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The Civil War Begins I. The Civil War began on April 12th, 1861. The North fought to preserve the Union while the South fought for its independence. II. The war cost more American lives than any other war in history. A. Civil War - 620,000 (420 per day for 4 years) B. WWII - 292,000 / 15 million total C. WWI - 126,000 / 8 ½ million total D. Vietnam - 55,000 E. Korea - 33,000 F. Iraq - 1,000 as of 9/04 III. The Confederate States of America consisted of 11 states with their own constitution. Their constitution was very similar to the U.S. Constitution with just a few exceptions: A. Congress could not interfere with slavery B. No tariffs on imports C. No government money for transportation development D. President could serve 1 – 6 year term E. States were supreme (confederacy) Jefferson Davis IV. Jefferson Davis was the President of the Confederate States of America. The capital was in Richmond, VA. Battles 1. Fort Sumter: First Battle of the Civil War After the first Southern states had seceded, they began seizing federal forts inside their borders. Ft. Sumter was on a small island at the mouth of the Charleston River. The confederates ordered the Union soldiers at the fort to surrender. When they refused the Confederates attacked the fort easily taking it over. South Carolina 2. Bull Run 1861: First Large Fight In the first large battle of the war the Confederates defeated a largely untrained Union army just west of Washington D.C. . Both sides need more training The war was not going to be short or painless 3. Antietam 1862 Robert E. Lee takes the offensive by marching into Maryland. The Union counter attacked meeting the Confederates in Antietam, Maryland. In a daylong battle over 24,000 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed or wounded. Lee’s troops slipped back into Virginia by night. Neither side won the battle. 4. Emancipation Proclamation 1862 Lincoln decided to free all of the slaves in the Confederates States. This did not include the four slave states that were loyal to the Union. The Proclamation stated that all the slaves that were living in states that were currently rebelling were free. Once the Union Army conquered these states the slaves were set free. Emancipate: to free The Proclamation helped America gain support from Europe and Free African Americans African Americans were allowed to join the military 5. Shiloh General Ulysses S. Grant was sent to take control of the Mississippi River. They were on their way to the place where the Tennesse River meets the Mississippi when they were attacked by the Confederates at Shiloh, Tennessee. Grant was able to gain a victory over the Confederates. Massive Casualties: more men die in one day at Shiloh then in the whole Revolutionary War. Grant eventually gains control of the Mississippi River blocking Confederate supply boats. 6. Vicksburg Grant attacks the fort that controlled the Mississippi River between New Orleans and Memphis. It took six weeks to get the soldiers at Vicksburg to surrender. Divide and Conquer: The Union was able to split the Confederacy in half. 7. Gettysburg 8. The Wilderness 9. Appomattox Court House: Robert E. Lee Surrenders for the Confederacy