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Unit 4 Day 1
Geology-Earth Materials
Geology-Earth Materials
Unit Introduction
Atom is the
of
the element that has all of it’s characteristics
What are Earth materials and why are they important to
us?
VA SOL
ES
5 The student will investigate and understand how to
identify major rock-forming and ore minerals based on
physical and chemical properties. Key concepts include
a. properties including hardness, color and streak, luster,
cleavage, fracture, and unique properties; and
b. use of minerals.
Objective
1
Relate atomic and molecular structure to the traits of
minerals and include the major mineral groups.
2 Identify the major elements of the Earth’s crust.
3 Identify common minerals and ores and their uses.
Include: quartz, calcite, talc, gypsum, fluorite, feldspar,
biotite, muscovite, hematite, galena, halite, pyrite,
magnetite, sulfur, and graphite.
4 Identify Virginia’s major rock and mineral resources
and their uses.
Enduring Understanding
Minerals are the
of rocks.
Atoms are made of combinations of
in the nucleus and
orbiting around the nucleus
Electrons have very
Atomic Number is the number of
Mass Number is the number of
of a specific isotope
(+)and
(-)
.
in the nucleus
and
Combining Elements
Some elements are quite content to remain alone, but
most will attempt to
with other elements
to form the various the common objects and substances
we see every day.

is a substance that is composed of two or
more elements that are
. “CCC”

Water (H2O) is a compound
Atomic Structure
Element is a substance that
into
simpler substances by physical or chemical processes
All matter is made of
5
(ore) Aluminum

form
electron exchange takes place
Ionic Bonds

is a common example
when this
Coal (
)
Energy
Uses for Earth Materials
Nearly every single thing we use today comes from
Earth directly or indirectly. The following is a list of
minerals and ores
Name of mineral/ore
Use(s)
Quartz (mineral)
, watches
Feldspar (mineral)
Name of rock
Use(s)
Gravel/stone (all)
Limestone
Calcite (mineral)
Neutralizing acids
Mica (mineral)
Lampshades,
Building materials
, makeup
(ore)
Lava soap, abrasion
Quartzite
Roofing, pool tables
(ore)
(ore)
Galena (ore)
(ore)
Sulfur (ore)
Lubricant
,
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