Download Chapter 15 Section 2 Greek Art and Literature

Chapter 15
Section 3
Greek Learning
Anticipatory Set
• How many of you plan to
study the following?
•
•
•
•
•
Philosophy
History
Science
Mathematics
Medicine
• The Greek endured many
contributions to these
fields of knowledge
Standards
• S.S. 6.4.8
• Describe the enduring contributions of
important Greek figures in the arts and sciences
(e.g., Hypatia, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Euclid,
Thucydides)
• E-LA Reading 6.1.2
• Identify and interpret figurative language and
words with multiple meanings.
Objective
• Students will learn about the Greeks’
enduring contributions to philosophy,
history, science, mathematics, and
medicine.
Language of the
Discipline
•Reason
•Academy
•Logic
•Thucydides
•Plato
•Aristotle
The Origins of Greek
Philosophy (Input)
• The Greeks had many questions like the Chinese but
took their search deeper to determine what is true
• The Greeks believed they could determine what is real
by using reason, or the power to think in a clear
manner
• Greek developed a system of reasoning known as
logic
• Logic thinking involves a step-by-step method of
thinking through a problem or question
Socrates and Plato
(Input)
• Philosophers resided in Athens
• Socrates drifted around Athens in a tattered coat
• People came up to talk to him wherever he went
• Socrates would ask people question after question
to make them think clearly about things
• Today this method is called the Socratic method and
used in a variety of subjects
• He often challenged accepted beliefs which got him
in to trouble with Athenian leaders
• They charged him with corrupting the young and not
believing in the gods
Socrates and Plato
(Input)
Socrates
Plato
Socrates and Plato
(Input)
• Socrates was sentenced to death
• He was ordered to drink poison made from the hemlock plant
• Socrates had his student Plato write his ideas down
• Plato demonstrated how Socrates used his teaching
methods to guide people to think logically by using
dialogue
• Plato went on to find a school of philosophy called an
academy
• Today the word academy means a school devoted to a
particular subject
Greek Historians (Input)
• Greeks searched for wisdom by studying the past
• They investigated what happened in the past and
why these events took place
• Herodotus “the father of history” wrote The
Histories which is the first known narrative of
history
• He was the first known to examine historical events
critically
• He lived during the Persian Wars, which is where
conflict and culture of both peoples became the
subject of The Histories
Greek Historians (Input)
Greek Historians (Input)
• Thucydides was also a historian who lived during
the time of conflict between Athens and Sparta
(The Peloponnesian War)
• He served as a naval commander in the war
• Before writing about a battle he would go visit it
and interview the people who had be present
• He wanted his history to be accurate so that
people would not repeat mistakes of the past
Science and Medicine
(Input)
• Most ancient Greeks assumed the gods caused
everything
• Even though many believed this, Greeks began
to look for natural causes of events
• Greeks formed hypotheses, or logical guesses, to
explain what they observed
• Many of their hypotheses were wrong, but they
laid the foundations of modern science,
mathematics, and medicine
The Natural Sciences
(Input)
• Greeks began the scientific study of nature
• They believed that natural laws governed the universe and
not the gods
• Identifying and explaining those laws became a challenge
• One of the first scientific thinkers was Thales of Miletus
• He began his study by asking “what are all things made
of?” His answer water was incorrect
• He believed that the earth was a flat disk that floated on
water
The Natural Sciences
(Input)
The Natural Sciences
(Input)
• He inspired better thinker like Democritus to believe that the
universe was made up of atoms
• Thales asked questions about the earth that were based on
observations of nature
• The most famous natural philosopher was the scholar
Aristotle
• He studies Plato’s Academy
• He was interested in all kinds of knowledge
• He collected and analyzed data about plants, animals, and
rocks.
• He studied math and logic
• He wrote about government, poetry, politics, and drama
Mathematics (Input)
• Greeks discovered many basic concepts in mathematics
• Pythagoras of Samos was an early Greek mathematician
who thought numbers were the key to understanding the
universe
• Geometry students today still learn the Pythagorean
theorem
• Euclid was another important mathematician who was
known for bringing together geometry in his book Elements
• This work still forms the basis of many modern geometry
textbook
Mathematics (Input)
Medicine (Input)
• The Greeks made contributions to medicine
• Greek doctors looked for natural causes of illnesses
instead of blaming the gods
• Their success at treating patients brought the Greeks
fame
• Hippocrates taught his students to diagnose patients
by asking them questions about their illnesses and
observing their symptoms
• He also had them swear by oath which is still done
today
Check for Understanding
• Please determine the BEST answer for the
following question.
• Please write your answer on your white
boards and wait for the teacher’s signal.
• On the teacher’s signal, hold up your white
boards.
Checking for
Understanding #1
Fill in the blank
• _______________ is the power to think
in a clear manner
• Reason
Checking for
Understanding #2
Answer the following question.
•How did Plato demonstrate the
teachings of Socrates?
•In a series of conversations called
dialogues
Checking for
Understanding #3
Answer the following question.
•What did early scientists believe
governed the universe?
•Natural laws
Guided
Practice/Independent
Practice
• Guided Practice
• Complete questions 1 - 2 on the reading comprehension
worksheet.
• Raise your hand and wait to get stamped.
• If you received an “R” go to the back table with Ms. Graham.
• Independent Practice
• Once you have been stamped moved to independent practice
and complete numbers 3 and 4 on the reading comprehension
worksheet.
• Homework
• Note-taking guide on the reverse side.