Download ELEMENTS Using Textbk (pg 172-173) or Planner make flashcards

ELEMENTS
Using Textbk (pg 172-173) or Planner make flashcards for the following elements
(spell accurately) and their chemical symbols (use correct format):
hydrogen / helium / lithium / beryllium / boron / carbon / nitrogen / oxygen
/ fluorine / neon / sodium / magnesium / iron / nickel / cobalt / argon /
copper / tin / zinc / silver / lead / bismuth / cadmium / gold / mercury /
bromine / potassium / chlorine / phosphorus / iodine / tungsten / sulfur /
uranium / vanadium / yttrium / calcium / silicon / gallium / aluminum /
manganese / chromium / platinum / francium / arsenic / germanium /
antimony / tellurium / astatine / polonium / xenon / radium / curium /
thorium / barium / strontium / plutonium / nobelium / bohrium / krypton /
radon / rubidium / cesium / ununoctium / indium / thallium / ununtrium /
scandium / seaborgium / rutherfordium / mendelevium / meitnerium /
lawrencium / dubnium / hassium / copernicium / actinium / lanthanum /
zirconium / californium / europium / thulium / titanium / einsteinium /
molybdenum / americium
ALLOTROPE and EFFUSION and DIFFUSION:
(1) ALLOTROPE is a different form of the an element in the same physical state of matter
(a) it is “1” type of atom, but the atoms are arranged differently, which give the allotropes
different properties
(b) each allotrope is a pure form of that element
1. (e.g.) TWO, SOLID allotropes of carbon [C] are graphite and diamond
(c) Only some elements have allotropes:
1. Carbon [C], oxygen [O], phosphorus [P], sulfur [S] and tin [Sn]
2. (e.g.) oxygen [O] = TWO GASEOUS allotropes: O (diatomic oxygen) and O (ozone)
2
3
(2) EFFUSION  is the process by which gas particles flow through small holes in a
container
(a) MOLECULAR MASS  is the mass of “1” molecule of a substance
(b) GRAHAM’S LAW  states gases with a lower molecular mass effuse more quickly than
gases with a higher molecular mass
1. hydrogen [H] will EFFUSE more quickly from a container than oxygen [O] because
hydrogen is a smaller sized molecule and has less mass than oxygen
2. helium [He] balloons over time DEFLATE due to EFFUSION, so to SLOW DOWN
the effusion process a thin, metal coating of aluminum [Al] is used giving helium
balloons their silvery color
(3) DIFFUSION  is the movement of particles from an AREA of HIGH concentration to an
AREA of LOW concentration
(a) the KINETIC ENERGY (energy of motion) of the gas’s particles is why this movement
occurs  passive transport
(b) diffusion CONTINUES until the particles are EVENLY distributed throughout the area
(c) RATE OF DIFFUSION depends on: temperature, particle size, and level of concentration
1. TEMPERATURE: particles diffuse more quickly at HIGHER temperatures
2. PARTICLE SIZE: SMALLER particles diffuse more quickly than larger ones
3. CONCENTRATION LEVELS: particles diffuse MORE QUICKLY when diffusion
first BEGINS