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Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering (13-1) Dog breeds are NOT different species. Selective Breeding—allowing only those animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation. Humans use selective breeding to pass desired traits on to the next generation of organisms. Hybridization—crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms. hardier than either parent (hybrid vigor) disease resistant mule, lyger, etc. Inbreeding is the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics o breeds of dogs are maintained through inbreeding Due to genetic similarity—the greater the chances the recessive alleles come together and produce genetic defects. o Hip problems, blindness, other deformities Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering (13-1) Natural populations have tremendous diversity Breeders can increase the genetic variation in a population by inducing mutations, which are the ultimate source of genetic variability. Radiation and chemicals are used to increase mutations Most mutations are harmful, but with luck few mutations can be desirable..examples: New kinds of bacteria (eat oil!) New kinds of plants… polyploidy –double or triple the amount of chromosomes Fatal in animals Produces new species of plants (larger/stronger)