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Name _______________________________________________ Date _____________________ Period __________ ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS PIE GRAPH ACTIVITY Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to create several pie graphs depicting the major elements found in the atmosphere, solid earth, oceans and living matter. Procedure: 1. Convert each percentage into degrees by multiplying it by 3.6, which is the number you arrive at when you divide 360 (degrees in a circle) by 100 (total amount in percentages). 2. Add the total of all the items to make certain that the total is equal to 360˚. If not, recalculate the degrees for each item. 3. Look at the circle provided. It has the center marked with a dot and the radius is drawn. The radius line is labeled 0 ˚. 4. Line up the 0˚ on the protractor with the 0˚ radius line. Measure and mark the number of degrees needed. Draw a line from the center to the new degrees mark. 5. Label this segment with the element name and percent. 6. Continue through your calculated degrees using the previously made line as the new 0˚ beginning and measuring out the necessary number of degrees for each category. 7. Label each section. Color-code the sections to show the difference. SOLID EARTH: ELEMENT Oxygen Silicon Aluminum Iron Calcium Others % BY MASS 47% 28% 8% 5% 3% 9% DEGREE The outermost layer of the Earth is called the crust. Most of it is made from only 5 elements. It is rare for elements to occur alone although some like gold and silver do. ATMOSPHERE ELEMENT Oxygen Nitrogen Others % BY MASS 21% 78% 1% DEGREE The atmosphere surrounding the Earth is called the atmosphere. It is held in place by gravity and protects life by absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun and reducing temperature extremes between day and night. The oxygen in the atmosphere is necessary for most life on Earth. OCEANS ELEMENT Oxygen Hydrogen Chlorine Sodium Others % BY MASS 85% 10% 2% 1% 2% DEGREE Ocean water is about 97% water and the rest is elements and gases. There have been around 84 elements identified in sea water. HUMAN BODY ELEMENT Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus Others % BY MASS 65% 18% 10% 3% 2% 1% 1% DEGREE By mass, human cells consist of 65-95% water. In the human body, 99% of the mass is made up of 6 elements. The very common element in the Earth’s crust, silicon, is absent in the human body as well as most life on Earth. vvvfvbffvngbjnbnb Conclusion: Answer the following questions using complete sentences please! 1. Which element is found in all 4 areas? Why do think this is? 2. Why is the atmosphere important? 3. How do most elements in the Earth occur? 4. How many elements are found in sea water 5. How can you use your pie graphs to determine which elements are most common? (HINT- no extra math required!) 6. Why is a pie graph useful when looking at percentages?