. Where would you expect to find each state of matter in/on our planet? The universe?
6. Honors What are the states of matter of each of Earth’s internal layers?
Key vocabulary
Atom
Electron
Gravitaitonal force
Weak Nuclear force
Gas
ESS Sem 1 HON Review
Proton
Matter
Electromagnetic force
Solid
Plasma
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Neutron
Mass
Strong Nuclear force
Liquid
HONORS, Sublimination, Deposition
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
Practice
1. Fill in the table describing the structure of an atom.
Name of Particle
Charge
Mass
Location within Atom
Proton
Neutron
Electron
2. Describe how matter is composed of units called atoms.
3. HONORS: Make a two-column chart below describing who contributed to the atomic theory and what their
contributions were.
a. Dalton
b. Rutherford
c. Thomson
d. Chadwick
e. Bohr
4. Of the fundamental forces (Gravitational, Weak Nuclear, Strong Nuclear, and Electromagnetic) the two below
are at work in the atom. Fill in the chart.
Type of Force
Role in the Atom
Draw a picture
Electromagnetic
Strong Nuclear
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
5. What is matter?
6. Fill in the following table describing the four states of matter.
State of Matter
How are the molecules organized & how do
they move?
Picture Example
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
7. HONORS: Fill in the following table describing how matter can change.
How matter can change
Picture of the Process
Evaporation
Condensation
Sublimation
Deposition
Melting
Freezing
8. Where would you expect to find each state of matter in/on:
Our planet?
Universe?
Solid:
Solid
Liquid:
Liquid
Gas:
Gas
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Plasma
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
Earth’s Cycles
Essential questions
1. How does matter move through the biosphere?
2. How does water cycle through the biosphere?
3. What are the names of Earth’s systems?
4. How are the systems different?
5. How do different systems interact with each other?
6. What patterns exist within Earth’s ocean currents?
7. What causes currents?
8. What impact does the Coriolis Effect have on currents?
9. What effects do currents have on climate?
Key vocabulary
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Nitrogen Cycle
Ocean Currents
Convection
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
Coriolis Effect
Density
Cryosphere
Carbon Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
Salinity
Hemisphere
1. Label the nitrogen cycle. Use the following terms (one term will be used more than once).
bacteria fixation
denitrification
fertilizers
lightning fixation
plant
consumption
nitrification
2. How do the hydrosphere and biosphere interact on Earth?
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
3. How does the cryosphere affect the geosphere?
4. Label the phosphorus cycle. Use the following terms:
Dead organisms
bacteria in soil
Uplifting of rock
weathering of rock
rock
runoff
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
5. How do the cryosphere and hydrosphere affect ocean salinity?
6. Explain how the atmosphere and hydrosphere interact to create weather.
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
7. Label the carbon cycle. Use the following terms:
carbonification
combustion
decay
diffusion
respiration
runoff
dead organisms and animal waste
photosynthesis
sedimentation
8. HONORS: Complete the Table below about Human Impact on Earth’s Cycles.
Cycle
Human Additions
Environmental Impact
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Carbon
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
9. Label the water cycle. Use the following terms (one term will be used more than once).
Condensation
Precipitation
Transpiration
Evaporation
Runoff
Accumulation
10. Describe how the water cycle is driven by the energy of the sun.
11. Using colored pencils, draw the general trends of currents. Use RED arrows to indicate warm currents and
BLUE arrows to indicate cold currents in both hemispheres.
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Name:_______________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: __________________
12. Describe the causes of surface and deep ocean currents.
13. How do ocean currents transfer heat?
14. What impact do ocean currents have on the transfer of energy & climate?
15. Describe how the Coriolis Effect acts differently based on location on Earth.
16. Describe the movement of heat energy by the process of convection.
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