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Chapter 17 The Civil War 1861-1865
Section 1: The Conflict Takes Shape (pages 448-452)
T 1. Before the Civil War started many people in the North and the South thought it
would be a SHORT/LONG (CIRCLE THE ANSWER) war.
Q 2. Name the four states that seceded after 1861. Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas,
Tennessee.
Q 3. What name was given to the four slave states that remained in the Union? Border
States.
Q&T 4. Name the four slave states that stayed in the Union. Missouri, Kentucky,
Maryland, and Delaware.
Q&T 5. When pro-Confederate mobs attacked Union troops in Baltimore, Maryland,
President Lincoln declared martial law, or rule by the army instead of the elected
government.
T 6. Having few railroads to move troops and supplies was a serious weakness of the
South.
T 7. Two advantages of the North were a larger population and many more industries
and factories.
Q 8. The Secretary of War under President Lincoln was Edwin Stanton.
Q 9. The commander of the Confederate army was Robert E. Lee.
T 10. The reason Lincoln had trouble finding good generals for the Union army was
mainly because many of the best officers served for the Confederacy.
Section 2: A Long Difficult Struggle (pages 453-458)
T 1. Three goals the Union army had at the beginning of the Civil War were to blockade
southern ports, seize Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital, and seize control of
the Mississippi River.
T 2. The South planned to win the war by fighting a defensive war until northerners tired
of the fighting and the Union army was worn down.
Q 3. The Confederate general that stood his ground at the Battle of Bull Run was called
“Stonewall” Jackson.
T 4. The Battle of Bull Run showed both sides that their soldiers needed more training.
Q 5. The commander of the Union armies in 1861 was a cautious person and his name
was George McClellan.
T 6. The battle between the ironclads the Monitor and the Merrimack resulted in the
building of many more ironclad ships.
Q 7. Neither side won a clear victory at the Battle of Antietam that took place in
Maryland in September 1862.
T 8. Robert E. Lee won decisive victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.
Q 9. Six times General Burnside ordered his men to charge and six times his men were
driven back in one of the Union’s worst defeats in the Battle of Fredericksburg.
Q 10. The Union general who captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson was Ulysses S.
Grant.
T 11. The Confederacy won all of the following battles except which one (Circle) Shiloh,
Chancellorsville, Bull Run, Fredericskburg.
Q 12. One of the bloodiest battles of the war, the Battle of Shiloh, took place in a small
village on the Tennessee River.
Section 3: A Promise of Freedom (pages 459-462)
Q 1. The Civil War began as a war to restore the Union, not to end the institution of
slavery.
Q 2. Lincoln had to handle the slavery issue cautiously because four slave states
remained in the Union.
Q&T 3. In 1863, Lincoln decided to free enslaved African Americans living in the
Confederacy, but not in the four slave states that remained in the Union.
Q&T 4. As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation, the purpose of the war changed.
Now, Union troops were fighting to end slavery as well as to save the Union.
Q 5. Because of the Emancipation Proclamation, it became less likely that Britain or any
other European country would come to the aid of the South.
Q 6. When the war began, thousands of free African Americans volunteered to fight for
the Union.
Q 7. Black volunteers were assigned to all-black unites commanded by white officers.
T 8. In 1864, the United States War Department announced that all soldiers would
receive equal pay.
T 9. One of the most famous African American units in the Union army was the 54th
Massachusetts Regiment.
Section 4: Hardships of War (pages 463-467)
Q 1. People who were not in the army were called civilians.
Q&T 2. Copperheads were northerners who opposed the way Lincoln was handing the
war and they were also people who wanted to work out a compromise with the South.
Q&T 3. In 1863, Congress passed a draft law requiring all able-bodied males between
the ages of 20 and 45 to serve in the military if they were called.
Q&T 4. Several times Lincoln denied habeas corpus, the right to have charges filed or a
hearing before being jailed.
T 5. One problem the South had was many southerners were strong supporters of state’s
rights, and they resisted paying taxes to a central government.
Q 6. In 1861, to pay for the war, Congress established the nation’s first income tax on
people’s earnings.
Q 7. The North was experiencing inflation, a rise in prices and a decrease in the value of
money.
Q&T 8. A person who overcharged the government for goods and desperately needed for
the war was called a profiteer.
T 9. Rose Greenhow gathered information for the South while entertaining Union
leaders in her Washington, D.C., home.
T 10. Clara Barton earned fame as a Civil War nurse and the founder of the Red Cross.
Section 5: The War Ends
(pages 468-473)
Q 1. George Pickett was the Confederate general who led 15,000 men in a daring charge
on Cemetery Ridge in the Battle of Gettysburg.
T 2. After their defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg, the Confederates would never again
invade the North. This battle is considered the turning point of the Civil War.
T 3. Lincoln’s Gettsysburg Address lasted only about three minutes.
Q 4. In 1864 Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant as commander of the Union forces.
T 5. General Grant planned to end the war by engaging in total war against the South.
Q&T 6. General Philip Sheridan marched through the Shenandoah Valley, destroying
farms and livestock waging total war against the South.
Q&T 7. The capture of Atlanta and the “march to the sea” were led by William
Tecumseh Sherman.
Q 8. General George McClellan was Lincoln’s former commander who opposed Lincoln
in the election of 1864.
T 9. Approximately 600,000 Union soldiers and Confederate soldiers lost their lives in
the Civil War.