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Genetic Engineering Chapter 13 Section 1 selective breeding • Humans use selective breeding, which takes advantage of naturally occurring genetic variation in plants, animals, and other organisms, to pass desired traits on to the next generation of organisms. • Nearly all domestic animals—including horses, cats, and farm animals—and most crop plants have been produced by selective breeding (test question) Hybridization • crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms (test question) • are often hardier than either of the parents • Example: combine the disease resistance of one plant with the foodproducing capacity of another Inbreeding • To maintain the desired characteristics of a line of organisms (test question) • helps to ensure that the characteristics that make each breed unique will be preserved. • Example: The many breeds of dogs—from beagles to poodles—are maintained by inbreeding Inbreeding • Although inbreeding is useful in retaining a certain set of characteristics, it does have its risks. Most of the members of a breed are genetically similar. Because of this, there is always a chance that a cross between two individuals will bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic defect (test question) Producing New Kinds of Bacteria • Breeders can increase the genetic variation in a population by inducing mutations, which are the ultimate source of genetic variability. • It has even been possible to produce bacteria that can digest oil and that were once used to clean up oil spills. (Today, naturally occurring strains of oil-digesting bacteria are used to clean up oil spills.) Assignment Page 321 1- 5