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Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History Standard VUS.8 ASSESSMENT PRACTICE Directions: In the blank, write the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ___ 1. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, ____________________ helped bring about American growth and westward expansion. a. b. c. d. ___ 2. Following the Civil War, the westward movement of settlers intensified into the vast region between a. b. c. d. ___ 3. help farmers find sources of cheap labor. gave mortgage loans to families willing to settle the western territories. completed the Transcontinental Railroad. gave free public land in the west to settlers who would live on and farm the land. Southerners and African Americans _________________________ to seek new opportunities after the Civil War. a. b. c. d. ___ 6. a language and culture traceable to Russian language and culture loading cattle onto transport ships for travel down rivers a relaxed lifestyle and upscale living long cattle drives over unfenced open land in the West Many Americans rebuilding their lives after the Civil War took advantage of the Homestead Act of 1862, which a. b. c. d. ___ 5. the Great Plains and Canada. the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean. California and Mexico. the Mississippi River and the Atlantic Ocean. The years immediately before and after the Civil War became known as the era of the American cowboy. Which of the following would be characteristic of the era of the American cowboy? a. b. c. d. ___ 4. a significant reduction in taxes significant restrictions on immigration to cities in the northeast industrialization and technological change prejudice and inequality in the south moved North moved West opened their own businesses moved to Canada Railroads made farming more profitable by a. b. c. d. increasing the number of farmers in the West. creating better harvests. improving the efficiency of planting. better connecting farms with markets. Standard VUS.8 Assessment Practice -1- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History ___ 7. As settlers continued to move westward after the Civil War and throughout the remainder of the nineteenth century, American Indians __________________________. a. b. c. d. ___ 8. Mark Twain’s characterized the Industrial Age as the “Gilded Age.” This name was accurate because a. b. c. d. ___ 9. d. outside the cities in rural areas. in harsh conditions, crowded into tenements and slums. in special government-created ethnic neighborhoods. in the immigrants’ country of origin. As the population moved westward, many new states between the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains were added to the Union. All of the states that make up the continental U.S. from the Atlantic to the Pacific had been admitted to the Union by a. b. c. d. ___12. Jim Crow Laws The Homestead Act of 1862 and the Progressive Act of 1890 The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 The Sherman Anti-Trust Act and the Clayton Anti-Trust Act Factories in the large cities provided jobs, but workers’ families often lived a. b. c. d. ___11. there were essentially no social problems that existed during this period. the working classes in the cities became very wealthy. the great wealth and the booming industrial growth came at a very substantial human price paid by workers, including men, women, children, and immigrants. there were no trade unions or industrial unions during this period. __________________ effectively cut off most immigration to the U.S. for several decades. a. b. c. ___10. were permitted to remain in their existing locations. were highly honored and respected by the U.S. government, as reflected in a very pro-Indian federal policy. continued to be forcibly removed from their lands. were paid fair market value for all of the lands that the white settlers took. the early twentieth century. the early nineteenth century. 1850. the 1880s. Prior to 1871, most immigrants to the U.S. came from a. b. c. d. eastern and southern Europe. Asia and southern Europe northern and western Europe. Africa and northern Europe. Standard VUS.8 Assessment Practice -2- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History ___13. From 1871 to 1921, most immigrants to the U.S. emigrated from a. b. c. d. ___14. Immigrants to the U.S. during the period from 1871 to 1921 a. b. c. d. ___15. something that immigrants refused participate in. assisted by the process of public schooling of immigrant children. slowed by the process of public schooling of immigrant children. something that happened instantly upon arrival. During the period from the Civil War to World War I, big business a. b. c. d. ___19. Angel Island Florida Savannah, Georgia the Statue of Liberty The assimilation of immigrants into the “melting pot” of American society was a. b. c. d. ___18. the vegetable fields in California. textile factories in New York City. the coal mines of the East. building the railroads, including the Transcontinental Railroad. An immigrant entering the U.S. from Europe in the late 19th century would most likely look for __________________ to signal arrival to the U.S. a. b. c. d. ___17. were not granted U.S. citizenship. had little impact on the industrial growth of the U.S. were characteristically very wealthy, and lived in suburbs outside of the cities. played a large role in the dramatic industrial growth of the U.S. Slavs, Italians, and Poles worked mainly in a. b. c. d. ___16. southern and eastern Europe, and Asia. northern and western Europe, and Asia. eastern and northern Europe. Africa and southern Europe. was constantly regulated by government, and could not get much accomplished. enjoyed a non-regulatory “laissez-faire” capitalist environment. never formed monopolies or trusts. was very concerned about the conditions that workers were laboring in, and gave them great job benefits. One of the reasons for the huge industrial economic transformation that took place during the period from the Civil War to World War I was a. b. c. d. an increasing labor supply from immigration and migration from farms. a major reform effort by environmentalists. America’s lack of natural resources and navigable rivers. strict government regulation of businesses. Standard VUS.8 Assessment Practice -3- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History ___20. Immigrants to the U.S. faced many challenges including a. b. c. d. ___21. ____________________ began construction of the nation’s first subway system around the turn of the twentieth century, and many cities began to building trolley or streetcar lines. a. b. c. d. ___22. steel industry. textile industry. drilling and refining of oil. development of interchangeable parts. the steel industry. the drilling and refining of oil. the railroad industry. finance. John D. Rockefeller made his fortune in a. b. c. d. ___26. the the the the J.P. Morgan made his fortune in a. b. c. d. ___25. a shortage of labor for factories the growth of suburbs an improvement in living conditions in cities housing shortages Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in a. b. c. d. ___24. Chicago Philadelphia New York City Richmond Which of the following was a result the rapid growth of cities during the Gilded Age? a. b. c. d. ___23. resentment from other Americans because of job competition. not being able to live near or with people of their own culture or background. job discrimination. lack of immunity to American diseases. the steel industry. the drilling and refining of oil. the railroad industry. architectural design. ___________________, along with William Kelly, developed a better and more efficient way to make a more durable and more flexible grade of steel. a. b. c. d. Thomas Edison Alexander Graham Bell The Wright brothers Henry Bessemer Standard VUS.8 Assessment Practice -4- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History ___27. The airplane was an innovation attributed to a. b. c. d. ___28. Assembly line manufacturing was developed by a. b. c. d. ___29. little advancement in technology during the Gilded Age improved working conditions the refusal to allow women and children to work the excesses of the Gilded Age, including great income disparities The goals of the Progressive Movement included a. b. c. d. ___33. Alexander Graham Bell. Thomas Alva Edison. Isaac Singer. Frank Lloyd Wright. Which of the following was a cause of the Progressive Movement? a. b. c. d. ___32. Alexander Graham Bell Thomas Alva Edison John Deere Cyrus McCormack In 1876, the light bulb was invented by a. b. c. d. ___31. Henry Ford. Henry Bessemer. Eli Whitney. John D. Rockefeller. In 1879, ________________ invented the telephone. a. b. c. d. ___30. Thomas Edison. Alexander Graham Bell. the Wright brothers. Louis Sullivan. guaranteeing economic opportunities through government regulation, including limiting the power of big business. making it easier for big business to lessen competition in the market place. removing women and children from the workforce. eliminating government regulation of business. Booker T. Washington believed that a. b. c. d. African Americans should become empowered with good vocational training and jobs as a first step toward equality. the road to equality was a quick and easy one. education was meaningless without equality. social separation was unacceptable. Standard VUS.8 Assessment Practice -5- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History ___34. W.E.B. DuBois a. b. c. d. ___35. During the early twentieth century, African Americans in the South a. b. c. d. ___36. d. a method by which the state legislature could put a measure on the ballot. a method by which the voters could put a measure on the ballot. a method by which a public official who was not doing his or her job could be removed by the voters. a commission form of government. Another progressive reform in state government was the referendum, which provided a. b. c. d. ___39. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Ida B. Wells Ida M. Tarbell William Faulkner One of the progressive reforms in state government was the initiative, which provided a. b. c. ___38. did not migrate to western states in great numbers seeking jobs on farms. migrated to northern cities in great numbers to try to escape poverty and to find job opportunities in northern cities. were successful in getting rid of all the “Jim Crow” laws. enjoyed the same rights and opportunities as whites. _____________________ led an anti-lynching campaign and called on the federal government to take action to try to stop the lynchings. a. b. c. d. ___37. believed equality was meaningless without education. led an anti-lynching crusade. believed that the way to equality was through vocational education. helped form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. a method by which citizens could vote on proposed laws directly without going to the legislature. a method by which the voters could put a measure on the ballot. a method by which a public official who was not doing his or her job could be removed by the voters. a commission form of government. Another progressive reform in state government was the recall, which provided a. b. c. d. a method in which the state legislature could put a measure on the ballot. a method in which the voters could put a measure on the ballot. a commission form of government. a method in which a public official who was not doing his or her job could be removed from office by the voters. Standard VUS.8 Assessment Practice -6- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History ___40. After Reconstruction, many Southern state governments passed “Jim Crow” laws, which a. b. c. d. ___41. The Progressive Movement used government to a. b. c. d. ___42. b. c. d. the the the the 17th 19th 24th 26th Amendment Amendment Amendment Amendment The Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), held that a. b. c. d. ___45. a method of nominating candidate(s) in which voters select the party’s nominee to run in the general election. a method of nominating candidate(s) in which a convention selects the party’s nominee to run in the general election. a method of nominating candidate(s) in which political party bosses select the party’s nominee to run in the general election. a method of nominating candidate(s) in which political party bosses and the governor select the party’s nominee to run in the general election. Which of the following progressive reforms required that the election of U.S. senators would be directly by the people rather than by state legislatures? a. b. c. d. ___44. reform problems created by industrialization. entirely eliminate social inequalities. eliminate competition in the marketplace. ensure prolonged segregation in the South. One of the progressive reforms in the election process was the birth of primary elections. Primary elections are a. ___43. forced the separation of races in public places. required that equal facilities be available to all races. required African Americans to be literate in order to vote. required African Americans to be paid less for the same jobs as white workers. “separate but equal” facilities created by state law are inherently unequal. “separate but equal” facilities created by state law violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. “separate but equal” facilities created by state law did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Homer Plessy could ride in any railroad car that he wanted to, regardless of state law. The American Federation of Labor was a successful labor union that was a. b. c. d. founded ranks. founded founded founded by Terrence Powderly, and welcomed African Americans into its by Samuel Gompers, and was a union of skilled workers. by Eugene V. Debs, and was a union of general industrial workers. by Walter Reuther, and was a union of automobile workers. Standard VUS.8 Assessment Practice -7- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History ___46. During the Gilded Age, the typical industrial worker a. b. c. d. ___47. One of the accomplishments of labor unions was a. b. c. d. ___48. d. restore free competition in the marketplace. eliminate competition in the marketplace. force monopolies to pay damages to businesses that failed as a result of unfair competition. provide incentives for small businesses. never worked at all in achieving its goals. was only targeted at the railroad and steel industries. was designed to halt the growth of unions. outlawed price fixing. The efforts toward women’s suffrage finally resulted in women gaining the federally guaranteed right to vote in 1920 with the ratification of the a. b. c. d. ___52. Pullman Strike Homestead Strike Haymarket Square Strike Great Railroad Strike The Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 a. b. c. d. ___51. the the the the The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 was designed to break up trusts and monopolies that were operating in unfair restraint of trade, and to a. b. c. ___50. to remove women from the workforce. to eliminate competition in the marketplace. placing a limit on the number of hours a person could work. outlaw labor strikes. In the later part of the nineteenth century, workers attempted to make gains through unionizing. In Chicago in 1886, ________________ greatly damaged the image of organized labor, particularly the Knights of Labor. a. b. c. d. ___49. could count on government’s help if he or she became injured on the job. would never be a child, because children were not permitted to work in industrial jobs. became wealthy very quickly because of the huge industrial output. worked long hours for low pay, and often in dangerous and/or dirty conditions. 16th Amendment. 18th Amendment. 19th Amendment. 22nd Amendment. Susan B. Anthony was a. b. c. d. a leader in the women’s suffrage movement. an outspoken advocate for equal rights for African Americans. a leader of the Haymarket Square Strike. a supporter of the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921. Standard VUS.8 Assessment Practice -8- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History ___53. The _________________ played an important role in bringing about reform in the form of new regulations to protect women and workers in the workplace. a. b. c. d. ___54. Knights of Labor United Steel Workers International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union American Railway Union During the Progressive Era, “muckrakers” were a. b. c. d. ___55. the the the the journalists and authors who examined social issues and problems of the time, wrote about them, and in the process became a force to bring about government and social efforts to address those issues and problems. journalists and authors who wrote material that almost always favored big business. the nickname given to the industrialists. the nickname given to the nine members of the U.S. Supreme Court. From 1870 to about 1890, there were approximately 89,000 African Americans who migrated from the South to the North – often to northern cities to find job opportunities and to escape “Jim Crow.” From 1890 through World War I, about 500,000 African Americans took part in this “Great Migration” northward. One of the primary reasons the huge increase in this rate of migration was that a. b. c. d. gold was discovered in the Dakotas. more job opportunities arose in the North, as a result of decreasing immigration, a growing economy, and then World War I production. African Americans suffered no discrimination at all in the northern cities. African Americans had great opportunity in the South, but they just got tired of it. Standard VUS.8 Assessment Practice -9-