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MS Sastry Leigh High School Photosynthesis Has 2 parts: 1) Light dependent—ATP, NADPH 2) Light independent—takes hydrogen protons and electrons and tags it to CO2 to make C6H12O6 Similarities Cell Respiration Has 4 parts 1. Glycolysis—splits glucose into 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP (net), 2 NADH 2. Shuttle – 2 NADH (may be used to yield only 4 ATP instead of 6ATP as it consumes some energy) 3. Krebs cycle—releases 6CO2 from glucose, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 4. ETC and oxidative phosphorylation Differences 1. Both use electron transport chains to eventually produce ATP 1. Main action takes place in chloroplasts for photosynthesis and mitochondria for cell respiration 2. Krebs cycle and Calvin cycle are similar in that starting material is regenerated after molecules leave the cycles. 2. In photosynthesis, electrons come from water and end up as glucose. In cell respiration, electrons enter as glucose and end up as water. 3. G3P is formed in Calvin cycle and glycolysis. 3. NADH and FADH2 carry electrons in cell respiration, NADPH carries electrons in photosynthesis 4. Both photosynthesis and cell respiration are emergent properties, neither can create enough required products without all 3 processes (ex. Calvin cycle, Krebs cycle…) 4. ATP synthesis is main reason for cell respiration, whereas ATP is only a required product for photosynthesis to be able to create glucose. 5. Both have 2 processes feeding into the main one. 5. Oxygen is exhaust of photosynthesis whereas carbon dioxide is exhaust of cell respiration; oxygen is fuel of cell respiration and carbon dioxide is fuel of photosynthesis. (Opposite reactions) 6. ATP is a key molecule in each. 6. Photophosphorylation makes ATP in photosynthesis while oxidative phosphorylation makes it in cell resp (and some from substrate level phosphorylation) 7. Both rely heavily on movement of electrons for operation. Both use chemiosmosis, Active transport, and phosphorylation. 1 MS Sastry Leigh High School 8. Mitochondria of cell respiration and chloroplasts of photosynthesis have distinct similarities, for example, proton pumps pump H+ across a membrane from low to high concentration (An endergonic process requiring energy). Protons diffuse back across the membrane through ATP synthase driving synthesis of ATP. 9. Both organelles carry DNA, free ribosomes, 2 membranes, and used to be prokaryotes once upon a time… 2