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ESM Table 1 Geological features of typical gold deposits in Jiapigou gold belt, Northeast China
Deposit
Deposit geology
Feature of deposit
Reference
The auriferous quartz veins are hosted by the Jiapigou
Gold-bearing quartz veins occur within the main structural altered zone, which are 100 to
Cheng et al. 1996;
Group which composing of amphibolites,
300 meters in width and 5000m in length with the strike of EW in east, NEE in middle
Dong et al. 1999;
hornblende-plagioclase- gneiss and TTG rocks (Fig. 7).
and NE in west part of the zone. It dips to south with an angle from 20 to 45(Fig. 7B).
Dai et al. 2005
The NE striking granite porphyry and diorite porphyrite
Three of all veins have more than 5000kg gold metal reserves and named as No.3, new
occur in ore area. The NEE-trending shear zones are the
No.4 and new No.6. New No.6 vein, the largest vein is 730m in length with 670m down
ore-controlling structures and dip to SSE with angle of
to depth and 0.65m in thickness, it dips to southeast with an angle from 15 to 20. The
10°-40°.
average gold grade is 21.77g/t, and Cu grade is 0.59%, Pb grade is 4.6%. Ore minerals
(See Fig.1)
Jiapigoubenqu(3)
are pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, siderite and native gold. Gold is associated with the
sulfide minerals, mostly as fine to submicroscopic free particles in pyrite and
chalcopyrite and a lesser extent in galena. Silicification, sericitization, chloritization and
carbonatization are the main hydrothermal alteration types.
Erdaogou(1)
Sandaocha(6)
The deposit is hosted by Archean biotite- plagiclase
The deposit is composed of four mineralized alteration zones (V1, V2, V3, and V4) (Fig.
Li et al. 1996;
gneiss, hornblende-plagioclase gneiss and amphibolite
8a). The SN-trending V1 zone dips east with an angle of 55–80°, with a length of 2000 m
Cheng et al. 1996;
(Fig. 8). The Neoarchean potassic granite appears in the
and a width of 50 to 100 m. The V2 zone is 750 m long and 3m wide. The V3 zone is
Li et al. 1998; Shen
west part of the deposit. A SN-trending granodiorite
700 m long and 4 m wide. The V4 zone is 3000 m long and 5 to 25 m wide. The
et al. 1998; Dong et
dike intrudes along the main mineralized zone in the
gold-bearing quartz veins mainly occur within the V1 zone (Fig. 8). Some small
al. 1999; Hart et al.
central part of the mine area. It is 1750 m long and 100
orebodies have been discovered in V2, V3 and V4 zones. The gold-bearing quartz veins
2002.
m wide, it generally forms the hanging- and footwall of
are generally 50 to 200 m (up to 420 m) in length and 0.4 to 1.5 m (up to 5.2 m) in width.
gold-bearing quartz veins (Fig. 8b). Other intrusions
The average grade of the ores is 14 g/t Au, with an average of 1 wt.% Pb and ~0.2 wt.%
include diorite, diorite porphyry, syenite porphyry and
Cu. The ore structures are zoned, massive and breccia structures. Ore minerals are pyrite,
lamprophyre dikes, and although poorly dated, cross
galena, chalcopyrite with minor sphalerite, magnetite, arsepyrite, native gold and
cutting relationships indicate that most phases are
electrum. Gauge minerals are quartz with minor calcite, chlorite and sericite. The typical
post-mineralization
alteration minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite and calcite.
The plagioclase-hornblendite gneiss and
The deposit is composed of eight alteration zones. The V1 zone is about 1300m in length
Cheng et al. 1996;
biotite-plagioclase gneiss are the main hosting rocks.
and 10 to 40m in width. The V2 zone is approximately 300m in length and 10m in width.
Dong et al. 1999;
The post-ore dikes intrude in the Archean gneiss and
The scale of the V3 zone is similar to V1 with length of 1200m and width of 10m to
Qi et al. 2002
cut the alteration zones (Fig. 9A)
30m. Seven gold-bearing quartz veins occur within these three alteration zones. The
gold-bearing quartz veins occur as en echelon or lenses (Fig. 9B). The largest
gold-bearing quartz vein is 600 m long, 2 to 5 m wide, and with depth of 900 m. Ore
veins dip to southeast (105～125) at shallow part with an angle of 70- 80, and dips to
northwest (280～305) at depth with an angle from 60 to 80 (Fig. 9B). The gold grade
ranges from 3 g/t to 88.5 g/t with an average of 18.98 g/t. The ore structures are zoned,
disseminated, massive and breccia structures. Ore minerals are mainly pyrite with minor
galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, native gold and argentite. Gauge minerals are
quartz with minor calcite, chlorite and sericite. The alteration types are silicification,
sericitization, chloritization and carbonatization.
Xiaobeigou(8)
Banmiaozi(10)
The deposit is controlled by NW-trending major shear
The deposit consists of a lot of auriferous quartz veins and veinlet zones. The auriferous
Cheng et al. 1996;
zone in retrograded late Archean metamorphic rocks.
quartz veins are veined and lense in shape. The scale of the ore body changes largely, the
Dong et al. 1999;
The major shear zone dips to northeast with an angle of
single ore vein is 20 to 110 m long, 0.2 to 1.8 m wide, and 40 to 260 m down depth. The
Guo 2011
60 to 80 and is about 80 to 200 m in width. The upper
major NW-trending ore bodies dip to northeast with an angle of 70 to 80. The gold
wall rocks of the shear zone are the Archean
grade varies from 4.42 g/t to 176.25 g/t, the average grade is 17.36g/t. The zoned,
biotite-plagioclase gneiss and the down wall rocks are
disseminated, and brecciated structures are the major ore structures. The main ore
Neoarchean potassic granite (Fig. 10). Dikes such as
minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite. The gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, calcite
syenite porphyry, diorite, diorite porphyrite and diabase
and sericte. The types of wallrock alteration include silicification, Chloritization,
occur in the Xiaobeigou ore area.
seritization and carbonatization.
The deposit is hosted by Archean gneiss and
The deposit is mainly composed of 30 gold-bearing quartz veins (the length is > 100m).
Zhao et al. 2004;
amphibolite (Fig. 11). The lamprophyre and diabase
The NWW-trending (270°～295°) gold-bearing quartz veins dip to southwest with an
Zang 2007;
dikes and gold-bearing quartz veins are often occur
angle of 75°～80°. The largest no. 301 vein is 2500m long, 1 to 20 m wide, and 600 m
and Zang 2009
within the same structural- alteration zone, and the
down depth, dips to southwest with an angle of 75°～80°. Gold-bearing quartz veins
gold-bearing quartz veins often intrude in the
occur as single vein (Fig. 12). The individual vein is 50 to 460 m long and up to 7 m
lamprophyre and diabase dikes. The post-ore diorite
wide, and has a down-dip extent up to 240 m. The average gold grade is 3.8 g/t. The ore
and granite porphyry dikes cut the gold-bearing
structures are zoned, network, massive and breccia structures. The ore minerals are pyrite
alteration zones (Fig. 11).
and chalcopyrite, with minor native gold, magnetite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite
and bismuthine. The gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, sericte and calcite. The
alteration includes silicification, Chloritization, seritization and carbonatization.
Wang