Download VIII - UAMAHistory

CONTENTS
VIII. 1931-1960
A. Neutrality and World War II
1. Isolationism and the Neutrality Acts
2. Good Neighbor Policy (1933)
3. Election of 1940
4. Lend-Lease Act of 1941
B. United States in World War II
1. December 7, 1941
2. Opportunities for Women and African Americans
3. Office of Price Administration (OPA)
4. Internment of Japanese Americans
5. Korematsu v. United States (1944)
6. Two Front War
7. Atomic Bombs
C. Impact of World War II
1. Impact of World War II
2. GI Bill of Rights
3. War Crime Trials
4. Twenty Second Amendment
D. Beginning of the of the Cold War
1. Truman Doctrine
2. Marshall Plan
3. West Germany
4. Berlin Airlift
5. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
6. United Nations
E. Korean War
1. Containment
2. Korean War (1950-1953)
F. Fear of Communism at Home
1. Loyalty Review Boards and HUAC
2. Trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
3. McCarthyism
4. Domino Theory
5. Intervention in Latin America
6. Eisenhower Doctrine
7. Sputnik / Space Race(1957)
8. Hydrogen Bomb
G. Postwar America (1950s)
1. Suburbanization and the Middle Class
2. Baby Boom
IX. 1954-1975
A. Presidency of John F. Kennedy
1. President John F. Kennedy and the Cold War
2. Cuban Revolution
3. Bay of Pigs Invasion
4. Cuban Missile Crisis
5. Peace Corps
6. Engel v. Vitale (1962)
7. New Frontier Space Program
B. President Lyndon B. Johnson and the Great Society
1. Great Society Legislation
2. Environment and Consumer Protection
3. Warren Court and the Rights of the Accused
C. Civil Rights Movement
1. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)
2. Little Rock School Integration Crisis (1957)
3. Civil Rights Act of 1964
4. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Civil Disobedience
5. Affirmative Action
6. Voting Rights Act of 1965
D. Equal Rights
1. Native Americans
2. Spanish Speaking Americans
3. Feminism and NOW
4. Equal Pay Act of 1963
5. Betty Friedan, the Feminine Mystique
6. Equal Rights Amendment Proposal
7. Roe v. Wade (1973)
E. Vietnam War
1. Tonkin Gulf Resolution
2. Anti-War Protest Movement
3. Twenty Sixth Amendment
4. War Powers Act of 1973
5. Legacy of the Vietnam War
X. 1968-1999
A. Presidency of Richard M. Nixon
1. Detente (SALT I Treaty and GRAIN)
2. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
3. Watergate Scandal
B. Presidency of Jimmy Carter
1. Energy Crisis
2. Camp David Accords
3. Environmentalism
C. Presidencies of Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush
1. Supply-side Economics
2. Public Schools and the Supreme Court
3. Texas V. Johnson
4. Iran-Contra Affair
5. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
6. Collapse of the Soviet Union
7. Russian Federation
8. Persian Gulf War
D. Presidency of William Jefferson Clinton
1. Third Parties
2. Election of 1992
3. Intervention in Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, and Kosovo
4. Line-Item Veto
5. Whitewater Investigation
6. Election of 1996
7. Impeachment Trial of William Jefferson Clinton
E. Economy of the United States
1. United States Economy
2. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
3. Cuban Trade Embargo
4. Trade Imbalance with China and Japan
5. Consolidation and Downsizing of America
6. Federal Debt
XI. 21rst Century
A. Presidency of George Walker Bush
1. Election of 2000
2. Census
3. Economic Policies of President George W. Bush
4. PATRIOT ACT
5. Operation Iraqi Freedom
B. Electoral Reform
1. Congressional Term Limits
2. Electoral College System
3. Lobbying
4. Campaign Finance Reform
5. Media Election Coverage
C. Today's Issues and Problems
1. Social Security System and Medicare
2. United States Immigration Policy
3. Minimum Wage
4. Nuclear Proliferation
5. Computer Security and Identity Theft
______________________________________________________________________
VIII. 1931-1960
A. Neutrality and World War II
1. Isolationism and the Neutrality Acts
Between World War I and World War II, most Americans believed that the United States should
follow a foreign policy that emphasized
1. containment and interventionism
3. collective security and defensive alliances
2. neutrality and isolation
4. internationalism and free trade
Which factor encouraged an American policy of neutrality during the 1930s?
1. disillusionment with World War I and its results
2. decline in the military readiness of other nations
3. repeal of Prohibition
4. economic prosperity of the period
Which statement most accurately describes the foreign policy change made by the United States
between the start of World War II (1939) and the attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)?
1. The traditional isolationism of the United States was strengthened
2. The nation shifted from neutrality to military support for the Allies.
3. War was declared on Germany but not on Japan.
4. Financial aid was offered to both the Allied and Axis powers.
The Neutrality Acts of 1935–1937 were primarily designed to
1. avoid policies that had led to United States involvement in World War I
2. halt the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere
3. promote United States membership in the League of Nations
4. stop Japan from attacking United States territories in the Far East
Between 1934 and 1937, Congress passed a series of neutrality acts that were designed primarily to
1. strengthen the nation's military defenses
2. provide aid to other democratic nations
3. create jobs for unemployed American workers
4. avoid mistakes that had led to American involvement in World War I
Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 indicated that the United States desired to
1. isolate itself from conflicts in Europe and Asia
2. form alliances to stop the aggression of dictators
3. expand trade outside the Western Hemisphere
4. support the policies of the League of Nations
The Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the mid-1930s were efforts to
1. avoid mistakes that led the country into World War I
2. create jobs for the unemployed in the military defense industry
3. support the League of Nations efforts to stop wars in Africa and Asia
4. help the democratic nations of Europe against Hitler and Mussolini
The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were primarily designed to
1. avoid foreign policy decisions that led to the United States entry into World War I
2. prevent the United States from joining the League of Nations
3. avoid spending money on military development
4. strengthen the economy of the United States
The neutrality laws passed in the 1930's were based on the assumption that the surest way to avoid war
was for the United States to
1. maintain a superior army and navy
2. restrict loans to and limit trade with warring nations
3. discourage aggressors by threatening military reprisals
4. enter alliances with other democratic nations
Which series of events leading to World War II is in the correct chronological order?
1. Neutrality Acts --> Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor --> Lend-Lease Act --> United States
declaration of war on Japan
2. Lend-Lease Act --> Neutrality Acts --> United States declaration of war on Japan -->
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
3. United States declaration of war on Japan --> Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor --> LendLease Act --> Neutrality Acts
4. Neutrality Acts --> Lend-Lease Act --> Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor --> United States
declaration of war on Japan
In the early 1940's, the "destroyers-for-military-bases deal" with Great Britain and the Lend- Lease Act
were evidence that the United States
1. recognized that its policy of neutrality conflicted with its self-interest
2. believed that the Allied policy of appeasement would succeed
3. followed its policy of neutrality more strictly as World War II progressed in Europe
4. wanted to honor the military commitments it had made just after World War I
In 1939, the immediate response of the United States to the start of World War II in Europe was to
1. modify its neutrality policy by providing aid to the Allies
2. declare war on Germany and Italy
3. strengthen its isolationist position by ending trade with England
4. send troops to the Allied Nations to act as advisors
At the beginning of World War II, national debate focused on whether the United States should
continue the policy of
1. coexistence
2. containment
3. imperialism
4. isolationism
The League of Nations, the Washington Naval Conference, and the Kellog-Briand Pact were designed
to keep peace in the Northern Hemisphere. Why did these agreements fail to prevent World War II?
1. Independence movements in developing countries were too strong to be stopped
2. The United States was not a participant in any of the agreements
3. The agreements lacked enforcement powers
4. The United States was too involved in military rearmament
In the 1930's, Congress attempted to avoid the situations that led to United States involvement in
World War I by
1. enacting a peacetime draft law
2. passing a series of neutrality acts
3. authorizing the deportation of American Communist Party members
4. relocating Japanese Americans to internment camps
In the 1930's, the United States responded to the rise of fascism in Europe by
1. invading Germany and Italy
2. forming military alliances
3. passing a series of neutrality laws
4. joining the League of Nations
A primary objective of United States foreign policy during the 1930's was to
1. avoid involvement in Asian and European conflicts
2. protect business interests in Africa through direct intervention
3. strengthen international peacekeeping organizations
4. acquire overseas land as colonies
"Arms Sales of Warring Nations Banned"
"American Forbidden to Travel on Ships of Warring Nations"
"Loans to Nations at War Forbidden"
"War Materials Sold Only on Cash-and-Carry Basis"
These headlines from the 1930's reflect the efforts of the United States to
1. maintain freedom of the seas
2. send military supplies to the League of Nations
3. limit the spread of international communism
4. avoid participation in European wars
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In the cartoon, most of the "diseases" refer to the
1. military dictatorships of the 1930's
2. Allied powers of World War II
3. nations banned from the United Nations after World War II
4. Communist bloc countries in the Cold War
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The cartoon indicates the foreign policy position of the United States in response to the
1. start of the League of Nations
2. collapse of the global economy
3. beginning of World War II
4. spread of communism to Eastern Europe
Speaker A: "We cannot makes the same mistakes that led to the sinking of the Lusitania. Freedom of
the seas is important, but we must keep our ships away from possible danger."
Speaker B: "We should encourage Great Britain and France to follow a policy of appeasement."
Speaker C: "Continued isolation is the only alternative. Whichever way we turn in this conflict, we
find an alien ideology."
Speaker D: "The future of the free world depends now on the United States and Great Britain. We must
not only help win this war, but also ensure that no others occur in the future."
The speakers are most likely discussing the situation facing the United States just before
1. the American Revolution
2. the Spanish American War
3. World War II
4. the Korean War
Which speaker best expresses the ideas of internationalism
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
2. Good Neighbor Policy (1933)
In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced the Good Neighbor policy primarily to
1. increase immigration from Latin America
2. grant diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union
3. promote free trade with the nations of Europe
4. improve relations with Latin American nations
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy was designed mainly t
1. reduce border conflicts with Canada
2. increase acceptance of minorities within the United States
3. encourage Germany and the Soviet Union to resolve their differences
4. improve relations with Latin America
3. Election of 1940
The election of Franklin D. Roosevelt to a third term as President in 1940 was controversial primarily
because this action
1. upset the system of checks and balances
2. violated an amendment to the Constitution
3. challenged a long-held political tradition
4. interfered with the functioning of the electoral college
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's reelection in 1940 created a controversy that eventually led to
1. the Supreme Court declaring the election unconstitutional
2. the establishment of presidential term limits
3. an effort to increase voter participation
4. an attempt to increase the number of Justices on the Supreme Court
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's election to an unprecedented third term was most strongly influenced
by
1. his policy on immigration
2. his popularity among business executives
3. the beginnings of the Great Depression
4. the advent of World War II in Europe
4. Lend-Lease Act of 1941
Why was the United States called the "arsenal of democracy" in 1940?
1. The leaders in the democratic nations of Europe were educated in the United States.
2. Most of the battles to defend worldwide democracy took place on American soil.
3. The United States supervised elections in European nations before the war.
4. The United States provided much of the weaponry needed to fight the Axis powers.
Before entering World War II, the United States acted as the "arsenal of democracy" by
1. creating a weapons stockpile for use after the war
2. financing overseas radio broadcasts in support of democracy
3. providing workers for overseas factories
4. supplying war materials to the Allies
The main purpose of the lend-lease program enacted by the United States during World War II was to
1. sell weapons to both Allied and Axis nations
2. rehabilitate countries devastated by war and occupation
3. encourage the extension of democratic reforms in Germany
4. assist countries fighting the Axis Powers
During the early years of World War II, the Destroyer Deal and the Lend-Lease Act were efforts by the
United States to
1. help the Allies without formally declaring war 3. negotiate a settlement of the war
2. maintain strict neutrality toward the war
4. provide help to both sides in the war
Which series of events leading to World War II is in the correct chronological order?
1. Neutrality Acts --> Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor --> Lend-Lease Act --> United States
declaration of war on Japan
2. Lend-Lease Act --> Neutrality Acts --> United States declaration of war on Japan -->
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
3. United States declaration of war on Japan --> Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor --> LendLease Act --> Neutrality Acts
4. Neutrality Acts --> Lend-Lease Act --> Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor --> United States
declaration of war on Japan
Base your answer on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies.
. . . I also ask this Congress for authority and for funds sufficient to manufacture additional munitions
and war supplies of many kinds, to be turned over to those nations which are now in actual war with
aggressor nations.
Our most useful and immediate role is to act as an arsenal for them as well as for ourselves. They do
not need man power, but they do need billions of dollars worth of the weapons of defense.
The time is near when they will not be able to pay for them all in ready cash. We cannot, and we will
not, tell them that they must surrender, merely because of present inability to pay for the weapons
which we know they must have. . . .
—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Annual Message
to Congress, January 6, 1941
Which program was President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposing in this speech?
1. Fair Deal
2. Great Society
3. Lend-Lease
4. Cash and Carry
The Lend-Lease Act and the Destroyers-for-Bases deal were adopted prior to World War II primarily
because these actions would
1. help Allied nations without the United States entering the war
2. stop the spread of communism
3. convince the American people that war was necessary
4. create jobs to end the Great Depression
Prior to United States entry into World War II, Congress passed the Cash-and-Carry Act of 1939 and
the Lend-Lease Act of 1941. These foreign policy actions showed that the United States
1. gave equal support to both the Allied and Axis powers
2. attempted to contain the spread of communism
3. maintained a strict policy of isolationism
4. became increasingly drawn into the war in Europe
An immediate effect of the Lend-Lease program was that
1. Western Europe recovered from the damage caused by World War I
2. the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact
3. Japan declared war against the United States
4. the United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union
In 1939, the immediate response of the United States to the start of World War II in Europe was to
1. modify its neutrality policy by providing aid to the Allies
2. declare war on Germany and Italy
3. strengthen its isolationist position by ending trade with England
4. send troops to the Allied Nations to act as advisors
"The people of Europe who are defending themselves do not ask us to do their fighting. They as us for
weapons.... which will enable them to fight for their liberty and our security. Emphatically we must
get these weapons to them in sufficient volume and quickly enough, so that we and our children will be
saved the agony and suffering of war which others have had to endure...."
- President Franklin D. Roosevelt, December 29, 1940
The foreign policy objective stated by President Roosevelt in this address was to
1. provide military aid to the Allies without sending troops
2. maintain an isolationist policy towards the war in Europe
3. expand the military power of the United States
4. secure a declaration of war against the Axis Powers
"The people of Europe who are defending themselves do not ask us to do their fighting. They as us for
weapons.... which will enable them to fight for their liberty and our security. Emphatically we must
get these weapons to them in sufficient volume and quickly enough, so that we and our children will be
saved the agony and suffering of war which others have had to endure...."
- President Franklin D. Roosevelt, December 29, 1940
In this statement, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was asking the nation to
1. support a declaration of war against Nazi Germany
2. adopt a policy of containment
3. join the League of Nations
4. become the "arsenal of democracy"
- Cash and Carry (1937)
- Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal (1940)
- Lend Lease Act (1941)
Which change in United States foreign policy is demonstrated by the passage of these acts prior to
World War II?
1. a shift from neutrality toward more direct involvement
2. an effort to become more neutral
3. a movement from isolationism to containment of communism
4. a desire to provide aid to both Allied and Axis powers
B. United States in World War II
1. December 7, 1941
Which event brought the United States directly into World War II?
1. the sinking of the Lusitania by Germany
2. the invasion of Poland by Germany
3. the murder of many Jews throughout Europe
4. the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan
Which statement most accurately describes the foreign policy change made by the United States
between the start of World War II (1939) and the attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)?
1. The traditional isolationism of the United States was strengthened.
2. The nation shifted from neutrality to military support for the Allies.
3. War was declared on Germany but not on Japan.
4. Financial aid was offered to both the Allies and Axis powers
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 is an illustration of the
1. impact a single event can have on public opinion in a time of crisis
2. effectiveness of a policy of appeasement in stopping aggression
3. success of the pacifist movement in the United States
4. role of communism as a negative influence in global affairs
The main reason the United States entered World War II was to
1. gain additional overseas territories
2. stop totalitarian aggression
3. honor its treaty commitments
4. spread capitalist economic ideas to poor nations
2. Opportunities for Women and African Americans
Which change in American society occurred during World War II?
1. African Americans were granted equality in the armed forces.
2. Women were allowed to enter combat units for the first time.
3. Congress enacted the first military draft.
4. Women replaced men in essential wartime industries.
What was the primary reason for the increased migration of African Americans to cities during World
War II?
1. An increase in civil rights legislation occurred during this period.
2. The South was experiencing a major economic recession.
3. Industry in the North was expanding rapidly.
4. They had a patriotic desire to join integrated military units.
The experiences of African Americans serving in the military forces during World War II influenced
their postwar decision to
1. renew support for the principle of separate but equal
2. join the armed forces in record numbers
3. increase efforts to end racial discrimination
4. move back to the rural south
Base your answer on the accompanying poster and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0806/US0806037.GIF
During World War II, posters like this were used to
1. prevent antiwar protests
2. recruit more women workers
3. convince women to enlist in the military services
4. gain acceptance for wartime rationing programs
5. Base your answer on the posters shown and on your knowledge of social studies.
These posters were used during World War II to encourage women to
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0807/US0807036.GIF
1. serve in the armed forces
2. exercise their vote
3. buy war bonds
4. contribute to the war effort
World War I and World War II brought about changes for minorities and women because these
conflicts led to
1. the creation of new job opportunities
2. the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment
3. a greater number of high-level management positions
4. greater integration in housing and schools throughout the nation
During World War II, posters of Rosie the Riveter were used to
1. recruit women into wartime industries
2. encourage women to serve in the armed forces
3. promote women's suffrage
4. support higher education for women
After the end of World War II, many working women left their factory jobs because they were
1. fired from their jobs due to poor performance
2. unprepared for peacetime employment
3. forced to give up their jobs to returning war veterans
4. dissatisfied with their low wages
In the United States during World War II, the role of women changed as they
1. were drafted and assigned military roles equal to those held by men
2. continued to work outside the home only in jobs traditionally performed by women
3. made major contributions to the war effort by taking jobs in factories
4. achieved positions of leadership in most major industries
10. This poster was used during World War II to
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0699/US0699033.gif
1. encourage citizens to volunteer to serve in the Armed Forces
2. remind citizens not to be wasteful during the war
3. promote the sale of war bonds
4. encourage women to seek jobs in war-related industries
Base your answer on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0199/US0199036.GIF
In this cartoon, the main idea is that after World War II, many women might
1. insist that men be given back their pre-World War II jobs
2. demand the right to serve in combat in future wars
3. resist a return to their traditional role as homemakers
4. demand the right to vote and to seek public office
"Though I have found no Negroes who want to see the [Allies] lose this war, I have found many who,
before the war ends, want to see the stuffing knocked out of white supremacy. . . to win democracy for
ourselves at home and to help win the war for democracy the world over. . ."
—A. Philip Randolph.
Which war is most likely being discussed in this statement?
1. Revolutionary War
2. Civil War
3. World War II
4. Vietnam War
During World War II, many women experienced a change in role in that they
1. served in military combat positions
2. worked in jobs formerly held by men
3. controlled most corporations
4. chaired several congressional committees
Which statement identifies a change in American society during World War II?
1. economic opportunities for women increased
2. government regulation of the economy decreased
3. the Great Depression worsened
4. racial tensions were eliminated
During World War II, labor conditions in the United States resulted in
1. an expansion of economic opportunities for women
2. the creation of forced labor camps
3. a governmental takeover of most industries
4. a shortage of most military supplies
Which statement describes a major social and economic impact on American society during World
War II?
1. the Great Depression continued to worsen
2. more women and minorities found employment in factories
3. the United States became an agricultural society
4. consumer goods became easier to obtain
3. Office of Price Administration (OPA)
To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the
1. money borrowed from foreign governments
2. sale of war bonds
3. sale of United States manufactured goods to neutral nations
4. printing of additional paper money
Base your answer on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Speaker A : "The current situation has necessitated that more women enter the workforce."
Speaker B : "My family will have to get along without sugar and flour this week."
Speaker C : "I say we should continue to support our president, even if a president has never been
elected to four terms before now."
Speaker D : "I support the government in everything it has to do, to be sure we are safe from fascism
here at home."
The speakers would have made these statements during
1. World War I
2. World War II
3. the Korean War
4. the Vietnam War
Which situation is Speaker B describing?
1. destruction of crops during wartime
2. need for importation of food products
3. food rationing to support a war effort
4. limitation of agricultural production through
farm subsidies
A main purpose of government-ordered rationing during World War II was to
1. increase foreign trade
3. conserve raw materials for the war effort
2. limit the growth of industry
4. encourage women to enter the workforce
Base your answer on the accompanying cartoon and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0608/US0608030.GIF
Which feature of life on the home front during World War II is most clearly illustrated by this 1944
cartoon?
1. food rationing
3. juvenile delinquency
2. housing shortages
4. conserving natural resource
During World War II, the federal government used rationing to
1. hold down prices of military weapons
2. increase educational benefits for veterans
3. increase imports of scarce products
4. provide more resources for the military
Which congressional action not only raised money for World War II but also contributed to the
national debt?
1. requiring employers to withhold taxes from workers' paychecks
2. raising income tax rates
3. selling war bonds
4. enacting wage and price controls
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The use of this card, issued by the federal government, was intended to
1. help the automobile industry
2. support the troops in wartime
3. increase the use of gasoline
4. decrease the cost of automobiles
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During World War II, this poster was used primarily to
1. contain the spread of communism
2. create jobs for the unemployed
3. gain financial support for the war
4. convince women to fill vacant factory jobs
4. Internment of Japanese Americans
Which federal policy was enacted during World War II and justified as a wartime necessity?
1. a ban on German-language books
3. exclusion of Chinese immigrants
2. internment of Japanese Americans
4. adoption of the quota system of immigration
Which wartime policy toward Japanese Americans was upheld by the Supreme Court in its 1944 ruling
in Korematsu v. United States?
1. deportation to Japan
3. denial of voting rights
2. mandatory military service
4. confinement in internment camps
". . . The Director of the War Relocation Authority is authorized and directed to formulate and
effectuate [implement] a program for the removal, from the areas designated from time to time by the
Secretary of War or appropriate military commander under the authority of Executive Order No. 9066
of February 19, 1942, of the persons or classes of persons designated under such Executive Order, and
for their relocation, maintenance, and supervision. . . ."
-- Executive Order 9102, March 18, 1942
Shortly after this executive order was signed, federal government authorities began to
1. move Japanese Americans to internment camps
2. deport German and Italian aliens
3. detain and interrogate Chinese immigrants
4. arrest the individuals who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor
Based on a study of the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti (1920s) and the internment of Japanese Americans
(1940s) which conclusion is most accurate?
1. The Bill of Rights is not intended to apply to naturalized citizens.
2. Racial and ethic hostilities are effectively checked by adherence to due process of law.
3. Internment of suspected criminals is necessary during wartime.
4. Nativism and racism sometimes override the ideals of constitutional democracy.
A violation of civil rights that occurred in the United States during World War II was the
1. arrests made as a result of the Palmer raids
2. passage of an open immigration law
3. internment of Japanese Americans
4. forced removal of Native American Indians from their reservations
Which World War II action was later determined to be a violation of civil liberties?
1. rationing of scarce commodities
3. internment of Japanese Americans
2. employment of women in factories
4. use of a military draft
The constitutionality of relocating Japanese Americans during World War II was upheld by the United
States Supreme Court because the Japanese Americans were
1. needed as wartime spies
2. considered a threat to national security
3. openly providing military aid to Japan
4. critical of United States attacks on Japan
During World War II, many Japanese Americans living on the West Coast were relocated to detention
centers primarily because they
1. were known spies for Japan
2. were seen as a security threat
3. refused to serve in the United States military
4. expressed their support for Italy and Germany
Which factor contributed to the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II?
1. labor shortages during the war
2. influence of racial prejudice
3. increase of terrorist activities on the West Coast
4. fear of loss of jobs to Japanese workers
Which statement about Japanese Americans interned during World War II is most accurate?
1. many were forced to return to Japan at the conclusion of the war
2. no Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the United States armed services during the
war
3. most were released after signing a loyalty oath
4. many lost their homes and businesses
"Lincoln Suspends Writ of Habeas Corpus"
"Supreme Court Rules for Government in Draft Resister Case"
"Relocation of Japanese American Upheld by Supreme Court"
These headlines illustrate that during wartime
1. the liberties of individuals can be restricted
2. the role of the government in regulating the economy increases
3. most Americans support participation in wars
4. new job opportunities are created by increased demand
"... it is known that there are Japanese residents of California who have sought to aid the Japanese
enemy by way of communicating information...."
- Culbert Olson, Governor of California, February 1942
This statement helped influenced President Franklin D. Roosevelt to
1. ask Congress to declare war on Japan
2. force most Japanese Americans to leave the United States
3. send federal troops to guard California's capital
4. restrict the civil liberties of Japanese Americans
5. Korematsu v. United States (1944)
The decision of the Supreme Court in Korematsu v.United States (1944) upheld the power of the
president during wartime to
1. ban terrorists from entering the country
2. limit a group's civil liberties
3. stop mistreatment of resident legal aliens
4. deport persons who work for enemy nations
In Korematsu v. United States (1944), the Supreme Court said that the removal of Japanese Americans
from their homes was constitutional because
1. most Japanese Americans were not United States citizens
2. many Japanese Americans refused to serve in the United States Armed Forces
3. this type of action was necessary during a national emergency
4. there was strong evidence of significant Japanese sabotage on the West Coast
In both Schenck v. United States (1919) and Korematsu v. United States (1944), the Supreme Court
ruled that during wartime
1. civil liberties may be limited
3. drafting of noncitizens is permitted
2. women can fight in combat
4. sale of alcohol is illegal
One similarity between the laws being challenged in the United States Supreme Court cases of Plessy
v. Ferguson (1896) and Korematsu v. United States (1944) is that
1. specific groups of people were being targeted based on race or ethnicity
2. state laws were declared unconstitutional
3. immigrants were relocated to prison camps
4. federal laws segregating public transportation were upheld
The rulings of the supreme Court in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), and
Korematsu v. United States (1944) all demonstrated that the Supreme Court has
1. continued to extend voting rights to minorities
2. protected itself from internal dissent
3. sometimes failed to protect the rights of minorities
4. often imposed restrictions on free speech during wartime
The United States Supreme Court decision in Korematsu v. United States (1944) concerned
1. restricting freedom of the press
2. the president's right to use atomic weapons
3. limiting civil liberties during wartime
4. the right of women to serve in military combat
In the 1944 case Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that wartime conditions justified
the
1. use of women in military combat
3. limitations placed on civil liberties
2. ban against strikes by workers
4. reduction in the powers of the president
Which wartime policy toward Japanese Americans was upheld by the Supreme Court in its 1944 ruling
in Korematsu v. United States?
1. deportation to Japan
3. denial of voting rights
2. mandatory military service
4. confinement in internment camps
The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States (1919) and Korematsu
v. United States (1944) show that civil liberties are
1. considered more important than military goals
3. affected by state laws
2. not guaranteed to immigrants
4. limited in certain situations
Base your answer on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies.
"Korematsu was not excluded from the military area because of hostility to him or his race. He was
excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire, because the ... authorities feared an invasion
of our West Coast and felt constrained to take proper security measures."
--Justice Hugo Black
Korematsu v. United States, 1944
Which generalization is supported by this quotation?
1. Individual rights need to be maintained in national emergencies.
2. The Supreme Court lacks the power to block presidential actions taken during wartime.
3. Individual rights can be restricted under certain circumstances.
4. Only the Supreme Court can alter the constitutional rights of American citizens.
In Korematsu v. United States (1944), the Supreme Court said that the removal of Japanese Americans
from their homes was constitutional because
1. most Japanese Americans were not United States citizens
2. many Japanese Americans refused to serve in the United States Armed Forces
3. this type of action was necessary during a national emergency
4. there was strong evidence of significant Japanese sabotage on the West Coast
6. Two-Front War
What was the key challenge faced by the United States during World War II?
1. lack of public support fo the war effort
2. fighting the war on several fronts
3. difficulty gaining congressional support
4. total reliance on naval power
7. Atomic Bombs
A controversial issue that resulted from World War II was the
1. future role of the League of Nations
2. morality of nuclear warfare
3. commitment of troops without congressional approval
4. civilian control of the military
President Harry Truman's decision to use atomic bombs against Japan was primarily based on his
belief that
1. an invasion of Japan would result in excessive casualties
2. Germany would refuse to surrender in Europe
3. an alliance was developing between Japan and the Soviet Union
4. Japan was in the process of developing its own atomic weapons
4. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to
1. work on the development of an atomic bomb
2. increase economic production to meet wartime demands
3. defend New York City against a nuclear attack
4. recruit men for the military services
A reason that President Harry Truman decided to use atomic weapons against Japan was to
1. end the war while limiting the loss of American lives
2. punish the Japanese people by destroying their country
3. increase Japan's potential as a future aggressor
4. divert forces to fight Germany
Speaker A: "The use of the bomb shortened the war and saved American lives"
Speaker B: "The United States might have been able to force the Japanese to surrender simply by
demonstrating the power of the bomb on a deserted island."
Speaker C: "The use of the bomb was justified because of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor."
Speaker D: "In Hiroshima, the bomb instantly incinerated more than 60,000 people. Most were
civilians."
Which speakers hold the view that using the bomb was an appropriate military action
1. A and B
2. A and C
3. B and C
4. B and D
These statements most likely were made during the
1. Versailles Peace Conference (1919)
2. 1920's
3. Great Depression
4. post World War II period
C. Impact of World War II
1. Impact of World War II
After World War II, the United States was better able than its allies to adjust its economy from
wartime to peacetime because the United States
1. possessed nuclear weapons
3. had collected its war debts from the Allies
2. raised tariffs on imports
4. had suffered no widespread wartime destruction
In 1948, President Harry Truman showed his support for civil rights by issuing an executive order to
1. end the immigration quota system
2. assure equal status for women in military service
3. ban racial segregation in the military
4. guarantee jobs for Native American Indians
President Harry Truman advanced the cause of civil rights for African Americans by
1. ordering the desegregation of the Armed Forces
2. appointing the first African American to the Supreme Court
3. supporting the ratification of the 14th and 15th amendments
4. establishing affirmative action policies for industry
2. GI Bill of Rights
The GI Bill affected American society after World War II by
1. eliminating child labor
3. increasing spending on space exploration
2. expanding voting rights
4. extending educational and housing opportunities
A major purpose of the GI Bill (1944) was to
1. replace the draft near the end of World War II
2. prohibit racial discrimination in the armed forces
3. provide federal funds for veterans to attend college
4. increase the number of women working in defense industries
In 1944, Congress enacted the GI Bill of Rights in order to
1. provide economic aid to veterans 3. ban racial segregation in the armed forces
2. reduce military expenditures
4. create government jobs for returning soldiers
Toward the end of World War II, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act (first GI bill, 1944) attempted to
benefit American society by
1. guaranteeing racial equality in the Armed Forces
2. providing educational and financial assistance to veterans
3. abolishing the draft during peacetime
4. strengthening the concept of civilian control of the military
What was the main purpose of the GI Bill passed by Congress shortly before the end of World War II?
1. to offer low-interest loans to the defense industiry
2. to provide economic aid to veterans
3. to contain the spread of international communism
4. to expand career opportunities in the military
3. War Crime Trials
Which of these trials established the principle that leaders of a nation may be tried for crimes against
humanity?
1. Scopes
3. Sacco and Vanzetti
2. Rosenberg
4. Nuremberg
One reason the Nuremberg trials following World War II were held was to
1. bring Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo to justice
2. force Japan to pay for the attack on Pearl Harbor
3. make German leaders accountable for the Holocaust
4. punish the German government for bombing England
The primary purpose of the Nuremberg Trials following World War II was to determine the guilt or
innocence of
1. individuals responsible for the Holocaust
2. men who evaded the draft during the war
3. Americans who opposed United States participation in the war
4. Communists who supported the war
Convictions of war criminals by courts at Tokyo and Nuremberg following World War II showed that
1. government officials and military leaders could be held accountable for their actions
2. the United Nations accepted responsibility for international peacekeeping
3. the League of Nations could successfully enforce international law
4. nations that start wars would be forced to rebuild war-torn nations
In which pair of events is the second event a response to the first?
1. Truman Doctrine --> D-Day Invasion
3. Holocaust --> Nuremberg War Crimes trials
2. Manhattan Project --> Lend-Lease Act
4. Germany's invasion of Poland --> Munich
Conference
The war crimes trials of German and Japanese military officials following World War II established
that
1. it is difficult to convict leaders of crimes against humanity
2. civil liberties must be expanded for civilians during wartime
3. individuals can be held responsible for wartime atrocities against civilians
4. genocidal acts are acceptable during wartimes
4. Twenty Second Amendment
The election of Franklin D. Roosevelt to a third term as President in 1940 was controversial primarily
because this action
1. upset the system of checks and balances
3. challenged a long-held political tradition
2. violated an amendment to the Constitution
4. interfered with the functioning of the
electoral college
Since the 1950s, no United States president has run for a third term as president because
1. vice presidents are usually eager to succeed presidents
2. the public has not wanted a president to serve more than two terms
3. opposition within each president's political party has discouraged long tenure in office
4. a constitutional amendment was passed denying a president a third term in office
Before ratification of the 22nd amendment in 1951, most presidents served no more than two terms
because of
1. a federal law
2. a Supreme Court decision
3. the elastic clause
4. custom and tradition
Which feature of the Presidency is a result of a constitutional amendment?
1. two term limit in office
2. power to appoint ambassadors
3. duty to act as Commander in Chief
4. responsibility to nominate Justices to the Supreme Court
Presidents are prohibited from running for a third term of office by
1. an amendment to the Constitution
2. the unwritten constitution
3. an Executive order
4. a law of Congress
In 1944, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to a fourth term as President. Which action was taken to
prevent future Presidents from breaking the two-term tradition?
1. Both major political parties agreed to nominate a new candidate for President after an
incumbent's second term
2. A constitutional amendment was adopted placing term limits on the Presidency
3. the Supreme Court ruled that a President could serve for only eight years
4. an unwritten agreement was made by Presidential candidates that they would serve for no
more than two terms
Which government practice established under the unwritten constitution was later included in the
written Constitution by an amendment?
1. appointing members of the Cabinet
2. exercising judicial review
3. holding political party conventions
4. limiting the President's time in office to two terms
D. Beginning of the of the Cold War
1. Truman Doctrine
What was one result of World War II?
1. the arms race ended
2. the Cold War ended
3. Communism was eliminated
4. two superpowers emerged
" I suppose that history will remember my term iof office as the years when the 'cold war' began to
overshadow our lives. I have hardly had a day in office that has not been dominated by this allembracing struggle...and always in the background there has been the atomic bomb."
This quotation best reflects the presidential administration of
1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
2. Harry Truman
3. Richard Nixon
4. George Bush
In 1957, the Eisenhower Doctrine expanded the principles of the Truman Doctrine by extending
Middle East military assistance in order to
1. offset communist influence in the region
2. combat anti-American terrorist threats
3. force the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to end its oil embargo
4. defend Israel against Arab invasions
Issuing the Truman Doctrine, defending South Korea, and sending military advisors to Vietnam were
actions taken by the United States to
1. encourage membership in the United Nations
3. limit the spread of communism
2. promote American business in Asia
4. gain additional overseas colonies
In the Truman Doctrine, President Harry Truman pledged to
1. support Greece in its fight against communist aggression
2. fight hunger in Africa and Asia
3. strengthen the United States nuclear arsenal
4. reject a policy of containment
The Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine were United States polices concerning
1. the international balance of payments
3. worldwide environmental pollution
2. the containment of communism
4. nuclear disarmament
One similarity between the Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine is that both were designed
to
1. limit the spread of communism
3. restrict United States foreign aid
2. help develop the space program 4. assist rebellions against the Soviet Union
Base your answer on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies.
. . . I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting
attempted subjugation [control] by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.
I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to
economic stability and orderly political processes. . . .
—President Harry Truman, speech to Congress
(Truman Doctrine), March 12, 1947
The program described in this quotation was part of the foreign policy of
1. detente
3. neutrality
2. containment
4. colonialism
Which foreign policy decision by President Harry Truman is an example of the policy of containment?
1. relieving General MacArthur of his Korean command
2. recognizing the new nation of Israel
3. supporting the trials of war criminals in Germany and Japan
4. providing military aid to Greece and Turkey
The Truman Doctrine was originally designed to
1. stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons
2. contain communism by giving aid to Greece and Turkey
3. use the United Nations as a tool to eliminate threats posed by the Soviet Union
4. rebuild southeast Asia by extending economic aid
Which heading best completes the partial outline below?
I. _____________________
A. Open Door Policy
B. Panamanian Revolt (1903)
C. Roosevelt Corollary
D. Truman Doctrine
1. American Domestic Programs
2. Cold War Events
3. United States Interventionism
4. Efforts of Isolationism
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The main idea of this 1947 cartoon is that the United States was
1. concentrating on foreign affairs while ignoring domestic problems
2. alienating its traditional Western European allies by aiding Eastern European nations
3. creating a debt that the American economy could not afford
4. initiating a risky program with unknown consequences
"It is necessary only to glance at a map to realize that the survival.... of the Greek nation is of grave
importance in a much wider situation. If Greece should fall under the control of an armed minority,
the effect upon its neighbor, Turkey, would be immediate and serious. Confusion and disorder might
well spread throughout the entire region...."
- President Harry Truman, 1947
The United States government responded to the situation described in this situation by
1. reaffirming its commitment to isolationism
2. offering economic aid to many European nations
3. threatening a nuclear attack
4. supporting the efforts of the Warsaw Pact
2. Marshall Plan
The main reason for proposing the Marshall Plan was to
1. establish spheres of influence in China
2. limit communist influence in western Europe
3. establish American neutrality in the Cold War
4. prevent European intervention in the Western Hemisphere
The Marshall Plan (1948–1952) was a United States effort to assist the nations of Europe by
1. forming a strong military alliance
2. providing economic aid
3. sending United States troops to trouble spots
4. continuing Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union
Which action was taken by the United States government to help Europe's economic recovery after
World War II?
1. forming the Alliance for Progress
3. creating the Marshall Plan
2. sending troops to Turkey
4. joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The Marshall Plan (1948) and the Cuban missile crisis (1962) are most closely associated with
1. the establishment of the Peace Corps
2. the creation of the Alliance for Progress
3. United States-Soviet relations during the Cold War
4. an increase in trade between the United States and Cuba
Which United States program is most likely reflected in the amounts of nonmilitary foreign aid given
from 1947 to 1950?
1. Peace Corp.
3. Alliance for Progress
2. Marshall Plan
4. Lend Lease
The main foreign policy objective of the Marshall Plan (1948-1952) was to
1. stop communist aggression in Korea
2. fight poverty in Latin America
3. rebuild the economies of European nations
4. provide jobs for unemployed Americans
A common purpose of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Eisenhower Doctrine was to
1. carry out the United States policy of preventing the spread of communism
2. insure the survival of the newly independent nations of Africa and Asia
3. limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons
4. provide medical aid to Latin American nations
What was the main purpose of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Berlin Airlift?
1. controlling Nazism in Europe
2. establishing friendly relations between the United States and the Soviet Union
3. spreading democracy to developing nations
4. limiting Soviet expansion
After World War II, the Marshall Plan was proposed as a way to
1. improve diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union
2. help European nations recover economically
3. remove nuclear weapons from Western Europe
4. bring Nazi war criminals to justice
A goal of the Marshall Plan (1948) was to
1. rebuild Japan after World War II
2. provide military aid to the Warsaw Pact
3. establish a Pan-American military alliance system
4. provide economic aid to European nations threatened by communism
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Information provided by the graph indicates that the Marshall Plan tried to prevent the spread of
communism in Europe
1. providing military aid to France and Great Britain
2. restoring economic stability throughout western Europe
3. encouraging domestic revolutions in Europe
4. making European nations dependent on the United Nations
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The main idea of this cartoon from the late 1940's is that
1. Europe is slipping into chaos and revolution
2. American economic aid is assisting European recovery
3. containment is failing as a policy for stopping Soviet expansion in Western Europe
4. Europeans are not making serious attempts to solve their economic problems
3. West Germany
In the period following World War II, the United States established a long-term military presence in
West Germany in an effort to
1. support the unification of Europe, by force if necessary
2. stop communist expansion in Europe
3. prevent the renewal of German aggression in Europe
4. allow the United Nations to resolve international disputes
4. Berlin Airlift
What was the main purpose of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Berlin Airlift?
1. controlling Nazism in Europe
2. establishing friendly relations between the United States and the Soviet Union
3. spreading democracy to developing nations
4. limiting Soviet expansion
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Which event of 1948-1949 is illustrated by this cartoon?
1. Berlin Airlift
2. Collapse of the Berlin Wall
3. Reunification of Germany
4. allied invasion of Normandy
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The United States carried out the idea expressed in this late 1940's cartoon by
1. forming a military alliance with Russia
2. airlifting supplies to West Berlin
3. accepting Russian authority over West Berlin
4. agreeing to turn over control of Berlin to the United Nations
5. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
The primary reason for the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949 was
to
1. maintain peace in the Middle East
3. protect Western Europe from the Soviet Union
2. block the German Nazi threat in Europe 4. increase United States influence in Asia
The main reason that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed after World War II
was to
1. provide collective security against international Communist aggression
2. increase trade between European nations
3. encourage "people-to-people" peaceful diplomacy
4. rebuild Western European economies
After World War II, the United States occupied Japan, joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO), and helped organize the United Nations. These actions show that the United States was
1. concerned solely with rebuilding Europe 3. expanding its imperialistic empire
2. taking on greater global responsibility
4. returning to its policy of neutrality
The concept of collective security is best exemplified by the role of the United States in
1. forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
2. negotiating the Camp David accords
3. granting China most-favored-nation status
4. becoming a member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
In the late 1940s, an American statesman made this comment.
"There is nothing [the Soviets] admire so much as strength, and there is nothing for which they have
less respect than for weakness, especially military weakness."
This perception of the Soviet Union by United States leaders contributed most to the creation of the
1. Lend-Lease policy
2. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
3. United Nations
4. GI bill
An important effect of World War II on United States foreign policy was a
1. refusal to become involved in world affairs
2. smaller role for the President in foreign policy and national security issues
3. stronger commitment to collective security and world leadership
4. willingness to intervene only when the national economy is involved
After World War II, the United States departed most sharply from its traditional foreign policy when it
1. stopped foreign aid programs
2. sponsored disarmament treaties
3. organized global systems of alliances
4. recongized revolutionary governments
One result of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was that the two nations
1. broke all diplomatic ties
2. refused to trade with each other
3. formed competing military alliances
4. clashed over control of the Mediterranean Sea
Immediately after World War II, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union
became strained because
1. both nations were competing for supremacy in space exploration
2. the United States prevented the Soviet Union from joining the United Nations
3. each nation believed that the other was a threat to its national security
4. the United States used military forces in Cuba and South Vietnam
Speaker A: "We have to take care of our own problems. If we get too involved in the world's affairs,
we'll get draged into conflicts that have nothing to do with our own security."
Speaker B: "This world is different now. Two oceans can no longer protect us. We have to take a
leading role in order to stop problems before they harm our economic and security interests. We need
collective security, and we have to help our allies be economically strong."
Speaker C: "Perhaps if we had taken an active part in international peacekeeping organizations in the
past, we wouldn't have to take on the superpower role that we face now. Now we must get more
involved and met our international obligations."
Speaker D: "The arms makers and the bankers got us involved in war. The Europeans are only
interested in gaining territory. Let them solve their own problems."
Which speaker reflects the foreign policy beliefs of the Truman administration after World War II
1. A and B
2. A and D
3. B and C
4. C and D
The statements of speakers A and D express support for the policy of
1. containment
2. imperialism
3. internationalism
4. isolationism
"The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the
United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments. They are
determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage, and civilization of their peoples, founded on
the principles of democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law....."
- Preamble to the North Atlantic Treaty, 1949
The statement shows the commitment of the United States to the principle of
1. colonialism
2. neutrality
3. military
4. collective security
6. United Nations
The change in the nation's attitude toward membership in the League of Nations and membership in
the United Nations shows the contrast between
1. neutrality and containment
3. isolationism and involvement
2. appeasement and internationalism
4. interventionism and détente
One similarity between the League of Nations and the United Nations is that both were created to
1. establish an international armed force to police trouble spots in the world
2. manage the development of industry in economically distressed nations
3. prevent international disputes from escalating into major wars
4. bring democratic government to member nations
Following World War II, Eleanor Roosevelt was most noted for her
1. support of racial segregation in the United States military
2. role in creating the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3. opposition to the Truman Administration
4. efforts to end the use of land mines
United States participation in the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
after World War II demonstrated that the United States
1. recognized the importance of international cooperation
2. returned to the policy it followed after World War I
3. believed in the principle of hemispheric isolation
4. embraced a postwar policy of strict neutrality
E. Korean War
1. Containment
Base your answer on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies.
. . . I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting
attempted subjugation [control] by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.
I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to
economic stability and orderly political processes. . . .
—President Harry Truman, speech to Congress
(Truman Doctrine), March 12, 1947
The program described in this quotation was part of the foreign policy of
1. detente
3. neutrality
2. containment
4. colonialism
Issuing the Truman Doctrine, defending South Korea, and sending military advisors to Vietnam were
actions taken by the United States to
1. encourage membership in the United Nations
3. limit the spread of communism
2. promote American business in Asia
4. gain additional overseas colonies
Which foreign policy term would be the most appropriate title for the partial outline shown?
1. Imperialism
3. Noninvolvement
2. Appeasement
4. Containment
The Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine were United States polices concerning
1. the international balance of payments
3. worldwide environmental pollution
2. the containment of communism
4. nuclear disarmament
Which is a valid conclusion based on United States involvement in the Korean War?
1. The policy of containment was applied in Asia as well as in Europe
2. United Nations economic sanctions are more effective than military action
3. The American people will support United States participation in any war, whether declared
or undeclared.
4. United States cooperation with a wartime ally ends when the war ends
Which heading would be the most appropriate for the list below?
I. __________________________
A. Truman Doctrine
B. Marshall Plan
C. Berlin Blockade
D. Korean War
1. Containment Efforts
2. Tax-Reform Plans
3. Trade Agreements
4. Immigration Polices
Speaker A: "We must provide arms to the legitimate governments of Greece and Turkey if they are to
defeat Soviet-sponsored subversion."
Speaker B: "The first priority is to help rebuild the postwar economis of European countries so that
democratic governments can survive."
Speaker C: "Our main goal is to create a system of collective security agreements to deal with any
military threats."
Speaker D: "We must continue to build both our nuclear and our conventional arsenals if we are to
have any hope of world peace."
The central concern of all speakers is
1. the containment of communism
2. the defeat of the Axis Powers in World War II
3. a ban on the proliferation of nuclear weapons
4. the support of United Nations peacekeeping efforts
The primary goal of the United States foreign policy of containment was to
1. return to noninvolvement in world affairs
2. stop communist influence from spreading
3. gain territories in Africa and Latin America
4. overthrow existing dictatorships
". . . Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any
burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of
liberty. . . ."
-- President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961
This statement by President Kennedy suggests a continued commitment to the foreign policy of
1. isolationism
3. containment
2. appeasement
4. imperialism
President Harry Truman supported a containment policy after World War II in an ateempt to
1. limit the use of atomic bombs and other nuclear weapons
2. end colonialism in Africa and Asia
3. bring German and Japanese war criminals to justice
4. reduce the influence of the Soviet Union in European countries
Throughout the Cold War, most United States foreign policy was based on the belief that the United
States had the responsibility to
1. avoid foreign entanglements
2. prevent the spread of communism
3. support worldwide revolutions
4. provide economic aid to the nations of the Warsaw Pact
"After World War II, some United States foreign policy principles were significantly different from
those followed prior to the War."
This statement is best supported by a United States post-World War II policy of
1. sending troops to various areas of the world to prevent communist takeovers
2. maintaining friendly relations with Great Britain and France
3. abandoning the Monroe Doctrine in relations with Latin American nations
4. closing military bases around the world to save money for domestic program
2. Korean War (1950-1953)
Which list of wars that involved the United States is in the correct chronological order?
1. Vietnam War --> War on Terrorism --> Korean War --> World War II
2. Korean War --> World War II --> Vietnam War --> War on Terrorism
3. World War II --> Vietnam War --> War on Terrorism --> Korean War
4. World War II --> Korean War --> Vietnam War --> War on Terrorism
Which is a valid conclusion based on United States involvement in the Korean War?
1. The policy of containment was applied in Asia as well as in Europe
2. United Nations economic sanctions are more effective than military action
3. The American people will support United States participation in any war, whether declared
or undeclared.
4. United States cooperation with a wartime ally ends when the war ends
During the Korean War, President Harry Truman removed General Douglas MacArthur from
command because MacArthur
1. called for an immediate end to the war
2. refused to serve under the United Nations
3. lacked the experience to provide wartime leadership
4. threatened the constitutional principle of civilian control of the military
Base your answer on the maps (see image) and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0604/US0604033.GIF
Which generalization about the Korean War is supported by information on the maps?
1. The war began when South Korea attacked North Korea.
2. General MacArthur launched an invasion from China early in the war.
3. Neither side experienced a major military victory during the war.
4. At the end of the war, Korea remained a divided nation.
What was a major outcome of the Korean War (1950--1953)?
1. Korea continued to be a divided nation.
2. North Korea became an ally of the United States.
3. South Korea became a communist nation.
4. Control of Korea was turned over to the United Nations
The Palmer raids following World War I and the McCarthy hearings during the Korean War were
similar in that they were caused by fear of
1. new military weapons
3. communist influence in the United States
2. foreign invasions of the United States
4. economic depression
Which conclusion can best be drawn from the United States involvement in the Korean War and the
Vietnam War?
1. The Cold War extended beyond direct conflict with the Soviet Union.
2. Popular wars have assured the reelection of incumbent presidents.
3. War is the best way to support developing nations.
4. The threat of nuclear war is necessary to settle a military conflict.
Which action occurred for the first time in the early 1950's during the Korean War?
1. United States and Soviet troops fought on the same side
2. The United Nations used military force against an aggressor nation
3. A president was impeached for abusing his power as commander in chief
4. United States troops fought in Asia
"Soviets Create Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe"
"Mao Zedong Leads Successful Revolution in China"
"North Korean Invasion of South Korea Leads to War"
Which development is reflected in these headlines?
1. the post-World War II expansion of communism
2. the beginning of detente between the Soviet Union and the United States
3. the return to an isolationist foreign policy
4. the beginning of pro-democracy movements during the Cold War
F. Fear of Communism at Home
1. Loyalty Review Boards and HUAC
What was one similarity between the Red Scare following World War I and the Cold War following
World War II?
1. Fear of communism led to the suppression of the civil liberties of some Americans.
2. Large numbers of Russian revolutionaries settled in the United States.
3. congressional investigations proved that the federal government was heavily infiltrated by
communist spies.
4. Renewed fighting between wartime enemies was a constant threat.
A governmental action that was consistent with the Cold War mentality was the
1. establishment of loyalty reviews of government employees
2. reduction in military defense spending
3. elimination of the Central Intelligence Agency
4. adoption of the GI Bill of Rights
"There shall be a loyalty investigation of every person entering the civilian employment of any
department or agency of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government."
- The Truman Loyalty Order, March 22, 1947
President Harry Truman issued this executive order in response to
1. fear of Communist party influence in government
2. election of Socialist Party representatives to Congress
3. discovery of spies in defense industries
4. arrest and trial of high-ranking government employees for terrorism
2. Trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti in the 1920s was similar to the trial of the Rosenbergs in the 1950s in
that both trials were accompanied by
1. nativist fears of foreign influence in the United States
2. concern that the United States would sink into a depression
3. public reactions against organized crime
4. a grassroots movement to gain equal rights for minorities
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The protestors in the photograph are expressing their hatred for
1. fascists
2. communists
3. immigrants
4. police officers
3. McCarthyism
Who led a "witch hunt" for Communist spies in the United States government during the early 1950s?
1. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren
3. Senator Joseph McCarthy
2. President Dwight Eisenhower
4. Secretary of State Dean Acheson
Since the 1950s, the term McCarthyism has been applied to events that are related to
1. the basic rights of citizens to own and carry guns
2. the violent activities of international terrorists
3. reckless accusations unsupported by evidence
4. questionable methods used to finance political campaigns
Most opponents of the Senate hearings led by Senator Joseph McCarthy during the 1950s argued that
hese investigations
1. weakened the armed forces of the nation
2. violated the constitutional rights of many people
3. undermined the powers of the president
4. encouraged the spread of communism
Which factor is most closely associated with McCarthyism?
1. buildup of Soviet missiles in Cuba
2. fear of communist influence in the United States
3. rise of the Communist Party in China
4. creation of the Warsaw Pact by the Soviet Union
This criticism of Senator Joseph McCarthy and his supporters suggests that
1. Senator McCarthy did not do enough to protect the nation from Communist conspiracy
2. the tactics of Senator McCarthy were necessary to protect the basic principles of democracy
3. free speech must be limited in times of national crisis
4. Senator McCarthy was a great threat to the nation than Communist sympathizers were
Senator Joseph McCarthy built his power on the issue of the
1. need to weaken the role of Congress
2. extent of Communist influence in the federal government
3. decline of academic achievement among American students
4. importance of improving race relations
Today, the term "McCarthyism" is used to describe the practice of
1. removing members of Congress for abuses of power
2. investigating civil service employees for corruption
3. accusing a person of subversive activities without sufficient evidence
4. using illegal means to obtain evidence in criminal trials
President Harry Truman's order requiring loyalty checks and the Senate hearings led by Joseph
McCarthy were both responses to
1. excessive spending by the armed forces after World War II
2. racial discrimination against African Americans
3. fear of communist influence in government
4. control of labor unions by known criminals
In the post-World War II era, Senator Joseph McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities
Committee attempted to
1. develop an effective system for spying on other countries
2. make Cold War programs a priority in United States foreign policy
3. identify Communists in the government and elsewhere in American society
4. establish a policy of detente with the Soviet Union
The Palmer raids following World War I and the McCarthy hearings during the Korean War were
similar in that they were caused by fear of
1. new military weapons
2. foreign invasions of the United States
3. communist influence in the United States
4. economic depression
The Palmer Raids of 1919 and 1920 and McCarthyism of the 1950's were similar in that both were
1. responses to the large number of immigrants entering the United States
2. reactions to the fear of communist influence in the United States
3. direct causes of United States entry into war
4. long-term results of Presidential foreign policies
McCarthyism in the early 1950s resulted from
1. new commitments to civil rights for African Americans
2. opposition to the Marshall Plan
3. charges that Communists had infiltrated the United States government
4. increased public support for labor unions
What was a cause for the investigations of the House Un-American Activities Committee in the late
1940s and the investigations of a Senate committee headed by Joseph McCarthy in the early 1950s?
1. the belief that there were Communist agents in the federal government
2. excessive spending by the United States military
3. the corruption and bribery of members of Congress
4. actions of President Harry Truman that might have led to his impeachment
In the United States, the Red Scare of 1919 and the McCarthy Era of the early 1950's were periods of
1. severe economic depression
2. widespread support for groups promoting international anarchy
3. great growth in art, literature, and music
4. persecution of people suspected of holding anti-American political views
One way in which the Red Scare of the 1920's and McCarthyism of the 1950's were similar is that both
1. jeopardized the rights of individuals suspected of un-American activity
2. occurred during times of economic depression
3. addressed the issue of increased government bureaucracy after a world war
4. led to the imprisonment of ethnic minorities during wartime
The Red Scare and McCarthyism were similar in that both
1. advocated the development of the arts and sciences
2. supported United States foreign aid programs
3. encouraged nativist ideas
4. promoted economic development
Which situation resulted from Senator Joseph McCarthy's search for Communists within the United
States during the 1950s?
1. Thousands of American citizens who believed in communism were either jailed or deported.
2. The reputations of many people were ruined by false accusations of disloyalty.
3. Many high-ranking government officials were exposed as spies of the Soviet Union.
4. Organized groups of Communists began a wave of violent political terrorism.
The growth of McCarthyism in the early 1950s was based on
1. public fear concerning the spread of communism
2. outrage over government corruption
3. dissatisfaction with the results of World War II
4. opposition to the policy of containment
Since the 1950's, the term McCarthyism has been applied to events that are related to
1. the basic rights of citizens to own and carry guns
2. the violent activities of international terrorists
3. reckless accusations unsupported by evidence
4. questionable methods used to finance political campaigns
During the early 1950's, the tactics of Senator Joseph McCarthy were criticized because he
1. violated important constitutional liberties
2. displayed racial prejudice in his questions
3. opposed the use of loyalty oaths
4. ignored evidence of Soviet spying
Which heading is most appropriate for the partial outline below?
I. ___________________________
A. The House Un-American Activities Committee
B. Loyalty review boards
C. Bomb shelters
D. Watkins v. United States (1957)
1. Results of World War I
2. The Cold War at Home
3. Problems of Urbanization
4. Reactions to Immigration
Which would be the most appropriate entry for line D in the list below?
I. The Cold War at Home
A. The McCarthy Hearings
B. Alger Hiss case
C. House Un-American Activities Committee
D. __________________________
1. Labor unrest
2. Racial segregation
3. Wage and price controls
4. Loyalty oaths
Which heading would be most appropriate for the outline below?
I. ___________________________
A. Congress passes the Alien and Sedition Acts
B. President Abraham Lincoln suspends habeas corpus
C. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders internment of Japanese Americans
D. Senator Joseph McCarthy begins hearings on identifying communists
1. Changes in Economic Policy
2. Federalism and the Constitution
3. Checks and Balances at Work
4. Threats to Civil Liberties
".... The American people are sick and tired of being afraid to speak their minds lest they be politically
smeared as 'Communists' or 'Fascists' by their opponents. Freedom of speech is not what it used to be
in America. It has been so abused by some that it is not exercised by others. The American people are
sick and tired of seeing innocent people smeared and guilty people whitewashed. But there have been
enough proved cases the cause nationwide distrust and strong suspicion that there may be something to
the unproved, sensational accusations....."
-Senator Margaret Chase Smith, United States Senate, June 1, 1950
When Senator Smith spoke these words, she was reacting to
1. the Yellow Peril
2. McCarthyism
3. the Eisenhower Doctrine
4. Progressivism
4. Domino Theory (1954)
Which development is most closely associated with the belief in the domino theory?
1. military involvement in Vietnam
3. signing of the nuclear test ban treaty
2. construction of the Berlin Wall
4. end of the Korean War
Which foreign policy concept influenced the decision of the United States to become militarily
involved in Southeast Asia in the 1950s and 1960s?
1. appeasement
3. peaceful coexistence
2. detente
4. domino theory
The domino theory was used to justify United States involvement in the
1. War on Poverty
3. Bosnian crisis
2. Berlin airlift
4. Vietnam War
In foreign affairs, the domino theory was mainly applied to
1. United States involvement in Latin America
2. Japanese expansion in East Asia
3. the communist threat in Southeast Asia
4. the movement for national independence in Africa
5. Intervention in Latin America
"U.S. Sponsors Panamanian Revolution" (1903)
"U.S. Establishes Military Rule in Dominican Republic" (1916)
"CIA Supports Overthrow of Guatemala Regime" (1954)
These headlines suggest that
1. United States interests in Latin America have often led to intervention
2. the United States is willing to fight to maintain the independence of Latin American nations
3. Latin American nations have declared war on the United States several times
4. Latin American nations are able to run their governments without United States help
6. Eisenhower Doctrine
In 1957, the Eisenhower Doctrine expanded the principles of the Truman Doctrine by extending
Middle East military assistance in order to
1. offset communist influence in the region
2. combat anti-American terrorist threats
3. force the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to end its oil embargo
4. defend Israel against Arab invasions
When President Dwight D. Eisenhower said "If you knock down the first of a row of dominoes, all the
others will fall in quick order," he was expressing a view that led to
1. decreased foreign aid to Western Europe
2. less restrictive immigration policies toward Africa and Latin America
3. stronger support for United States involvement in Southeast Asia
4. the end of colonialism in Africa
The Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine were United States polices concerning
1. the international balance of payments
3. worldwide environmental pollution
2. the containment of communism
4. nuclear disarmament
The Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) was an effort by the United States to
1. gain control of the Suez Canal
2. take possession of Middle East oil wells
3. find a homeland for Palestinian refugees
4. counter the influence of the Soviet Union in the Middle East
"Eisenhower Sends U.S. Troops to Protect Lebanon"
"Kennedy Places Quarantine on Shipment of Soviet Missiles to Cuba"
"Johnson Increases U.S. Troop Strength in Vietnam by 125,000"
Which statement about the Cold War is illustrated by these headlines?
1. Rivalries between the superpowers often involved conflicts in other nations.
2. United States military support was most often deployed in Europe.
3. Communist forces were frequently victorious in Asia.
4. Summit talks frequently succeeded in limiting international tensions.
One similarity between the Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine is that both were designed
to
1. limit the spread of communism
3. restrict United States foreign aid
2. help develop the space program
4. assist rebellions against the Soviet Union
7. Sputnik / Space Race (1957)
The immediate impact of the 1957 launch of Sputnik I was that it
1. forced the United States to find new sources of fuel
2. focused attention on the need to regulate the uses of outer space
3. heightened the space race as a form of Cold War competition
4. ended the period of peaceful coexistence between the United States and the Soviet Union
Which pair of events shows a correct cause-and-effect relationship?
1. secession of South Carolina --> election of Abraham Lincoln
2. United States enters the Spanish-American War --> sinking of the USS Maine
3. passage of the Meat Inspection Act --> publication of The Jungle
4. Soviets launch Sputnik --> United States lands astronauts on the Moon
Which development led to the other three?
1. The United States government increased funding for science and math education.
2. The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite.
3. A joint Soviet-American space mission was announced.
4. President John F. Kennedy set the goal of landing a man on the Moon.
The successful launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957 signaled the beginning of
1. American fears that the Soviet had achieved technological superiority
2. the cold war with the United States
3. Soviet aggression in Afghanistan and China
4. disarmament discussions between the superpowers
"Sputnik Launch Propels Soviets Ahead in Space Race"
In 1957, the United States government responded to the event described in this headline by
1. reducing military spending
2. building a joint space station with the Soviet Union
3. constructing President Ronald Reagan's "Star Wars" defense system
4. providing funds to improve the educational system in the United States
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Which event of the 1950's most likely led to the publication of this cartoon?
1. Russia put cosmonauts on the Moon
2. The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite
3. The United States was defeated in the Vietnam
4. American students scored low on tests in math and science
8. Hydrogen Bomb
During the Cold War era, the United States and the Soviet Union were hesitant to become involved in
direct military conflict mainly because of
1. the threat of China to both nations
2. pressure from nonaligned nations
3. the potential for global nuclear destruction
4. mutual dependence on Middle East petroleum
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What does this photograph indicate about the United States in the 1950's
1. extraordinary steps were taken to hide atomic weapons
2. the nation had become the only nuclear superpower
3. much fear was created by the Cold War
4. only government officials would be safe in a nuclear attack
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What is the main idea of this 1945 cartoon?
1. the world community needs to stop the spread of nuclear weapons
2. Korea's development of atomic bombs has threatened world peace
3. the Treaty of Versailles was successful in preventing World War II
4. Germany should be criticized for using atomic bombs
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The main idea expressed in the cartoon involves the
1. relationship between consumer needs and military needs
2. problems created by the development of nuclear weapons
3. need for all people to be informed about world affairs
4. problems associated with the shift from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy
" I suppose that history will remember my term iof office as the years when the 'cold war' began to
overshadow our lives. I have hardly had a day in office that has not been dominated by this allembracing struggle...and always in the background there has been the atomic bomb."
This quotation best reflects the presidential administration of
1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
2. Harry Truman
3. Richard Nixon
4. George Bush
G. Postwar America (1950s)
1. Suburbanization and the Middle Class
Base your answer to the question on the song excerpt below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Little boxes on the hillside,
little boxes made of ticky tacky,
Little boxes on the hillside,
Little boxes all the same.
There's a green one and a pink one
And a blue one and a yellow one
And they're all made out of ticky tacky,
And they all look just the same.
—Malvina Reynolds
This song from the 1950s expresses
1. criticism of suburban growth
2. encouragement for families to build backyard fallout shelters
3. praise for the variety of goods available to American consumers
4. excitement over the expansion of public housing programs
Base your answer on the accompanying photograph and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0806/US0806038.GIF
This photograph shows the post-World War II growth that was typical of
1. tourist resorts
3. inner cities
2. suburban communities
4. public housing projects
Which decade was marked by the beginnings of the space race, suburbanization, and a continuing baby
boom?
1. 1890s
3. 1950s
2. 1930s
4. 1970s
As a result of the Interstate Highway Act of 1956, the United States experienced
1. increased suburban growth
2. the elimination of urban renewal programs
3. less air pollution from motor vehicles
4. a reduction in United States dependence on foreign oil
Base your answer on the diagram shown and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0602/US0602035.GIF
Which development following World War II caused the urban-suburban pattern shown in the diagram?
1. increase in the number of farms
2. expansion of highways and automobile ownership
3. movement of most factories to rural areas
4. decline in the number of middle-income families
The rapid growth in personal income in the decade after World War II contributed to
1. a decrease in the birthrate
2. a major economic depression
3. expansion of the midle class
4. shortages in the supply of luxury goods
A population movement that developed in the United States immediately after World War II was the
migration of white, middle-class Americans from
1. the west coast to the east ocast
2. the Northeast to the Sunbelt
3. the cities to the suburbs
4. the suburbs to renewal areas in inner cities
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Which situation is associated with the trends in agriculture shown in these tables?
1. farm foreclosures decreased
2. farm size was substantially reduced
3. farm output declined
4. farmers became a smaller percentage of the labor force
2. Baby Boom
During the next 30 years, what will be the most likely impact of the baby boom that followed World
War II?
1. More money will be spent on national defense.
2. The cost of health care will decrease.
3. Social Security will have to provide for increasing numbers of retired people.
4. The elderly will be the smallest segment of the population.
Which decade was marked by the beginnings of the space race, suburbanization, and a continuing baby
boom?
1. 1890s
3. 1950s
2. 1930s
4. 1970s
How did the post--World War II baby boom affect American society between 1945 and 1960?
1. It decreased the demand for housing.
2. It bankrupted the Social Security System.
3. It increased the need for educational resources.
4. It encouraged people to migrate to the Sun Belt.
The aging of the baby boom generation will most likely result in
1. an increase in Social Security spending
2. a decrease in health care costs
3. a decrease in infant mortality in the United States
4. a balanced federal budget
The baby boom primarily resulted from the
1. economic prosperity of the 1920s
2. Great Depression of the 1930s
3. delay in marriages during World War II
4. counterculture movement of the 1960s
Which change in the demographic pattern of the United States is currently contributing most to the
problems facing the Social Security system?
1. aging of the baby boomers
3. migration to the Sunbelt
2. shorter life span of the elderly
4. decline in the rate of immigration
Population increases that resulted from the baby boom of the 1950's and 1960's contributed to a
1. housing surplus
2. drop in immigration
3. reduction in government services
4. rise in demand for consumer goods
IX. 1954-1975
A. Presidency of John F. Kennedy
1. President John F. Kennedy and the Cold War
In a farewell message to the American public, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned of the growth
of the "military-industrial complex." This term refers to the
1. influence of defense contractors in Congress
2. threat from the Soviet Army
3. internal danger from Communist spies
4. economy's dependence on oil imported from the Middle East
". . . Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any
burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of
liberty. . . ."
-- President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961
This statement by President Kennedy suggests a continued commitment to the foreign policy of
1. isolationism
3. containment
2. appeasement
4. imperialism
". . . Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any
burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of
liberty. . . ."
-- President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961
Which conclusion is best supported by this quotation from the Inaugural Address of President John F.
Kennedy in 1961?
1. the Cold War was over, and the Soviet Union was beginning to unravel
2. President Kennedy was encouraging a very strong presence in foreign policy in the postWorld War II period
3. Compromise and appeasement were the best avenues to world peace
4. President Kennedy understood the limitations of power, even for a strong nation like the
United States
2. Cuban Revolution
What was a result of the takeover of Cuba by Fidel Castro?
1. Relations between the Soviet Union and Cuba worsened.
2. Many Cuban Americans returned to their homeland.
3. Trade between the United States and Cuba increased.
4. Many people fled from Cuba to the United States.
The United States began a trade embargo against Cuba in the 1960s to
1. encourage political change in Cuba
2. promote domestic industries in Cuba
3. motivate Cubans to immigrate to the United States
4. end the domination of the banana industry by Cuba
3. Bay of Pigs Invasion
President John F. Kennedy supported the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba as an effort to
1. remove a communist dictator from power
2. stop the flow of illegal drugs to the United States
3. support Fidel Castro's efforts for reform
4. rescue hostages held by Cuban freedom fighters
President John F. Kennedy's most significant foreign policy failure involved the
1. invasion at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba
2. development of the Peace Corps
3. signing of a nuclear test-ban treaty
4. sending of troops to Berlin
4. Cuban Missile Crisis
"Batista Driven from Power"
"Bay of Pigs Invasion Fails"
"U-2 Planes Reveal Soviet Missiles"
These headlines refer to the relationship between the United States and
1. Canada
3. Mexico
2. Cuba
4. Panama
Base your answer on the statement below and on your knowledge of social studies.
. . . But this secret, swift, and extraordinary buildup of Communist missiles—in an area well known to
have a special and historical relationship to the United States and the nations of the Western
Hemisphere, in violation of Soviet assurances, and in defiance of American and hemispheric policy—
this sudden, clandestine [secret] decision to station strategic weapons for the first time outside of
Soviet soil—is a deliberately provocative and unjustified change in the status quo which cannot be
accepted by this country, if our courage and our commitments are ever to be trusted again by either
friend or foe. . . .
— President John F. Kennedy, October 22, 1962
What is a valid conclusion based on this statement?
1. Strategic weapons of the United States should be stationed on foreign soil.
2. An isolationist foreign policy is the most effective way to preserve peace.
3. Presidential attempts were made to end military alliances.
4. Geographic location plays an important role in determining foreign policy
Base your answer on the statement below and on your knowledge of social studies.
. . . But this secret, swift, and extraordinary buildup of Communist missiles—in an area well known to
have a special and historical relationship to the United States and the nations of the Western
Hemisphere, in violation of Soviet assurances, and in defiance of American and hemispheric policy—
this sudden, clandestine [secret] decision to station strategic weapons for the first time outside of
Soviet soil—is a deliberately provocative and unjustified change in the status quo which cannot be
accepted by this country, if our courage and our commitments are ever to be trusted again by either
friend or foe. . . .
— President John F. Kennedy, October 22, 1962
This statement is most closely associated with the
1. Bay of Pigs invasion
3. United States-Soviet space race
2. Cuban missile crisis
4. nuclear test ban controversy
The 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion and the 1962 missile crisis are conflicts directly related to United States
relations with which two nations?
1. the Dominican Republic and Haiti
2. Cuba and the Soviet Union
3. China and Japan
4. North Korea and South Korea
During the early 1960s, the United States had to deal with the building of the Berlin Wall, the Bay of
Pigs invasion, and the Cuban missile crisis. Each of these events was a direct result of the
1. United States continued support of United Nations decisions
2. continuing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union
3. United States failure to remain involved in world affairs
4. concern for the safety of Americans living in foreign nations
The Cuban missile crisis (1962) influenced President John F. Kennedy's decision to
1. negotiate the limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the Soviet Union
2. reduce the nation's commitment to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
3. forbid Americans to trade with and travel to Latin America
4. send Peace Corps volunteers to aid developing countries
What was one outcome of the Cuban missile crisis in 1962?
1. Cuba became a communist nation
2. The United States seized military control of Cuba
3. The Soviet Union withdrew its nuclear missile from Cuba
4. Fidel Castro met with President John F. Kennedy
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President John F. Kennedy attempted to deal with the situation shown in the map by
1. bombing all the missile sites simultaneously
2. imposing a naval blockade to isolate Cuba from the Soviet Union
3. allowing the Soviet Union to keep some missiles in Cuba if the remainder were removed
4. landing an invasion force on the Cuban mainland
What was the main reason for President Kennedy's action toward Cuba?
1. Cuba is located close to the United States
2. The United States needed to protect business investments in Cuba
3. The cost of building missile defense bases in Florida was high
4. Cuba threatened to seize United States merchant ships in the Caribbean
The Marshall Plan (1948) and the Cuban missile crisis (1962) are most closely associated with
1. the establishment of the Peace Corps
2. the creation of the Alliance for Progress
3. United States-Soviet relations during the Cold War
4. an increase in trade between the United States and Cuba
5. Peace Corps
The Peace Corps was established by President John F. Kennedy in an effort to provide
1. support to developing nations of the world
3. markets for consumer goods
2. job training for the unemployed
4. teachers for inner-city areas
One reason for the creation of the Peace Corps by President John F. Kennedy was to
1. stop the spread of AIDS in Africa and Asia
3. provide workers for industrial nations
2. gain control of territory in Latin America
4. give support to developing nations
The Peace Corps was established by President John F. Kennedy in an effort to provide
1. support to developing nations of the world
3. markets for consumer goods
2. job training for the unemployed
4. teachers for inner-city areas
One reason for the creation of the Peace Corps by President John F. Kennedy was to
1. stop the spread of AIDS in Africa and Asia
3. provide workers for industrial nations
2. gain control of territory in Latin America
4. give support to developing nations
".... My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for your, but what together we can
do for the freedom of man...."
- John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961
To implement the idea expressed in this statement, President Kennedy supported the
1. creation of the Marshall Plan
2. formation of the Peace Corps
3. removal of the United States from Korea
4. establishment of the South East Asia Treaty Organization
One way in which President John F. Kennedy's Peace Corps and President Lyndon Johnson's
Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA) are similar is that both programs attempted to
1. increase domestic security
2. support United States troops fighting overseas
3. improve the quality of people's lives
4. provide aid to immigrants coming to the United States
6. Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Which category most accurately completes the heading for the partial outline below?
I. Supreme Court Cases that Deal With_________________________
A. Engel v. Vitale (1962)
B. Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969)
C. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
D. Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)
1. Right to Counsel
2. Student Rights
3. School Integration
4. Federal Funding of Education
Base your answer on the cartoon shown and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0606/US0606036.GIF
The cartoonist is commenting on public reaction to the Supreme Court decision that
1. restricted attendance in churches 3. declared school-sponsored prayer unconstitutional
2. mandated home-based prayer
4. banned public observance of religious holidays
In the United States Supreme Court case Engel v. Vitale (1962), concerning the separation of church
and state, the Court banned
1. state-required student prayer in public schools
2. the study of religions in public schools
3. released time for religious instruction for public school students
4. transportation of students to parochial schools at public expense
7. New Frontier Space Program
President John F. Kennedy's New Frontier program was most successful in
1. establishing social welfare programs to end poverty
2. passing civil rights legislation assuring fair housing and equal employment opportunities
3. removing restrictions on the number of immigrants entering the United States
4. expanding the United States space program
"... We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things,
not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and
measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenges is one that we are willing to accept,
one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too....."
- President John F. Kennedy, speech at Rice University, September 12, 1962
The main purpose of this speech was to win public support for
1. establishing a missile defense system on the moon
2. cooperating with communist countries in exploring space
3. surpassing the Soviet Union in the space race
4. controlling the spread of nuclear weapons
B. President Lyndon B. Johnson and the Great Society
1. Great Society Legislation
Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson supported domestic policies that
1. favored only one region of the nation
3. led to tax cuts for all Americans
2. attempted to increase the wealth of the rich
4. provided direct help to those in need
One goal of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society was to
1. improve the quality of life for the poor
3. send additional troops to Vietnam
2. privatize many government programs
4. reduce the number of nuclear weapons
One way in which the New Deal, the Fair Deal, and the Great Society are similar is that these
programs
1. promoted the idea of "rugged individualism"
2. increased government commitment to the well-being of the people
3. reduced the amount of money spent on domestic programs
4. encouraged the states to take a more active role in national defense
The chief objective of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs was to
1. increase foreign aid to developing nations
2. correct environmental pollution
3. help the disadvantaged in the United States
4. unite democratic nations and contain communism
The Great Society legislation enacted under President Lyndon B. Johnson is an example of
1. the increased power of the states to deal with economic problems
2. a reliance on laissez-faire capitalism to combat continuing inflation
3. direct federal involvement in the United States economy to address the problems of poverty
4. decreased support for the concerns of minority groups
Base your answer to the question on the cartoon shown and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0802/US0802050.GIF
Which federal government program was designed to solve the problem illustrated in this cartoon?
1. Great Society
3. New Federalism
2. Peace Corps
4. Dollar Diplomacy
Which initiative was part of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program?
1. providing medical care to the poor and elderly
2. reducing federal aid to education
3. increasing foreign aid to the Soviet Union
4. opposing civil rights legislation
A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society was to
1. provide government aid to business
3. conserve natural resources
2. end poverty in the United States
4. stop emigration from Latin America
A major goal of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program was to
1. control economic inflation
3. repeal several New Deal social programs
2. end poverty in the United States 4. return responsibility for welfare programs to the states
The term Great Society was used by President Lyndon B. Johnson to describe his efforts to
1. lower taxes for all Americans
3. end poverty and discrimination in the United States
2. win the race for outer space
4. improve the nation's armed forces
The Great Society programs of the 1960's used the power of the Federal Government to bring about
1. an all-volunteer military
3. deregulation of business
2. antipoverty reforms
4. reduced defense spending
President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society is similar to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal
in that both programs
1. sought ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to guarantee equality for women
2. advocated passage of civil rights laws to help African Americans
3. supported federal funding of programs for the poor
4. approved efforts by states to reduce taxes for the middle class
President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society was an effort to solve the problem of
1. poverty
2. drug trafficking
3. overpopulation
4. illegal immigration
". . . the Great Society is not a safe harbor, a resting place, a final objective, a finished work. It is a
challenge constantly renewed, beckoning us toward a destiny where the meaning of our lives matches
the marvelous products of our labor. . . ."
—President Lyndon B. Johnson.
This statement supports President Johnson's belief that the federal government has a responsibility to
1. protect the national security
3. assume the responsibilities of state governments
2. guarantee the rights of workers
4. improve the general welfare
Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program was aimed at reducing the social pressures caused by
1. poverty and urban deterioration 3. environmental pollution
2. the war in Vietnam
4. political corruption
One similarity between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Lyndon B. Johnson is that both
1. believed strongly in states rights
2. expanded the power of the Presidency
3. supported a strict construction of the Constitution
4. oppossed most civil rights legislation
Which action was a common objective of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal and President
Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society?
1. eliminating nuclear weapons
2. helping those living in poverty
3. lowering barriers to immigration
4. breaking up business monopolies
President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs were similar to Progressive Era programs in that
both
1. strictly enforced antitrust laws
2. focused on expanding civil rights for African Americans
3. used federal government power to improve social conditions
4. made urban renewal their primary concern
One similarity in the presidential administrations of Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and
Lyndon Johnson is that each
1. maintained a foreign policy of neutrality
2. expanded the power of the presidency
3. removed Supreme Court Justices from office
4. decreased the size of the military
President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program was aimed at reducing the social pressures caused
by
1. poverty and urban deterioration
2. the war in Vietnam
3. environmental pollution
4. political corruption
The passage of the Medicare Act of 1965 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 shows that
1. health care is no longer a political issue
2. New Deal principles continue to have a significant influence on later legislation
3. government programs have been successful in correcting discrimination
4. Federal policies continue to emphasize individual responsibility for health and welfare
Which federal government program has been most affected by the longer life expectancy of people in
the United States?
1. Medicare
3. War on Poverty
2. Americans with Disabilities Act
4. No Child Left Behind Act
In 1965, Congress established Medicare to
1. provide health care to the elderly
3. grant scholarships to medical students
2. assist foreign nations with their health problems 4. establish universal health care
2. Environment and Consumer Protection
The goal of both Upton Sinclair in the early 1900s and Ralph Nader in the 1960s was to
1. limit immigration to those with skills needed by American industry
2. encourage the growth of American business interests
3. protect the environment
4. expose social and economic problems
Rachel Carson and Ralph Nader are similar to the muckrakers of the Progressive Era because they
have
1. advocated a total change in the structure of government
2. attempted to expose societal problems
3. failed to influence public opinion
4. supported anti-American activities
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Unsafe at Any Speed by Ralph Nader were both intended to
1. publicize the growing violence in American society
2. suggest that a poor person could get rich with hard work
3. encourage immigration reform
4. make the public aware of the poor quality of certain products
How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis (1890)
The Jungle, Upton Sinclair (1906)
The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck (1939)
Unsafe at Any Speed, Ralph Nader (1965)
What has been the impact of these authors and their books on American society?
1. most Americans have developed a preference for escapist and romantic literature
2. most American authors have adopted a conservative viewpoint
3. American business has corrected poor conditions quickly
4. these works have had significant influence on social, political, and economic reforms
3. Warren Court and the Rights of the Accused
In the 1950s and 1960s the United States Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren was
characterized as
1. applying a loose interpretation of the Constitution to increase individual rights
2. following precedents rather than overturning them
3. stressing states rights and local control
4. emphasizing law and order by severely limiting the rights of the accused
In the 1950s and 1960s, the decisions of the United States Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl
Warren tended to
1. expand the rights of individuals
3. deal harshly with persons accused of crimes
2. reduce government regulation of business 4. increase the power of state governments
One similarity in the Supreme Court decisions in Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona is that
both decisions
1. expanded the rights of the accused
2. improved the ability of the police to gather evidence
3. lengthened sentences for violent felony offenses
4. set limits on the use of the death penalty
The Supreme Court cases of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) dealt with
the constitutional principle of
1. freedom of religion
3. separation of powers
2. freedom from unreasonable search
4. rights of the accused
Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0100/US0100036.GIF
The man holding the sign is objecting to Supreme Court decisions that
1. redefined the right to assemble peacefully
3. expanded the right to bear arms
2. strengthened the separation of church and state 4. increased the rights of the accused
The Supreme Court decisions in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) have
been criticized because these rulings
1. expanded the rights of the accused
3. lengthened prison sentences for the guilty
2. granted more powers to federal judges
4. reinstated the use of capital punishment
The Supreme Court decisions in Mapp v. Ohio, Gideon v. Wainright, and Miranda v. Arizona all
expanded
1. integration of public facilities
3. presidential powers
2. rights of the accused
4. equality in the workplace
The United States Supreme Court decisions in Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona have
extended the rights of the accused to
1. a speedy trial
2. reasonable bail
3. legal counsel
4. an impartial jury
In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court ruled that persons
convicted of crimes had been
1. denied due process of law
2. denied a speedy and public trial
3. vicitimized by illegal search and seizure
4. sentenced to cruel and unusual punishment
What was a central issue in the Supreme Court cases of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) and Miranda v.
Arizona (1966)?
1. freedom of religion
2. voting rights
3. rights of the accused
4. property rights
The police enter an individual's home without invitation or a warrant and seize evidence to be used
against the individual.
Which Supreme Court decision may be used to rule this evidence inadmissible in court?
1. Baker v. Carr
2. Gideon v. Wainwright
3. Mapp v. Ohio
4. Roe v. Wade
The Supreme Court decisions in Mapp v. Ohio, Gideon v. Wainright, and Miranda v. Arizona all
affected individual liberty by
1. eliminating the poll tax as a voting requirement
2. preventing the use of organized prayer in public schools
3. requiring equal pay for men and women in performing the same job
4. expanding the constitutional rights of people accused of crimes
The requirement that all persons placed under arrest must be informed of their legal rights resulted
from a
1. custom adopted from English common law
2. law enacted by Congress
3. decision of the United States Supreme Court
4. specific statement in the original Constitution of the United States
Which United States Supreme Court decision assured accused persons the right to be informed of
certain constitutional rights at the time of their arrest?
1. Engel v. Vitale
2. Baker v. Carr
3. Miranda v. Arizona
4. Gideon v. Wainwright
As a result of the Supreme Court ruling in Miranda v. Arizona (1966), a person accused of a crime is
entitled to
1. a speedy trial
2. reasonable bail
3. a reading of his or her rights at the time of arrest
4. protection against cruel or unusual punishment
What principle was established by the United States Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona
(1966)?
1. persons placed under arrest must be informed of their legal rights
2. defendants in capital punishment cases cannot appeal their sentence
3. poor persons must be provided free legal counsel
4. evidence obtained by an illegal search is inadmissible in court
The United States Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona (1966) shows that the Court can
1. suspend civil liberties in times of national crisis
2. increase the power of state governments
3. expand the constitutional rights of individuals
4. limit the power of Congress and the President
In the 1960's, Supreme Court decisions in the cases Miranda v. Arizona and Gideon v. Wainwright
specifically protected the rights of
1. the accused
2. women
3. military veterans
4. persons with disabilities
The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona, Gideon v. Wainwright, and
Escobedo v. Illinois all advanced the
1. voting rights of minorities
2. guarantees of free speech and press
3. principle of separation of church and state
4. rights of accused persons
Which method resulted in both "separate but equal" public facilities (1896) and Miranda warnings
against self-incrimination (1966)?
1. decisions of the United States Supreme Court
2. proclamations of state governors
3. executive orders of the President
4. congressional actions
You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of
law. You have the right to speak to an attorney, and to have an attorney present during any
questioning. If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be provided for you at government expense.
The requirements included in this passage are part of the Supreme Court's efforts to protect the rights
of
1. individuals accused of crimes
2. students from unreasonable searches
3. defendants from double jeopardy
4. criminals from cruel and unusual punishment
This passage resulted from what Supreme Court decision?
1. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
2. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
3. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
4. Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
C. Civil Rights Movement
1. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
In 1954, the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka advanced the civil
rights movement by
1. guaranteeing equal voting rights to African Americans
2. banning racial segregation in hotels and restaurants
3. declaring that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th amendment
4. upholding the principle of separate but equal public facilities
Which generalization can most accurately be drawn from a study of Supreme Court cases Plessy v.
Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education?
1. The Supreme Court has issued consistent decisions in cases involving rights of the accused.
2. Supreme Court decisions are accepted without public controversy.
3. The justices believe that social issues are best left for state courts to decide.
4. The Supreme Court has helped to determine public policy.
The constitutional basis for the 1954 decision of the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education is
the guarantee of
1. freedom of assmebly
2. due process of law
3. state control of interstate commerce
4. equal protection of the law
"We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place.
Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."
--Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Which constitutional idea was the basis for this Supreme Court decision?
1. protection against double jeopardy
3. freedom of speech
2. equal protection of the law
4. right of assembly
"We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place.
Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."
--Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
This quotation illustrates the Supreme Court's power to
1. uphold previous decisions
2. overrule state laws
3. check the powers of the executive branch
4. provide for educational funding
"Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."
--Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
The effect of this Supreme Court ruling was to
1. establish affirmative action programs in higher education
2. require the integration of public schools
3. desgregate the armed forces and the military academies
4. force states to spend an equal amount on each public school student
Which constitutional principle was tested in the cases of Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of
Education of Topeka?
1. separation of powers
2. popular sovereignty
3. equal protection of the law
4. separation of church and state
Since the 1950s, some of the greatest public controversies about United States Supreme Court
decisions have resulted from the Court's interpretation of the
1.power of the House of Representatives to initiate revenue bills
2. power of state governors to pardon criminals
3. right of individuals to criticize public officials
4. right of individuals and groups to equal protection of the
law
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Information provided by the map most clearly supports the conclusion that by 1964, racial
desegregation in Southern schools aws
1. failing in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kentucky, and West Virginia
2. supported by most voters in the South
3. occuring at different rates in Southern states
4. completed by the mid-1960s
The school desegregation that is shown on the map was most affected by the
1. decline of the Ku Klux Klan
2. passage of the equal rights amendment
3. expansion of voting rights for African Americans
4. decision of the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
What has been one of the greatest obstacles to achieving racial integration of public schools in the
United States?
1. Federal courts have avoided dealing with public education.
2. Many cities have local laws requiring children of different races to attend different schools.
3. 'Separate but equal' public education is still legal in many states.
4. Segregated housing patterns are still common in many communities.
I. "Separation of the races does not place a badge of inferiority upon one group over another, thus it is
not a violation of the 14th amendment." (1896)
II. "To separate children in grade school in high school from others of similar age and qualifications
solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status.... that may affect their
hearts and minds in a way unlikely every to be undone." (1954)
The difference in opinion between these two rulings best shows
1. a change in judicial philosophy and public attitudes
2. the persistent efforts of the major political parties to increase equal opportunity
3. a recognition that democracy depends on economic equality for all citizens
4. the refusal of the Supreme Court to deal with controversial issues
2. Little Rock School Integration Crisis (1957)
In 1957, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to
1. protect civil rights marchers
2. help African Americans register to vote
3. enforce a Supreme Court decision to desegregate public schools
4. end race riots resulting from a bus boycott
What was the significance of the use of Federal marshals to protect African-American students in
Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?
1. It was the first time martial law had been declared in the United States
2. It led to the Federal takeover of many Southern public schools
3. It strengthened control of education by state governments
4. It showed that the Federal Government would enforce court decisions on integration
Which statement is a valid conclusion based on President Dwight D. Eisenhower's approach to
applying the Brown v. Board of Education ruling to the desegregation of Central High School in Little
Rock, Arkansas?
1. State governors do not have to obey Supreme Court rulings.
2. Presidents refuse to allow military intervention in local disputes.
3. Some Supreme Court decisions are not effective unless the President enforces them.
4. Presidents have been unwilling to enforce laws pertaining to minorities.
The president acted as commander in chief in response to which event of the civil rights movement?
1. refusal of the governor of Arkansas to obey a federal court order to integrate public schools
in Little Rock
2. desegregation of the city bus system in Montgomery, Alabama
3. arrest of Martin Luther King Jr. during protests in Birmingham, Alabama
4. assassination of Medgar Evers in Mississippi
When President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent Federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, during the 1957
school integration crisis, he was exercising his constitutional power as
1. Chief Legislator
2. Commander in Chief
3. Chief Diplomat
4. Head of State
".... Whenever normal agencies prove inadequate to the task and it becomes necessary for the
Executive Branch of the Federal Government to use its powers and authority to uphold Federal Courts,
the President's responsibility is inescapable. In accordance with that responsibility, I have today issued
an Executive Order directing the use of troops under Federal authority to aid in the execution of
Federal law at Little Rock, Arkansas. This became necessary when my Proclamation of yesterday was
not observed, and the obstruction of justice still continues...."
- President Dwight D. Eisenhower, September 24, 1957
The situation described in this statement grew out of efforts to
1. uphold the Voting Rights Act
2. pass a constitutional amendment ending poll taxes
3. enforce the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
4. extend the Montgomery bus boycott to Little Rock
".... I was disappointed not to see what is inside Central High School. I don't understand why the
governor of Arkansas sent grown-up soldiers to keep us out. I don't know if I should go back. But
Grandma is right, if I don't go back, they will think they have won. They will think they can use
soldiers to frighten us, and we'll always have to obey them. They'll always be in charge if I don't go
back to Central and make the integration happen....."
- Melba Beals, Warriors Don't Cry, an African American student, 1957
President Dwight D. Eisenhower reacted to the situation described in this passage by
1. forcing the governor of Arkansas to resign
2. allowing the people of Arkansas to resolve the problem
3. asking the Supreme Court to speed up racial integration
4. sending federal troops to enforce integration
3. Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was intended to end
1. loyalty oaths for federal employees
3. unfair treatment of the elderly
2. affirmative action programs in education 4. discrimination based on race or sex
Base your answer on the statement below and on your knowledge of social studies.
. . . In 1961, James Farmer orchestrated and led the famous Freedom Rides through the South, which
are renowned for forcing Americans to confront segregation in bus terminals and on interstate buses. In
the spring of that year, James Farmer trained a small group of freedom riders, teaching them to deal
with the hostility they were likely to encounter using nonviolent resistance. This training would serve
them well. . . .
— Senator Charles Robb, "A Tribute to an American Freedom Fighter," U.S. Senate
The activities described in this statement helped lead to
1. President Harry Truman's order to desegregate the military
2. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
3. ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment
4. a decision by the Supreme Court to integrate public schools
OLD JIM CROW
.... It's wrong to hold malice, we know,
But there's one thing that's true, from all points of view,
All Negroes hate old man Jim Crow
.... We meet him wherever we go;
In all public places, where live both the races,
You'll always see Mr. Jim Crow.
- The Nashville Eye (c. 1900)
The presence of Mr. Jim Crow "In all public places" was legally ended by the
1. ratification of the 13th amendment (1865)
2. Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
3. establishment of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
(1909)
4. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed in an effort to correct
1. racial and gender discrimination
3. unfair immigration quotas
2. limitations on freedom of speech
4. segregation in the armed forces
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Fair Housing Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act were
government efforts to
1. eliminate restrictions on immigration
2. end discrimination against various groups
3. provide federal aid for children
4. require equal treatment of men and women
Filibusters were used by the United States Senators from the South in the 1950's and 1960's to
1. block passage of civil rights bills
2. protest United States involvement in Vietnam
3. override presidential vetoes of environmental bills
4. gain approval of presidential appointments to the Supreme Court
4. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Civil Disobedience
"Martin Luther King Jr. Delivers 'I Have a Dream' Speech to Civil Rights Demonstrators in
D.C."
"Rachel Carson Awakens Conservationists with Her Book, Silent Spring"
"Cesar Chavez Organizes Migrant Farm Workers"
A valid conclusion based on these headlines is that
1. individuals have a great impact on movements for change
2. social reforms progress faster with support from big business
3. the press discouraged efforts at reform in the 1960s
4. mass movements often continue without strong leaders
"Rosa Parks Arrested"
"Supreme Court Rules Against School Segregation"
"Martin Luther King, Jr., Speaks at March on Washington"
Which movement is best represented by these newspaper headlines?
1. abolitionist
3. Progressive
2. Populist
4. civil rights
Martin Luther King, Jr. first emerged as a leader of the civil rights movement when he
1. led the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama
2. refused to give up his seat on a bus to a white man
3. challenged the authority of the Supreme Court
4. was elected as the first black congressman from the South
Base your answer on the quotations below and on your knowledge of social studies.
. . . Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey
them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once? . . .
--Henry David Thoreau, 1849
...
But the great glory of American democracy is the right to protest for right. My friends, don't let
anybody make us feel that we [are] to be compared in our actions with the Ku Klux Klan or with the
White Citizens Council. There will be no crosses burned at any bus stops in Montgomery. There will
be no white persons pulled out of their homes and taken out on some distant road and lynched for not
cooperating. There will be nobody amid, among us who will stand up and defy the Constitution of this
nation. We only assemble here because of our desire to see right exist. . . .
--Martin Luther King, Jr., December 1955
Which statement most accurately summarizes the main idea of these quotations?
1. Revolution is inevitable in a democratic society
2. Government consistently protects the freedom and dignity of all its citizens.
3. Violence is the most effective form of protest.
4. Civil disobedience is sometimes necessary to bring about change.
Base your answer on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
". . . In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic
wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were
signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all
men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the 'unalienable Rights of Life,
Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.' It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this
promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred
obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked
'insufficient funds.' ". . .
-- Martin Luther King, Jr., August 28, 1963
The focus of this passage from Dr. King's speech was his belief that
1. equal rights for all were guaranteed by the founders of this nation
2. Americans had become blind to racial differences
3. violence was often necessary for the protection of civil liberties
4. civil rights for African Americans would always be a dream
Which method is contrary to the principles of Martin Luther King, Jr.?
1. sit-ins at a segregated restaurant
2. use of violence to express frustration in achieving racial equality
3. demonstrations by minorities in front of a government building
4. marches on Washington to draw attention to the needs of minorities
Which strategy did African-American students use when they refused to leave "whites only" lunch
counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960?
1. economic boycott
2. hunger strike
3. petition drive
4. civil disobedience
"I would agree with Saint Augustine that 'An unjust law is no law at all.'"
--Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
"Letter From Birmingham City Jail' "
This statement was used by Dr. King to show support for
1. Social Darwinism
3. separation of church and state
2. Jim Crow laws
4. civil disobedience
". . . there are two types of laws: There are just laws and there are unjust laws. I would be the first to
advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws.
Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws."
--Martin Luther King, Jr.
This statement is a justification of the concept of
1. cultural pluralism 3. reverse discrimination
2. ethnic assimilation 4. civil disobedience
"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We
hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.'"
--Martin Luther King, Jr. Washington, D.C., 1963
Which step was taken following this speech to advance the dream of Martin Luther King, Jr.?
1. desegregation of the Armed Forces
3. elimination of the Ku Klux Klan
2. ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson
4. passage of new civil rights acts
"The civil rights movement would have been vastly different without the shield and spear of the first
amendment."
Based on this quotation, which is a valid conclusion?
1. The civil rights movement used the right to assemble peaceably to its advantage.
2. Armed violence was responsible for the gains made by the civil rights movement.
3. Congress ignored the Constitution in its efforts to speed civil rights gains.
4. The executive branch lacked the power to enforce equal rights legislation.
During the 1950s and 1960s, which civil rights leader advocated black separatism?
1. Medgar Evers
3. Rosa Parks
2. James Meredith
4. Malcolm X
Which conclusion about the civil rights movement of the 1960's is most valid?
1. Groups in the movement had common goals but different methods for attaining them
2. Civil disobedience failed to bring about any legislative changes
3. the movement began with violent protests but ended with peaceful demonstrations
4. the movement failed to inspire other groups to work for change
During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, activities of the Congress of Racial Equality, the
National Urban League, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) illustrated that
1. all civil rights groups use the same tactics
2. different approaches can be used to achieve a common goal
3. organizational differences usually lead to failure
4. violence is the best tool for achieving social change
Base your answer on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Speaker A:
It is more important now to focus on vocational training and economic opportunities than on removing
obstacles to social equality for African Americans.
Speaker B:
The Constitution is color-blind and recognizes no superior class in this country. All citizens are equal
before the law.
Speaker C:
The American Negro [African American] must focus on the achievement of three goals: higher
education, full political participation, and continued support for civil rights.
Speaker D:
African Americans should return home to Africa to establish their own independent nation free from
white control.
During the early 1900s, reform leaders tried to advance the goals of Speaker C by
1. supporting passage of Jim Crow laws
2. forming the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
3. avoiding attempts to overturn racial segregation in the courts
4. creating the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
The major goal of the civil rights movement of the 1960's was to
1. establish a separate political state for African Americans
2. gain passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution
3. end segregation based on race
4. permit unlimited immigration to the United States
Base your answer to the following question on the song and on your knowledge of social studies.
"It isn't nice to block the doorway,
It isn't nice to go to jail,
There are nicer ways to do it,
But the nice ways always fail,
It isn't nice, it isn't nice,
You told us once, you told us twice,
But if that is freedom's price, we don't mind."
--Malvina Reynolds, "It Isn't Nice"
This song from the 1960's is most likely referring to the movement to
1. liberalize immigration laws
2. expand civil rights
3. allow women to serve in combat roles in the military
4. grant voting rights to 18-year-old citizens
Base your answer on excerpts from the song lyrics below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Lyric A:
. . . Father, father
We don't need to escalate
You see, war is not the answer
For only love can conquer hate
You know we've got to find a way
To bring some lovin' here today. . .
--"What's Going On," Al Cleveland, Marvin Gaye, Renaldo Benson, 1971
Lyric B:
Yeah, my blood's so mad
Feels like coagulatin'
I'm sittin' here, just contemplatin'
I can't twist the truth
It knows no regulation
Hand full of senators don't pass legislation
And marches alone can't bring integration
When human respect is disintegratin'
This whole crazy world
Is just too frustratin'. . .
--"Eve of Destruction," P.F Sloan, 1965
Which conclusion is most clearly supported by an examination of these song lyrics?
1. In the 1960s and early 1970s, Americans shared common views on foreign policy.
2. Social conflict existed over war and civil rights in the 1960s and early 1970s.
3. The music of the 1960s and early 1970s supported government policies.
4. Most songwriters of the 1960s and early 1970s used their music to advocate violent
revolution.
"Henry David Thoreau Refuses to Pay Tax During Mexican War!"
"Students Sit In at Segregated Lunch Counters in Greensboro, N.C."
ThThe events described in these headlines involve persons who have demonstrated a commitment to
1. civil disobedience
2. laissez faire
3. affirmative action
4. pacifism
5. Affirmative Action
What is the main criticism of affirmative action in recent years?
1. The program has been extremely costly to the federal government.
2. Hiring quotas for minorities may have denied opportunities to other qualified persons.
3. Very few minority persons have been hired.
4. Most state governments have been unwilling to enforce the program.
The program that promotes preference in hiring for African Americans and other minorities to correct
past injustices is known as
1. Title IX
3. affirmative action
2. open admissions
4. Head Start
One criticism of affirmative action programs is that these programs
1. ignore the needs of women in business and education
2. lead to discrimination against more qualified people
3. have a negative effect on immigration
4. have not eliminated segregated housing patterns
Programs designed to increase the representation of minorities and women in the workforce have come
under attack during years mainly because
1. minorities and women have not been able to point to serious examples of discrimination in
employment
2. most laws guaranteeing equal opportunity have been found unconstitutional
3. affirmative action has sometimes been considered reverse discrimination
4. the economy has been too weak to absorb more workers
Some critics of affirmative action claim that these programs
1. reintroduce Jim Crow practices into the workplace
2. apply to private business but not to public education
3. lead to reverse discrimination and racial quotas
4. fail to provide any assistance to persons with disabilities
The main goal of affirmative action programs is to
1. enforce racial segregation laws
2. secure equal voting rights for African Americans
3. provide affordable child care
4. promote economic gains for minorities and women
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The main idea of this cartoon is that the elimination of affirmative action programs on some college
campuses has
1. improved race relations
2. caused friction among white students
3. reduced the number of minority students
4. led to rapid increases in enrollment
6. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Base your answer on the accompanying poster and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0805/US0805044.GIF
This poster was used during the
1. abolitionist movement
2. woman's suffrage movement
3. civil rights movement
4. environmental movement
The federal voting rights laws passed in the 1950s and 1960s were designed to
1. return control of voting regulations to the states
2. remove racial barriers to voting
3. extend suffrage to American Women
4. prevent recent immigrants from voting
The main reason the Voting Rights Act of 1965 removed the literacy test as a voting qualification was
that
1. different standards of literacy had been applied to different groups of voters
2. a majority of voters were unable to read election ballots
3. technology had made voter literacy unnecessary
4. the cost of achieving literacy was too high
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The changes shown in the chart were most directly the result of the
1. enactment of voting-reform laws by these southern states
2. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education
3. passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
4. executive branch's resistance to protecting the civil rights of minorities
Base your answer on the accompanying chart and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0807/US0807045.GIF
Which conclusion is best supported by the changes shown on the chart?
1. African American voters would have little impact on presidential elections.
2. The income of African Americans had increased between 1965 and 1988.
3. Efforts to encourage African American voter registration were successful.
4. After 1988, no further effort was made to register African Americans.
E. Equal Rights
1. Native Americans
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What Native American Indian viewpoint does the cartoonist support?
1.Illegal immigrants should not be allowed to settle on Native American Indian reservations.
2. European settlers took Native American Indian land.
3. Government efforts to restrict immigration should be supported.
4. Native American Indians support government efforts to stop illegal immigration.
2. Spanish-Speaking Americans
Cesar Chavez created the United Farm Workers Organization Committee (UFWOC) in 1966 primarily
to
1. secure voting rights for Mexican Americans
2. improve working conditions for migrant laborers
3. provide legal assistance to illegal aliens
4. increase farm income
One similarity between the actions of Samuel Gompers and Cesar Chavez is that both leaders
1. organized workers to strive for better conditions
2. relied on the use of force to gain minority rights
3. advocated federal regulation of railroad rates
4. worked to improve consumer product safety
3. Feminism and NOW
One similarity between the 1920's and the 1960's in the United States is that during both decades
1. traditional standards of dress, conduct, and conformity were challenged
2. involvement in international peacekeeping organization was rejected
3. economic conditions led to severe depression
4. civil rights legislation improved conditions for minorities
A study of the women's movement in the United States would show that
1. the National Government granted rights to women long before state governments did
2. the gains made by women usually took considerable periods of time
3. women received voting rights before African-American males did
4. wartime employment slowed progress toward gender equality
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A valid conclusion based on the data in the table is that
1. men have received better medical attention than women
2. Americans are healthier than people in any other country
3. the average life expectancy in the United States has increased steadily during the 20th
century
4. most of the change in the average lifespan for men and women has occurred since 1950
The data included in the table suggest that since 1071
1. boys are losing interest in participating in sports
2. participation in sports by boys and girls is nearly equal
3. girls' participation in sports equals that of boys
4. girls' participation in sports is increasing at a faster rate than that of boys
Which development contributed most to the changes shown in the table?
1. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
2. inclusion of Title IX in the Education Amendments of 1972
3. the beginnings of Head Start programs in the 1960s
4. increase in the number of nonpublic schools since the 1970s
4. Equal Pay Act of 1963
Which issue continues to be a major goal of the women's rights movement in the United States?
1. having women serve as officers in the military
2. guaranteeing women equal pay for equal work
3. enabling women to serve in the President's Cabinet
4. admitting women to top-ranked universities
A major goal of the women's movement over the past twenty years has been to gain
1. full property rights
2. the right to vote
3. equal economic opportunity
4. better access to Social Security
The concept of comparable worth, or equal pay for equal work, is most closely associate with the
movement to
1. promote equality for working women
2. enact child labor laws
3. gain equality for African Americans
4. increase labor union membership
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The data in this chart support the conclusion that between 1960 and 1990
1. government failed to pass laws that granted women equal access to jobs
2. the earnings gap between men and women was only slightly improved
3. women's earnings consistently increased faster than those of men
4. most higher paying jobs were still not legally open to women
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Which statement is most clearly supported by the information in the graph?
1. more children were under age 6 in 1990 than in 1950
2. since 1990, women have made up more than half of the workforce
3. the gap between male and female incomes has declined
4. fewer women are staying home to raise their young children
A candidate for public office would likely conclude from a study of this graph that the public would
favor increased government support for
1. additional foreign aid
2. health care facilities
3. child day-care centers
4. colleges and universities
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The trend in the graph was mainly the result of
1. increase in immigration
2. demands for more schoolteachers
3. a buildup of the defense industry
4. new social attitudes
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picture.
Which statement is
best
supported
by this
teh data
in the table?
1. women earn more in service jobs that in craft and repair jobs
2. men can more easily find jobs that require little skill or education
3. more women are working as professionals than as laborers
4. a discrepancy exists between the earnings of men and women in similar jobs
5. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique
The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan was an influential book in the 1960s because it
1. helped strengthen family values
2. led directly to the defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment
3. energized a new women's rights movement
4. reinforced the importance of women's traditional roles
Uncle Tom's Cabin, The Jungle, and The Feminine Mystique are significant books because they all
1. exposed corrupt government practices
2. led to federal legislation to protect the environment
3. led to the adoption of constitutional amendments
4. influenced socioeconomic changes
The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan was an influential book in the 1960s because it
1. helped strengthen family values
2. led directly to the defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment
3. energized a new women's rights movement
4. reinforced the importance of women's traditional roles
One way in which Harriet Beecher Stowe, Ida Tarbell, and Betty Friedan were similar is that each
1. fought to protect the environment
2. exposed problems in society through literature
3. supported the Women's Christian Temperance Union
4. attempted to end racial discrimination
Books such as Uncle Toms Cabin, How the Other Half Lives, and The Feminine Mystique all show that
literature can sometimes
1. expose government corruption
2. cause violent revolution
3. begin military conflict
4. encourage social reform
6. Equal Rights Amendment Proposal
The Equal Pay Act, the Title IX education amendment, and the proposed Equal Rights amendment
(ERA) were primarily efforts to improve the status of
1. African Americans
3. migrant workers
2. Native American Indians
4. women
7. Roe v. Wade (1973)
The Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) was based on the constitutional principle of
1. protection of property rights
2. freedom of speech
3. right to privacy
4. freedom of religion
Constitutional amendments have been proposed to ban forced busing, forbid abortion, and prohibit
burning the United States flag. These proposals indicate that
1. the Constitution is an inflexible document
2. amending the Constitution is a simple process
3. some people disagree with certain Supreme Court decisions
4. American society has been unwilling to deal with complex social issues
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0197/US0197042.GIF
The cartoon most clearly implies that since its decision in Roe v. Wade the Supreme Court has
1. ignored public opinion on the issue
2. experienced serious conflict between female and male Justices over the issue
3. refused to deal with the issue again
4. struggled to accommodate conflicting viewpoints on the issue
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The cartoon makes the point that decisions of the Supreme Court
1. sometimes do not resolve controversial issues
2. are usually accepted by both sides in a controversy
3. avoid dealing with controversial issues
4. ignore public opinion
F. Vietnam War
1. Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Resolved..., that the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as
Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repeal any armed attack against the forces of
the United States..."
-Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
This congressional resolution provided justification for
1. William Howard Taft's Dollar Diplomacy
2. Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points
3. Lyndon Johnson's involvement in Vietnam
4. Ronald Reagan's invasion of Grenada
"The Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to
take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to
prevent further aggression."
—Tonkin Gulf Resolution, August 7, 1964.
The passage of this resolution led to
1. the building of the Berlin Wall
2. settlement of the Cuban missile crisis
3. increased United States involvement in the Vietnam War
4. the seizure of American hostages by Iran
Several United States Presidents committed military troops to serve in Vietnam in an effort to
1. react to violations of United States neutrality
2. support the policy of containment
3. oppose the Chinese occupation of Indochina
4. protect United States economic interests in East Asia
One reason the United States became involved in the Vietnam War was to
1. prevent the spread of communism in Indochina
2. reduce French influence in Vietnam
3. stop China from seizing Vietnam
4. support the government of North Vietnam
Issuing the Truman Doctrine, defending South Korea, and sending military advisors to Vietnam were
actions taken by the United States to
1. encourage membership in the United Nations
3. limit the spread of communism
2. promote American business in Asia
4. gain additional overseas colonies
Which development is most closely associated with the belief in the domino theory?
1. military involvement in Vietnam
3. signing of the nuclear test ban treaty
2. construction of the Berlin Wall
4. end of the Korean War
"Eisenhower Sends U.S. Troops to Protect Lebanon"
"Kennedy Places Quarantine on Shipment of Soviet Missiles to Cuba"
"Johnson Increases U.S. Troop Strength in Vietnam by 125,000"
Which statement about the Cold War is illustrated by these headlines?
1. Rivalries between the superpowers often involved conflicts in other nations.
2. United States military support was most often deployed in Europe.
3. Communist forces were frequently victorious in Asia.
4. Summit talks frequently succeeded in limiting international tensions.
Which conclusion can best be drawn from the United States involvement in the Korean War and the
Vietnam War?
1. The Cold War extended beyond direct conflict with the Soviet Union.
2. Popular wars have assured the reelection of incumbent presidents.
3. War is the best way to support developing nations.
4. The threat of nuclear war is necessary to settle a military conflict.
The domino theory was used to justify United States involvement in the
1. War on Poverty
3. Bosnian crisis
2. Berlin airlift
4. Vietnam War
From the end of World War II until the 1980's, the Untied States carried out its foreign policy mainly
by
1. giving in to foreign demands
2. avoiding any situation that might involve the nation in a conflict
3. acting forcefully to obtain and control colonies
4. taking a variety of actions to prevent the spread of communism
In the 1950's, the domino theory was used by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to justify
1. sending federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas
2. United States involvement in Vietnam
3. joining the United Nations
4. opposing Britain and France in the Suez Canal crisis
The power of the Presidency has increased in the 20th century mainly because
1. Congress has granted much of its authority to the President
2. events have often required the personal diplomacy and leadership of the Presdent
3. Constitutional amendments have increased the power of the executive branch
4. Supreme Court rulings have enhanced Presidential authority
United States involvement in the Vietnam War was based in part on a desire to
1. prevent renewed Japanese expansionism in the Pacific
2. assure access to an adequate supply of oil from the Middle East
3. contain communism in Southeast Asia
4. protect American business interests in China
Which heading best completes the partial outline below?
I. _______________________
A. Berlin
B. Germany
C. Korea
D. Vietnam
1. Areas Divided as the Result of Wars
2. Major Allies of the United States
3. Original Signers of the League of Nations Charters
4. Neutral Nations During World War II
2. Anti-War Protest Movement
The Berkeley demonstrations, riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, and the Kent State
protest all reflect student disapproval of
1. the Vietnam War
3. the unequal status of American women
2. increases in college tuition
4. racial segregation
Protests against United States involvement in Vietnam grew in the late 1960's and early 1970's mainly
because many Americans
1. believed that the war was unjust
2. objected to the drafting of college students
3. feared nuclear war with the Soviet Union
4. opposed participation in conflicts involving the United Nations
Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0100/US0100044.GIF
The cartoon reflects conflicting opinions held during the United States involvement in
1. the Spanish-American War
3. the Vietnam War
2. World War I
4. the Persian Gulf War
The United States experience in the Vietnam War supports the idea that the outcome of a war
1. is determined mainly by technological superiority
2. is dependent on using the greatest number of soldiers
3. is assured to countries dedicated to democratic ideals
4. can be strongly affected by public opinion
Most Americans who opposed sending United States troops to fight in the Vietnam War believed that
1. nuclear weapons should be used to end the war
2. the war should be extended into China
3. the United States should not police the world
4. international trade would be interrupted
Which conclusion can be drawn from a study of the Vietnam War?
1. the policy of containment was successful
2. Foreign policy can be altered by public opinion
3. the power of the President is reduced during wartime
4. Military superiority ensures military victory
Base your answer on excerpts from the song lyrics below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Lyric A:
. . . Father, father
We don't need to escalate
You see, war is not the answer
For only love can conquer hate
You know we've got to find a way
To bring some lovin' here today. . .
--"What's Going On," Al Cleveland, Marvin Gaye, Renaldo Benson, 1971
Lyric B:
Yeah, my blood's so mad
Feels like coagulatin'
I'm sittin' here, just contemplatin'
I can't twist the truth
It knows no regulation
Hand full of senators don't pass legislation
And marches alone can't bring integration
When human respect is disintegratin'
This whole crazy world
Is just too frustratin'. . .
--"Eve of Destruction," P.F Sloan, 1965
Which conclusion is most clearly supported by an examination of these song lyrics?
1. In the 1960s and early 1970s, Americans shared common views on foreign policy.
2. Social conflict existed over war and civil rights in the 1960s and early 1970s.
3. The music of the 1960s and early 1970s supported government policies.
4. Most songwriters of the 1960s and early 1970s used their music to advocate violent
revolution.
3. Twenty-Sixth Amendment
Which topic has been the focus of four different amendments to the United States Constitution?
1. voting rights
2. term limits on federal officeholders
3. the electoral college
4. prohibition of alcoholic beverages
The change to the direct election of senators, the lowering of the voting age to eighteen, and the
establishment of a two-term limit for presidents are all examples of the use of
1. judicial review
2. checks and balances
3. executive privilege
4. the amendement process
The ratification of the 26th amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18, was a result of the
1. participation of the United States in the Vietnam War
2. fear of McCarthyism
3. reaction to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union
4. reporting of the Watergate scandal
"I believe that our young people [18-20 years old] possess a great social conscience, are perplexed by
the injustices which exist in the world and are anxious to rectify [correct] these ills."
- Senator Jennings Randolph, 1971
Those who favor this point of view would likely have supported
1. a constitutional amendment extending voting rights
2. a presidential decision to raise speed limits
3. a Supreme Court ruling to reverse desegregation
4. a law passed by Congress to increase Social Security
4. War Powers Act of 1973
A constitutional issue that was frequently raised about United States involvement in the Korean
conflict and the Vietnam conflict was the
1. right to regulate commerce with foreign nations
2. use of deficit spending to finance wars
3. lack of a formal declaration of war by Congress
4. Supreme Court's role in foreign policy decision making
The main purpose of the War Powers Act of 1973 was to
1. expand the power of Congress to declare war
2. limit the president's ability to send troops into combat abroad
3. allow people to vote on the issue of United States commitments overseas
4. end the Vietnam War on favorable terms
The primary purpose of the War Powers Act (1973) is to
1. limit presidential power to send troops into combat
2. allow for a quicker response to a military attack
3. assure adequate defense of the Western Hemisphere
4. stop the use of troops for nonmilitary purposes
An effect of the War Powers Act of 1973 was that
1. the authority of the president as commander in chief was limited
2. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) became more involved in world conflicts
3. congressional approval was not needed when appropriating funds for the military
4. women were prevented from serving in combat roles during wartime
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0197/US0197040.GIF
Which action was taken in response to the problem identified in the cartoon?
1. The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not prevent publication of the
Pentagon Papers
2. Term limits were placed on the President by the ratification of the 22nd Amendment
3. Congress passed the War Powers Act
4. The President was forced to resign as a result of the Vietnam War
The War Powers Act of 1973 was passed by Congress as a response to the
1. spread of nuclear weapons during the Cold War
2. invasion of Kuwait by Iraq
3. threat of communism in the Middle East
4. United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Which action would most likely result in the greatest increase in the power of the executive branch?
1. abolishing the electoral college
2. borrowing money from the World Bank
3. broadening the President's wartime authority
4. lowering the age at which a person can be elected President
The war in Vietnam led Congress to pass the War Powers Act of 1973 in order to
1. affirm United States support for the United Nations
2. strengthen the policy of detente
3. increase United States participation in international peacekeeping organizations
4. assert the role of Congress in the committment of troops overseas
The War Powers Act was passed at the end of the Vietnam War to limit the president's power to
1. draft citizens in peacetime
2. send troops into military combat
3. negotiate peace treaties
4. ask Congress to declare war
The intent of the War Powers Act of 1973 is to limit the President's power to
1. send troops to rescue Americans held captive by terrorists in a foreign nation
2. use troops to defend against an armed attack on the United States
3. send troops to suppress a riot in an American city
4. commit troops to major military operations in a foreign nation
5. Legacy of the Vietnam War
"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden,
meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of
liberty."
—President John F. Kennedy, 1961.
"Clearly there are limits to what outside forces can do to solve the severe internal problems of
countries."
—President Bill Clinton, 1993.
The best explanation for the difference between these two statements is that the United States has
1. reduced its support for the United Nations
2. rejected the principle of collective security
3. abandoned the policy of terrorism
4. been influenced by its experiences in the Vietnam War
Which situation was a result of the Vietnam War?
1. South Vietnam was able to maintain its noncommunist status.
2. The United States questioned its role as a police officer of the world.
3. Richard Nixon was forced to resign the presidency.
4. The War Powers Act was repealed by Congress.
A major long-term effect of the Vietnam War has been
1. an end to communist governments in Asia
2. a change in United States foreign policy from containment to imperialism
3. a reluctance to commit United States troops for extended military action aboard
4. a continued boycott of trade with Asia
X. 1968-1999
A. Presidency of Richard M. Nixon
1. Détente (SALT I Treaty and GRAIN)
Which presidential action best represents the policy of détente?
1. John F. Kennedy's order for the Bay of Pigs invasion against Cuba
2. Lyndon B. Johnson's escalation of the Vietnam War
3. Richard Nixon's Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT) with the Soviet Union
4. George Bush's military action to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait
The Washington Naval Conference of 1921-22 and the SALT talks of the 1970's between the United
States and the Soviet Union both reflect the belief that
1. civil wars within nations can create international hostilities
2. escalating military buildups are one of the causes of war
3. cultural exchange programs can reduce world tensions
4. rivalry between nations over the control of natural resources is the major cause of conflict
Base your answer on the accompanying cartoon and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0809/US0809041.GIF
Which United States foreign policy decision most clearly reflects the relationship shown in the
cartoon?
1. issuance of the Eisenhower Doctrine
3. support of Israel in the Six Day War
2. quarantine of Cuba
4. negotiation of the Strategic Arms Limitation
Treaty (SALT)
The main goal of President Richard Nixon's foreign policy of détente was to
1. assure American victory in Vietnam
2. resolve conflicts in the Middle East
3. abolish the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
4. improve relations with the Soviet Union
President Richard Nixon's policy of détente is best characterized by his
1. decision to dismantle the nuclear weapons arsenal of the United States
2. attempt to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union
3. order to bomb Cambodia
4. support for membership in the United Nations for communist countries
President Richard Nixon supported the policy of détente as a way to
1. reduce tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union
2. introduce democratic elections to communist nations
3. encourage satellite nations to break their ties with the Soviet Union
4. undermine Soviet influence among nonaligned countries in Africa and Asia
The easing of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1970s was
called
1. containment
2. detente
3. neutrality
4. isolationism
The policy of detente was used by President Richard Nixon in an effort to
1. decrease tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States
2. improve relations with Latin America
3. promote democratic government in China
4. create stronger ties with Western Europe
President Richard Nixon's visit to the People's Republic of China in 1972 was significant because it
1. convinced the Chinese to abandon communism
2. brought about the unification of Taiwan and Communist China
3. reduced tensions between the United States and Communist China
4. decreased United States dependence on Chinese exports
"I think it will be a safer world and a better world if we have a strong, healthy United States, Europe,
Soviet Union, China, Japan, each balancing the other, not playing one against the other, an even
balance."
- Richard Nixon, 1972
President Nixon put this idea into practice by
1. expanding economic relations with communist nations
2. abandoning his policy of detente
3. declaring an end to the Korean War
4. ending collective security agreements
2. New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
The case of John Peter Zenger (1735) and New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) both involved a
government's attempt to limit
1. freedom of religion
3. the right to bear arms
2. freedom of the press
4. the right to counsel
The Supreme Court decisions in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) and United States v.
Nixon (1974) reinforced the principle that the president of the United States
1. has unlimited use of the veto power
3. may not be convicted of a crime
2. is protected from unfair media criticism
4. is not above the law
Court decisions in the trial of John Peter Zenger (1735) and the case of New York Times Co. v. United
States (1971) strengthened
1. freedom of religion
3. due process rights
2. freedom of the press
4. the right to counsel
3. Watergate Scandal
Base your answer on the accompanying cartoon and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0608/US0608041.GIF
The cartoon is most closely associated with the controversy over the
1. Watergate affair
3. Arab-Israeli conflict
2. war on drugs
4. Iran hostage crisis
What was a lasting effect of the Watergate scandal under President Richard Nixon?
1. The system of checks and balances was weakened.
2. The scope of executive privilege was broadened.
3. Trust in elected officials was undermined.
4. Presidential responsiveness to public opinion was lessened.
One way in which the Watergate controversy, the Iran-Contra affair, and the Whitewater investigation
are similar is that each led to
1. the addition of new amendments to the Constitution
2. the impeachment of a President
3. a loss of respect for government leaders by the American public
4. convictions of several military leaders for sexual harassment
One way in which the Teapot Dome scandal, the Watergate affair, and the Iran-Contra affair are
similar is that each of these political scandals resulted in
1. a loss of faith in elected government leaders
2. an attempt to abolish the electoral college
3. a movement to impeach the president
4. an effort to regulate the banking industry
Base your answer on the cartoon shown and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0602/US0602043.GIF
What is the main idea of this cartoon from the Watergate era?
1. The Supreme Court presides over a presidential impeachment trial.
2. Congress has to obey the Constitution.
3. The president has the final word involving constitutional issues.
4. No person or group is above the law.
A major effect of the Watergate scandal of the 1970s was that it
1. led to the Arab oil embargo
2. reduced people's trust in government
3. resulted in term limits for elected officials
4. increased presidential power
Credit Mobilier, Teapot Dome, and Watergate are all examples of
1. congressional attempts to limit Presidential power
2. efforts that failed to regulate government spending
3. scandals that damaged the reputations of various Presidents
4. foreign policies designed to contain the spread of communism
Which statement best describes an impact of the Watergate scandal on American society?
1. the modern environmental movement began
2. public trust in government declined
3. voter turnout in elections increased
4. an economic recession ended
What was a major result of the Watergate controversy?
1. Presidential veto power was expanded
2. The president resigned from office
3. Congressional power was reduced
4. The Supreme Court was weakened
The Supreme Court decisions in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) and United States v.
Nixon (1974) reinforced the principle that the president of the United States
1. has unlimited use of the veto power
3. may not be convicted of a crime
2. is protected from unfair media criticism
4. is not above the law
"President Roosevelt Proposes Wide Range of New Deal Programs"
"Supreme Court Orders President Nixon to Release Watergate Tapes"
"Congress Calls Cabinet Member to Testify"
Which concept is best illustrated by these newspaper headlines
1. federalism
2. States rights
3. the elastic clause
4. separation of powers
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The conflict that was the focus of the cartoon involved President Richard Nixon's attempt to
1. increase the number of troops in Vietnam
2. withhold evidence in the Watergate scandal
3. impose mandatory wage and price controls
4. improve relations with the People's Republic of China
The cartoon illustrates the constitutional principle of
1. federalism
2. checks and balances
3. representative government
4. civilian control of the military
B. Presidency of Jimmy Carter
1. Energy Crisis
"Gasoline Prices Soar in 2008"
"U.S. Oil Consumption and Imports Continue to Rise"
"OPEC Votes to Reduce Oil Production"
Which conclusion is most clearly supported by these headlines?
1. The United States exports more oil than it imports.
2. Energy policies are not affected by domestic events.
3. The demand for alternative energy sources is declining
4. United States dependence on foreign oil is a major problem.
Which situation in the 1970s caused the United States to reconsider its dependence on foreign energy
resources?
1. war in Afghanistan
2. oil embargo by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
3. meetings with the Soviet Union to limit nuclear weapons
4. free-trade agreements with Canada and Mexico
Which factor contributed most to inflation in the United States during the 1970s?
1. high tariffs
3. tax increases
2. oil embargoes
4. high unemployment
2. Camp David Accords
A major result of the Camp David accords was the
1. establishment of diplomatic relations between Egypt and Israel
2. creation of permanent United States military bases in Latin America
3. commitment of United States combat troops to Bosnia
4. end of the Cold War in Europe
The Camp David Accords negotiated by President Jimmy Carter were important because they
1. reduced tensions in the Middle East
2. renewed diplomatic relations between the United States and China
3. slowed the pace of the nuclear arms race
4. provided for cooperation with the Soviet Union in the exploration of outer space
The Camp David accords negotiated during President Jimmy Carter's administration were an attempt
to
1. decrease United States control of the Panama Canal
2. encourage the use of solar and other nonpolluting energy sources
3. end inflationary oil prices
4. establish peace in the middle East
Which foreign policy agreement had the most direct influence on the Middle East?
1. Kellogg-Briand Pact
3. SALT I Treaty
2. Yalta Conference declaration
4. Camp David Accords
In the Camp David Accords (1978), President Jimmy Carter succeeded in
1. returning the Panama Canal Zone to Panama
2. suspending grain sales to the Soviet Union and China
3. providing a foundation for a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel
4. freeing hostages being held in Iran
A major achievement of President Jimmy Carter was
1. the worldwide acceptance of his human rights policy
2. the balancing of the federal budget
3. his handling of international terrorist incidents
4. the signing of the Camp David peace accords
One similarity between the presidencies of Woodrow Wilson and Jimmy Carter is that both leaders
1. emphasized moral principles in foreign policy
2. supported imperialism throughout the world
3. rejected human rights initiatives in Congress
4. sought to end the nuclear arms race
3. Environmentalism
One way in which some environmentalists want the United States Government to protect lakes and
forests from acid rain is by
1. requiring factories to use coal rather than other forms of energy
2. spraying lakes and forests with protective chemicals
3. replacing nuclear energy with fossil fuels
4. requiring industries to reduce their smoke-stack emissions
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Data from the graphs support the conclusion that between 1960 and 1990
1. the government failed in its efforts at recycling
2. the amount of waste that was recycled increased
3. most people favor mandatory recycling efforts
4. efforts to recycle waste decreased steadily
".... Our decision about energy will test the character of the American people and the ability of the
President and the Congress to govern. This difficult effort will be the 'moral equivalent of war' - except
that we will be uniting our efforts to build and not destroy...."
- President Jimmy Carter, Address to the Nation, April 18, 1977
President Carter put these ideas into practice by
1. halting construction of nuclear power plants
2. increasing imports of foreign oil
3. urging the development of alternative fuel sources
4. imposing a price freeze on all petroleum products
C. Presidencies of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush
1. Supply-Side Economics
President Ronald Reagan's supply-side economic policy was successful in
1. increasing government spending on social programs
2. lowering tax rates on personal and business income
3. reducing defense spending
4. enforcing stricter environmental regulations
During the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan used the ideas of supply-side economics to justify
1. increases in social welfare spending
3. tax cuts for businesses
2. expansion of the Social Security program
4. reductions in military spending
According to the supply-side economics principles promoted by President Ronald Reagan, economic
growth would occur when
1. corporate business taxes were reduced
2. business was regulated by antitrust legislation
3. unemployment benefits were increased
4. investment in capital goods was decreased
The "trickle down" economic theory of President Herbert Hoover and the "supply side" economic
policies under President Ronald Reagan were based on the idea that
1. balanced budgets are essential to economic success
2. the Federal Government needs to assume more responsibility for solving economic problems
3. economic growth depends on making increased amounts of capital available to business
4. economic stability is the responsibility of Federal monetary agencies
A major goal of the Republican Party since the 1980's has been to
1. increase welfare benefits
2. increase the size of the federal workforce
3. reduce defense spending
4. cut federal taxes
A major policy of President Ronald Reagan's administration was to
1. reduce defense spending
2. lower federal income tax rates
3. end desegregation of public facilities
4. promote regulation of small businesses
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This 1991 cartoon is criticizing President George H.W. Bush for
1. refusing to support the United Nations
2. involving the United States in foreign wars
3. using foreign affairs to hide domestic failures
4. ignoring the economic needs of developing nations
"In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problems... It is my intention to curb the
size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between
powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved to the States or to the people. All of us
need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States; the States created the
Federal Government."
- President Ronald Reagan, First Inaugural Address, Jan. 20, 1981
Which action did the Reagan administration take based on the belief expressed in these statements?
1. it increased government spending on social programs
2. it reduced defense spending
3. it increased corporate and personal income taxes
4. it reduced government regulation of business
2. Public Schools and the Supreme Court
The Supreme Court decisions in New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) and Vernonia School District v. Acton
(1995) show that
1. a student's right to privacy is limited under certain conditions
2. prayer in public schools must be limited
3. racially segregated schools are unconstitutional
4. a student has no guaranteed rights while in school
In the Supreme Court cases New Jersey v. T.L.O. and Tinker v. Des Moines School District, the Court
ruled that
1. individual student rights are more important than a safe school environment
2. students can be expelled from school without a hearing
3. civil liberties can be both protected and limited in schools
4. the Bill of Rights does not apply to minors
Which category most accurately completes the heading for the partial outline below?
I. Supreme Court Cases that Deal With____________________________
A. Engel v. Vitale (1962)
B. Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969)
C. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
D. Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)
1. Right to Counsel
2. Student Rights
3. School Integration
4. Federal Funding of Education
The Supreme Court cases of Tinker v. Des Moines and New Jersey v. TLO involved the issue of
1. freedom of the press
3. the rights of students in school
2. freedom of religion
4. the rights of prison inmates
The constitutional basis for the separation of church and state is the
1. establishment clause of the 1rst amendment
2. double jeopardy provision of the 5th amendment
3. reserved powers of the 10th amendment
4. equal protection clause of the 14th amendment
The decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Tinker V. Des Moines and New York Times Co. v.
United States were based on interpretations of the
1. meaning of a republican form of government
2. powers delegated specifically to Congress
3. president's rights to executive privilege
4. rights guaranteed by the 1rst amendment
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What is the main idea of the cartoon?
1. Different branches of the Federal Government have disagreed about important constitutional
issues
2. the wishes of the President should not have been opposed by the United States Supreme
Court
3. The Federal Government operates without any real checks and balances
4. Issues related to church-state relationships no longer create controversy in the United States
3. Texas v. Johnson
The Supreme Court has ruled that burning the United States flag is a form of protest protected by the
first amendment. Which action would be necessary to overturn this ruling?
1. issue of an Executive order by the President
2. passage of a law by Congress
3. ratification of an amendment to the Constitution
4. adoption of a formal resolution by each state's legislature
4. Iran-Contra Affair
One way in which the Watergate controversy, the Iran-Contra affair, and the Whitewater investigation
are similar is that each led to
1. the addition of new amendments to the Constitution
2. the impeachment of a President
3. a loss of respect for government leaders by the American public
4. convictions of several military leaders for sexual harassment
One way in which the Teapot Dome scandal, the Watergate affair, and the Iran-Contra affair are
similar is that each of these political scandals resulted in
1. a loss of faith in elected government leaders
2. an attempt to abolish the electoral college
3. a movement to impeach the president
4. an effort to regulate the banking industry
5. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
One recent accomplishment in the struggle for equal rights for all Americans has been the
1. prohibition of discrimination against Americans with disabilities
2. passage of "English-only" laws in the workplace by many states
3. guarantee of the right to vote for all women
4. establishment of drug and alcohol testing by employers
The passage of the Medicare Act of 1965 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 shows that
1. health care is no longer a political issue
2. New Deal principles continue to have a significant influence on later legislation
3. government programs have been successful in correcting discrimination
4. Federal policies continue to emphasize individual responsibility for health and welfare
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Fair Housing Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act were
government efforts to
1. eliminate restrictions on immigration
3. provide federal aid for children
2. end discrimination against various groups
4. require equal treatment of men and
women
A major purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) is to
1. eliminate physical barriers for persons with disabilities
2. create separate but equal facilities for all persons
3. encourage political participation by persons with disabilities
4. decrease government welfare payments for persons with disabilities
A major reason that most newer buildings are accessible to people with disabilities is that
1. the number of people with disabilities has dramatically increased in the last decade
2. a building that is accessible to people with disabilities is less expensive to build
3. people with disabilities no longer face discrimination in American society
4. legislation has been passed that recognizes the rights of people with disabilities
6. Collapse of the Soviet Union
Which event is most closely associated with the end of the Cold War?
1. passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
2. establishment of a policy of détente with the Soviet Union
3. invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union
4. fall of the Berlin Wall
Since the end of the Cold War, the most persistent problem facing United States foreign policy has
been
1. using higher tariffs to protect United States markets
2. dealing with the conflicts in other nations and regions
3. supporting command economies in Western Europe
4. increasing the preparedness of the Armed Forces
Which event led directly to the end of the cold war?
1. reunification of Germany
2. formation of the European Union
3. breakup of the Soviet Union
4. creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
The beginning of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe is most closely associated with the
1. fall of the Berlin Wall
2. admission of Warsaw Pact nations to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
3. intervention of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Yugoslavia
4. formation of the European Union
Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/USMTMT/USMTMT039.GIF
According to the cartoon, what was a major contributing factor that led to the collapse of communism
in eastern Europe in the early 1990s?
1. overpopulation
3. democratic elections
2. military force
4. high tax rates
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The changes shown on the chart most clearly reflect the
1. effects of the Cold War
2. influence of the business cycle
3. failure of United States military policy
4. reverse in political party control of Congress
"Gorbachev Proposes Nuclear Arms Reductions"
"Berliners Travel Freely Between East and West"
"Russia Seeks to Join NATO"
These headlines are most closely associated with the
1. military arms race
2. decline of Cold War hostilities
3. failures of containment policy
4. successes of comunism in the Soviet Union
7. Russian Federation
Since the Russian people rejected communism in the early 1990s, the United States has provided
support to the new nation by
1. creating a military alliance with Russia
2. destroying most United States nuclear weapons
3. opposing the independence of the other Russian republics
4. giving foreign aid to Russia in the form of low-interest loans
8. Persian Gulf War
In 1991, one of the reasons President George H. W. Bush committed United States troops to the
Persian Gulf War was to
1. maintain the flow of trade through the Suez Canal
2. fulfill military obligations as a member of the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
3. contain the spread of communism in the Middle East
4. assure the flow of Middle East oil to the United States and its allies
One direct result of the Persian Gulf War was that the United States
1. gained control of oil resources in the Middle East
2. liberated Kuwait from Iraqi control
3. brought about peaceful relations between Israel and its neighbors
4. obtained overseas colonies in the Middle East
One way in which the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War are similar is that in
all three wars
1. the goal was to defeat the Soviet Union
2. the United States was primarily interested in protecting oil supplies
3. the United States was fighting without allies
4. no formal declaration of war was made by Congress
The Camp David Accords and the Persian Gulf War both show the desire of the United States to
1. create stability in the Middle East
2. expand trade with Asian nations
3. maintain friendly relations with Europe
4. provide economic stability in Latin America
One similarity between the Korean War and the Persian Gulf War is that in each conflict the
1. United States attempted to limit traffic through the Suez Canal
2. sentiment of the American public turned against the conflict
3. United Nations took action to halt the aggression
4. dictators of North Korea and Iraq were removed from office
The controversy shown in the cartoon occurred when President George Bush
1. sided with Iraq against Iran
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4. was threatened with impeachment by Congress
The main idea expressed by the cartoonist is that
1. discipline has broken down in the United States military
2. a majority of the people must support the conflict before the United States enters a war
3. the Presidents use of military power may depend on Congressional cooperation
4. Congress often opposes Presidential proposals for increased military spending
D. Presidency of William Jefferson Clinton
1. Third Parties
Traditionally, third parties have had the greatest impact on American politics by
1. requiring additional Presidential primaries
2. reducing the costs of Presidential campaigns
3. supporting issues often ignored by the major parties
4. endorsing candidates of the major parties
What has been the greatest success of third parties in United States political history?
1. winning Presidential elections
2. having their ideas adopted by major parties
3. securing appointments to the President's Cabinet
4. replacing one of the two major parties
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Information provided by the graph shows that between 1988 and 1993, there was an increased need for
candidates of major political parties to win the support of
1. ethnic minorities
2. senior citizens
3. independent voters
4. the labor vote
Base your answer to on the accompanying graph and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0608/US0608044.GIF
Data from this graph support the conclusion that between 1992 and 2000
1. the Democrats lost more votes to third-party candidates than the Republicans did
3. less than 50 percent of eligible voters participated in elections
2. third-party candidates received less support in each succeeding presidential election
4. the Republicans received more than 40 million votes in each election
2. Election of 1992
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Which generalization is supported by the information provided by the graphs?
1. the electoral vote often fails to reflect the popular vote
2. the House of Representatives settles Presidential elections in which third-party candidates
participate
3. the electoral college system weakens the two-party system
4. electoral college members often vote against their party's candidates
"Johnson Decides Not to Run"
"Nixon Resigns Presidency"
"Bush Defeated by Clinton"
Based on these headlines, a valid conclusion about the Presidency since the 1960's is that
1. incumbent Presidents are guaranteed success in the next election
2. Vice Presidents seldom become President
3. the people hold a President accountable for his performace
4. Presidential power has become nearly unlimited
3. Intervention in Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, and Kosovo
President Bill Clinton's decision to send troops to Bosnia in 1995 and to participate in the bombing of
Kosovo in 1999 were both in response to international concern over
1. trade agreement violations
3. human rights violations
2. access to world oil reserves
4. monetary policies
The main reason that the United States sent troops to Bosnia in 1995 was to try to
1. bring a peaceful end to a civil war
3. take over the area as a protectorate
2. contain the spread of communism
4. resettle refugees in North America
The main reason that United States troops were sent to Bosnia in the mid-1990's was to
1. guarantee the safety of American citizens living in the area
2. protect American investments in the Balkans
3. assure the continual production of critical natural resources
4. help bring about political stability in the area
The United States intervened in Haiti and Bosnia during the 1990's to
1. gain access to new markets
2. acquire colonies for an economic empire
3. stop conflicts within those nations
4. disrupt international drug trafficking
The main reason President Bill Clinton sent United States military forces into Haiti and Bosnia was to
1. remove communist threats in these nations
2. stop illegal immigration to the United States from these nations
3. help secure peace in these nations
4. establish permanent military bases in these nations
Since the end of the Cold War, the most persistent problem facing United States foreign policy has
been
1. using higher tariffs to protect United States markets
2. dealing with the conflicts in other nations and regions
3. supporting command economies in Western Europe
4. increasing the preparedness of the Armed Forces
"Clinton Offers Economic Aid to Russia"
"U.S. Sends Peacekepping Troops to Bosnia"
"U.S. Airlifts Food and Medicine to Somalia"
These headlines illustrate that United States foreign policy during the 1990's stressed
1. containment
2. collective security
3. global involvement
4. neutrality
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Which situation faced by President Bill Clinton is expressed in the cartoon?
1. impeachment hampered his ability to carry out programs
2. international problems interfered with domestic policy goals
3. health care costs took away funds needed for peacekeeping commitments
4. budget deficits prevented military action in world trouble spots
"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden,
meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of
liberty."
—President John F. Kennedy, 1961.
"Clearly there are limits to what outside forces can do to solve the severe internal problems of
countries."
—President Bill Clinton, 1993.
The best explanation for the difference between these two statements is that the United States has
1. reduced its support for the United Nations
2. rejected the principle of collective security
3. abandoned the policy of terrorism
4. been influenced by its experiences in the Vietnam War
4. Line-Item Veto
A major argument against granting the President the line-item veto was that it
1. violated the principle of checks and balances
3. encouraged Congress to be wasteful
2. reduced "pork barrel" spending
4. prevented balanced budgets
5. Whitewater Investigation
One way in which the Watergate controversy, the Iran-Contra affair, and the Whitewater investigation
are similar is that each led to
1. the addition of new amendments to the Constitution
2. the impeachment of a President
3. a loss of respect for government leaders by the American public
4. convictions of several military leaders for sexual harassment
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What is the main idea of this cartoon about President Bill Clinton?
1. positive economic conditions helped maintain his high approval ratings
2. voter approval of the president declined due to flaws in his character
3. he did not deserve credit fro the economic prosperity of the nation
4. the American public considered personal character the most important trait of a president in
the 1990s
6. Election of 1996
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This cartoon concerning the 1996 Presidential election supports the generalization that
1. major political parties try to be successful by avoiding extreme positions on issues
2. political opponents try to conform to each other's platforms to show patriotism
3. President candidates usually present clear and distinct positions on the issues
4. the views of political candidates tend to be rigid and unchanging
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The point of view expressed in this cartoon is that
1. President and Mrs. Clinton have made Chicago their new home
2. President Clinton supports adoption over abortion
3. Republican issues should not be part of the Democratic National Convention
4. Democrats sometimes support traditionally Republican issues
Which proposal has most commonly been made to deal with the situation shown in the table?
1. prohibiting third-party candidates from Presidential elections
2. allowing the direct popular election of the President
3. requiring electors to campaign for the candidate of their choice
4. counting only the popular vote of the top two candidates
Which conclusion can best be drawn from the information in the table?
1. incumbent Presidents
usually win
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2. Third-party candidates threaten the electoral process
3. a candidate can be elected President with less than half the popular vote
4. candidates are more interested in winning the popular vote than in winning the electoral vote
7. Impeachment Trial of William Jefferson Clinton
Which statement about the impeachment trials of both President Andrew Johnson and President Bill
Clinton is most accurate?
1. the House of Representatives failed to vote for articles of impeachment
2. only President Johnson was convicted and removed from office
3. only President Clinton was convicted and removed from office
4. the Senate failed to convict either president
One similarity shared by President Andrew Johnson and President Bill Clinton is that both
1. served only term as president
2. were impeached but not convicted
3. had no vice president
4. came to office after the death of a president
E. Economy of the United States
1. United States Economy
Statistics such as the gross domestic product, consumer price index, and unemployment rate are used
to measure the
1. condition of the economy
2. amount of the federal budget deficit
3. balance of international trade
4. productivity of industry
How does the present-day United States economy differ from the nation's economy of 1900?
1. immigrants are no longer a source of labor
2. today's government plays a less active role in the economy
3. the United States is less dependent on oil imports
4. the growth of service industries is greater today
Since 1980, most new jobs in the United States have been in
1. education
2. heavy industry
3. service industries
4. civil service
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What is the main idea of this cartoon?
1. the global economy is on the verge of collapse
2. rich nations should help poor nations improve their economic conditions
3. one nation's economic problems affect many other nations
4. each nation controls its own economic destiny
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The main idea of this cartoon is that
1. economic considerations dictate United States foreign policy
2. a free-trade policy is largely responsible for the success of the American economy
3. a President can benefit from a strong national economy
4. the United States no longer has a trade deficit
2. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Evidence that the United States has become more economically interdependent since 1990 is shown by
its
1. participation in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
2. change from a service economy to a manufacturing economy
3. increased dependence on domestic farm products
4. policy of restricting imports
Support for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) reflected the United States
commitment to
1. globalization
3. collective security
2. Manifest Destiny
4. isolationism
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Trade and
Tariffs (GATT) have encouraged countries to
1. participate in the global economy
2. create a uniform international currency
3. accept similar wage and price controls
4. regulate multinational corporations
n the United States, support for the passage and expansion of the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) has been strongest among
1. labor unions
3. big business
2. environmentalists
4. farmers
President Bill Clinton supported the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) primarily as aw
ay to
1. normalize trade relations with Cuba
2. stimulate economic growth in the United States
3. restrict the flow of drugs into the United States
4. increase the United States trade deficit
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What is the main idea of this cartoon?
1. shortages of consumer goods have become a serious problem in the United States
2. the economies of the United States and Russia are similar
3. economic recession leads to a severe decline in trade
4. imported products make up a significant part of the American economy
3. Cuban Trade Embargo
The United States began a trade embargo against Cuba in the 1960s to
1. encourage political change in Cuba
2. promote domestic industries in Cuba
3. motivate Cubans to immigrate to the United States
4. end domination of the banana industry by Cuba
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The main point of this cartoon is that Fidel Castro has
1. tried to spread communism to the United States
2. frustrated many Presidential administrations
3. allowed many Cuban refugees to come to the United States
4. failed to influence United States foreign policy
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The cartoonist is expressing the opinion that
1. the United States should place tariffs on goods from communist nations
2. most Americans favor trading with both China and Cuba
3. American foreign trade policies are sometimes inconsistent
4. democratic nations should receive preferential trade agreements
What is the explanation for the situation shown in the cartoon?
1. strong anti-Castro sentiment existed in Congress
2. China had met all United States human rights demands
3. Castro refused to allow Cuba to trade with the United States
4. the United States was dependent on food imports from China
4. Trade Imbalance with China and Japan
During the 1990s, which issue has led to the greatest tension between the United States and Japan?
1. immigration quotas
3. trade policies
2. use of natural resources
4. military preparedness
In the late 1990's, congressional opposition to granting a more favorable trade status to China was
based primarily on China's
1. persecution of Hong Kong residents
3. history of unstable governments
2. high-priced exports
4. disregard for human rights
"President Nixon Plans Trip to China to Meet with Chairman Mao"
"President Carter Signs New Panama Canal Treaty"
"President Clinton Concludes Trade Agreement with Japan"
Each headline illustrates an action of a President fulfilling his role as
1. head of his political party
2. Commander in Chief
3. chief diplomat
4. chief legislator
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The cartoonist is are
trying
to encourage
consumers to consider that
1. the United States buys more from Japan than Japan buys from the United States
2. cars produced in the United States are often inferior to foreign-made automobiles
3. single purchases of automobiles do not have an impact on calculating foreign trade
imbalances
4. automobile dealerships in the United States should offer more incentive for purchasing
American-made cars
5. Consolidation and Downsizing of America
The loss of jobs in manufacturing industries has been caused by the introduction of
1. radio and television
2. automobiles and airplanes
3. automation and computers
4. improved medicine and space travel
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According to the cartoon, how was the United States in the 1990s similar to the United States in teh
1890s?
1. little need existed for government regulation
2. investment in the stock market decreased
3. the price of petroleum products decreased
4. business consolidation was an accepted practice
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The main idea of this cartoon is that businesses in the United States have
1. generated a great quantity of solid waste
2. eliminated the jobs of many workers through downsizing
3. solved most environmental problems
4. improved workers' lives as well as the quality of products
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What is the main idea of this 1997 cartoon?
1. investors believe the stock market may crash in the near future
2. illegal aliens are trying to come to the United States in record numbers
3. workers still suffer from dangerous conditions on the job
4. workers are being laid off to keep corporate profits high
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What is the main idea of the cartoon?
1. airline technology has resulted in more efficient service
2. reduced competition in the airline industry has hurt the consumer
3. a growing economy has led to the start-up of new airlines
4. an increase in the number of airlines has led to computer malfunctions
6. Federal Debt
A primary reason for the increase in federal debt between 1980 and 1996 was
1. the cost of sending United States troops to Bosnia
2. instability of the stock market
3. lower sales tax revenues collected by state governments
4. high levels of spending by the federal government
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Which practice of the federal government has contributed most to the situation shown in the table?
1. taking steps to reduce growth of the gross domestic product
2. raising taxes to try to reduce inflation
3. spending more money than is received in revenues
4. lowering taxes during election years
XI. 21st Century
A. Presidency of George Walker Bush
1. Election of 2000
The disputed elections of 1876 and 2000 were similar because in both contests the
1. winner was chosen by a special electoral commission
2. states were required to hold a second election
3. winner of the popular vote did not become president
4. election had to be decided in the House of Representatives
The dispute over counting Florida voter ballots in the presidential election of 2000 was settled by
1. an order of the governor of Florida
3. a vote of the United States Senate
2. an agreement between the candidates
4. a United States Supreme Court decision
How were the presidential elections of 1876 and 2000 similar?
1. the winner of the popular vote lost the electoral vote
2. third-party candidates did not affect the outcome
3. the outcome of the election was decided by Congress
4. the winner was decided by the Supreme Court
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This cartoon from the disputed presidential election of 2000 suggests that the winner might
1. lack strong popular support for his programs
2. easily win reelection in 2004
3. succeed in fulfilling his campaign promises
4. be unable to claim victory in the electoral college
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Which criticism of the electoral college system is illustrated by the information in the table?
1. Presidential electors frequently do not vote for the person they were pledged to support
2. a person can win the presidency without winning the most popular votes
3. the vote of the people in each state has little relationship to the election outcome
4. minor-party candidates often receive too many electoral votes
Which change is most often proposed to correct the problem shown by the table?
1. adopt a constitutional amendment to elect the president by popular vote
2. pass a law requiring state electors to vote for the candidate with the most popular votes
3. place limits on the number of political parties allowed in presidential elections
4. allow elected members of Congress to select the president
In the 2000 presidential election, which aspect of the electoral college system caused the most
controversy?
1. a state can divide its electoral votes among different candidates
2. states with few electoral votes have no influence on election outcomes
3. the selection of electors varies among states
4. the winner of the popular vote might not get the majority of the electoral vote
2. Census
What was a direct result of the census of 2000?
1. Personal income tax rates were changed.
2. New United States District Courts were created
3. Seats in the House of Representatives were reapportioned.
4. The number of United States Senators was increased.
Population data from the census of 2000 was used to determine the number of
1. states in the Union
3. electoral college votes from each state
2. senators from each state 4. Supreme Court justices
3. Economic Policies of President George W. Bush
The economic policies of President Ronal Reagan (1981-1989) and President George W. Bush (20012009) are similar in that both
1. balanced the federal budget
2. expanded welfare programs to end poverty
3. used tax cuts to encourage economic growth
4. decreased military spending
4. Patriot Act
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Which issue is the central focus of this cartoon drawn after September 11, 2001?
1. is there a need to give up some civil liberties to protect the nation?
2. should the United States reduce oil imports from the Middle East?
3. does the United States need fewer limits on immigration?
4. should the United States abandon the Constitution?
5. Operation Iraqi Freedom
* Announcement of Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)
* Operation Desert Storm (1991)
* Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003-present)
These events involve attempts by the United States to
1. protect human rights in Europe
3. deliver humanitarian aid to Africa
2. protect its interests in the Middle East
4. contain the spread of communism in Asia
B. Electoral Reform
1. Congressional Term Limits
Which action would be necessary to place a legal limit on the number of terms served by members of
Congress?
1. an amendment to the Federal Constitution
2. a United States Supreme Court ruling
3. an agreement between political parties
4. a Presidential order
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What is the main idea of the cartoon?
1. experienced officeholders more effectively represent the people's wishes than newly elected
officeholders do
2. members of Congress are not making sincere efforts to curb their tenure in office
3. the average voter does not support the idea of term limits
4. campaign platforms accurately reflect the views of Members of Congress
2. Electoral College System
To revise the electoral college process for selecting the President, changes must be made in the
1. Cabinet system
2. qualifications for voters
3. system of primary elections
4. federal Constitution
To win a presidential election, a candidate must win a
1. two-thirds vote of the state legislatures 3. majority of the popular vote
2. two-thirds vote in Congress
4. majority of the electoral college vote
A major criticism of the electoral college is that it
1. limits the influence of the two-party political system
2. allows a president to be elected without a majority of the popular vote
3. forces each political candidate to campaign in every state
4. makes the federal election process too expensive
Base your answer on the accompanying table and on your knowledge of social studies.
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Which criticism of the electoral college system is illustrated by the information in the table?
1. Presidential electors frequently do not vote for the person they were pledged to support.
2. A person can win the presidency without winning the most popular votes.
3. The vote of the people in each state has little relationship to the election outcome.
4. Minor-party candidates often receive too many electoral votes.
Which statement best explains why critics have called for a change in the electoral college system?
1. A person who did not receive the largest percentage of the popular votes can be elected
President.
2. The system is a threat to the two-party system.
3. Electors often vote for candidates not listed on the ballot.
4. States with small populations have greater influence on Presidential elections than more
populated states do.
"Presidential Candidates Skip Campaigning in Low-Population States"
"Winner of Popular Vote Loses Election"
These headlines refer to controversial issues most directly related to
1. judicial review
3. impeachment
2. the electoral college
4. checks and balances
A major criticism of the electoral college system has been that
1. party loyalty is weakened after a presidential election
2. electors frequently fail to vote for a candidate
3. members of the electoral college are appointed for life terms
4. a president may be elected without receiving the majority of the popular vote
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What is the main idea of the cartoon?
1. The electoral college has more value now than it did in the past.
2. Only the Congress should have the power to elect a President.
3. The electoral college decreases the value of a citizen's vote.
4. Free elections in the United States have almost disappeared.
Population data from the census of 2000 was used to determine the number of
1. states in the Union
3. electoral college votes from each state
2. senators from each state 4. Supreme Court justices
What is a characteristic of the electoral college system that is reflected in the election results of 1912
and 1968?
1. The two-party system has failed to work in some elections
2. Electors are not bound to their party's candidate
3. States with small populations can dominate election results
4. The ''winner-take-all'' method can distort the relationship between the popular vote and the
electoral vote
What has been the most frequent criticism of the electoral college system?
1. An excessive number of third-party candidates have been encouraged to run for office.
2. Electors frequently ignore the vote of the people.
3. The person who wins the popular vote has not always been chosen as President.
4. The electors are not chosen by political parties.
3. Lobbying
Which action is an example of lobbying by a special interest group?
1. labor union members threatening to strike if their company opens a factory in a foreign
nation
2. members of Congress introducing a bill that will provide for low-interest college loans
3. a congressional committee investigating the activities of organized crime
4. several lumber companies asking Senators to allow logging on federal lands
Lobbying groups like the National Rifle Association (NRA) and the National Education Association
(NEA) can influence government decisions because they
1. directly choose the leaders of Congress
2. work to elect legislators who support their views
3. pay the salaries of elected officials
4. become members of third political parties
A major objection to many lobbying groups is that they
1. are illegal under the federal Constitution
2. have too much influence on government
3. are free from all government regulations
4. have been controlled by the media
The main purpose of lobbying is to
1. influence legislation on behalf of special interest groups
2. strengthen the power of political parties
3. increase the speed and efficiency of the law-making process
4. reduce the number of candidates in political elections
Political action committees (PACs) are most closely associated with the
1. spoils system
3. lobbying process
2. Cabinet system
4. appeals process
Which aspect of lawmaking is a result of the unwritten constitution?
1. Congress overriding the President's veto
2. special-interest groups lobbying to try to influence legislation
3. bills passing both houses of Congress by majority vote
4. revenue bills originating in the House of Representatives
Which part of government is least influenced by lobbying and political pressure?
1. executive branch of the United States government
2. United States Supreme Court
3. United States Congress
4. New York States Legislature
The main political function of lobbyists for special interest groups is to
1. influence public officials to support or oppose specific programs
2. provide a source of unbiased information for legislators
3. nominate candidates for elective offices
4. simplify the process of developing nad passing laws
What is a primary role of lobbyists in the political process?
1. to draft bills for legislators
2. to present the views of special interest groups on proposed legislation
3. to locate citizens willing to run for public offices
4. to provide legislators with unbiased information on important issues
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Based on the chart, which statement is a valid conclusion?
1. Japan needs more United States foreign aid than any other country listed
2. The United States has a balance-of-payments problem
3. Foreign countries may have major influence on United States legislation
4. the American economy has come under the control of other nations
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According to the cartoon, the most difficult task for the Federal Government in the 1990s was
1. reforming the welfare system
2. balancing the Federal budget
3. providing affordable medical insurance
4. cutting defense spending
The main obstacle to solving the problem shown in the cartoon was the
1. failure of Congress to respond to public opinion
2. Government's inability to fund social programs
3. inefficiency of the Government's tax collection system
4. demands of a variety of special interest groups
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In this cartoon, what is the main concern of the cartoonist?
1. the technology needed to run the federal government is too expensive
2. consumers should be protected from false advertising in the media
3. technology makes it easier to influence legislators
4. the government is unable to safeguard the privacy of Internet users
4. Campaign Finance Reform
To reduce the influence of special-interest groups on political campaigns, reformers have often
proposed increasing
1. the length of political campaigns
3. the number of elected officials
2. public funding of political campaigns
4. the number of women candidates
Base your answer on the cartoon (see image) and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0603/US0603010.GIF
What is the main idea of this cartoon?
1. Americans fail to adequately support the expenses of political candidates.
2. Campaign advertising has no influence on voter turnout.
3. Campaign costs are a major cause of the national debt.
4. High campaign costs negatively affect the political process.
"Influence of Political Action Committees Continues to Rise"
"Republicans and Democrats Spend over $100 Million in 2000 Presidential Election"
"Senate Passes Campaign Finance Reform Act"
What is the central issue of these headlines?
1. Republicans and Democrats spend equal amounts of money.
2. American citizens pay high taxes to support presidential campaigns.
3. Money has a strong impact on the American political process.
4. Candidates spend much of their own money on political campaigns.
The most common proposed solution to the problem shown in the cartoon is to
1. establish poll taxes
2. have candidates finance their own campaigns
3. eliminate primaries from the election system
4. use public funds to pay for political campaigns
Base your answer on the accompanying cartoon and on your knowledge of social studies.
http://barronsregents.com/img/US0102/US0102046.GIF
What is the main idea of this cartoon?
1. Senators spend too much time talking and not enough time passing new laws.
2. Additional limits on campaign spending are needed.
3. The salaries of United States senators are too high.
4. Only a wealthy individual can campaign for a seat in Congress.
What would be an expected result of the public financing of election campaigns?
1. Personal income taxes would be reduced.
2. Political parties would no longer be necessary.
3. People who contribute large amounts of money would lose their influence.
4. Incumbents would be guaranteed reelection.
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What is the main idea of this cartoon?
1. wealthy persons should be discouraged from running for public office
2. efforts to limit political contributions from special interest groups are not successful
3. special interest groups from foreign nations have too much influence on American politics
4. placing limits on terms in office for elected officials would solve campaign funding
problems
5. Media Election Coverage
Which heading would be most appropriate for this list?
I. _______________________
A. Presidents appearing on major television networks to announce important policies
B. Candidates for public office spending large amounts on political advertisements
C. Presidents delivering "State of the Union" addresses to Congress at 9:00 p.m. Eastern
Standard Time
1. Political corruption
2. Reforms in television
3. Influence of the media
4. Duties of the President
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What is the main idea of the cartoon?
1. families that watch television are the most informed about politics
2. the speeches of candidates often fail to attract the voters' attention
3. more voters should watch cable television
4. television networks are not acting in politically responsible ways
C. Today’s Issues and Problems
1. Social Security System and Medicare
During the next 30 years, what will be the most likely impact of the baby boom that followed World
War II?
1. More money will be spent on national defense.
2. The cost of health care will decrease.
3. Social Security will have to provide for increasing numbers of retired people.
4. The elderly will be the smallest segment of the population.
The aging of the baby boom generation will most likely result in
1. an increase in Social Security spending
2. a decrease in health care costs
3. a decrease in infant mortality in the United States
4. a balanced federal budget
Which change in the demographic pattern of the United States is currently contributing most to the
problems facing the Social Security system?
1. aging of the baby boomers
3. migration to the Sunbelt
2. shorter life span of the elderly
4. decline in the rate of immigration
As the average age of the nation's population increases, there will be a need to
1. create more child care facilities
2. address the financing of Medicare
3. increase the number of public schools
4. reform immigration laws
Social scientists use the expressing "the graying of America" to describe the
1. aging of the nation's population
2. declining political power of older Americans
3. possible failure of the Social Security system
4. increasing number of babies born to older couples
Since the 1990's, the primary issues concerning the health care system in the United States has been the
1. increasing cost of medical care
2. shortage of prescription drugs
3. safety of medical procedures
4. reorganization of hospitals
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Which situation can be inferred from the population trend shown on the graph?
1. in the 1980's, more new schools were needed than in the early 1960's
2. in the 1970's, there was an increased migration to the northeast
3. in the 1980's, the number of baby boomers was recognized as a threat to the future of Social
Security benefits
4. in the 1990's, death rates increased
Information on the graph shows that the birthrate peaked in
1. 1940
2. 1947
3. 1957
4. 1970
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What did the federal government propose to address the problem suggested by the graph?
1. creation of a national one-child policy
2. expansion of the Medicare program
3. development of a national child-care program for working parents
4. elimination of Social Security benefits for Americans over the age of 85
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The changes shown in the graph support the recent concerns of Americans about the
1. future of Social Security and Medicare
2. return to an agrarian society
3. surplus of health care workers
4. shortage of schools and colleges
2. United States Immigration Policy
During the 1990s, an increase in Mexican immigration to the United States was caused by the
immigrants' desire for
1. greater political freedom
3. better economic opportunities
2. bilingual education
4. religious freedom
Which statement most accurately describes United States immigration policy since 1920?
1. Any person wishing to immigrate to the United States has been welcomed.
2. Limits have been placed on the number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States.
3. Only immigrates with jobs or relatives in the United States have been admitted.
4. Immigrants have been required to speak English before they can be admitted to the United
States.
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People who support unrestricted immigration would agree most with Speaker
1. A
3. C
2. B
4. D
Which statements about immigration to the United States is most accurate?
1. the desire for economic advancement has been a major reason for immigration to the United
States
2. the ethnic mix of immigrants to the United States has remained mostly unchanged
3. the number of immigrants has remained constant in each decade during most of United
States history
4. nearly all immigrants have easily assimilated into American culture
Over the past twenty years, an objective of United States immigration policy has been to
1. reduce the number of illegal immigrants
2. keep out immigrants from former communist nations
3. return to an open immigration policy
4. encourage emigration from Western Europe
Base your answer on the accompanying cartoon and on your knowledge of social studies.
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The cartoonist is directing criticism at the
1. use of unskilled workers
2. government policy toward illegal immigrants
3. poor quality of domestic textiles
4. use of nonunion labor in the workplace
"Once I thought to write a history of the immigrants in America. Then I discovered that the immigrants
were American history."
--Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted
Which aspect of American society is referred to by this statement?
1. nationalism
3. assimilation
2. ethnocentrism
4. racism
Base your answer on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Speaker A:
"Our nation has grown and prospered from the ideas and labor of immigrants. The nation has been
enriched by immigrants from different nations who brought new ideas and lifestyles, which have
become part of American culture."
Speaker B:
"United States industries are competing with established European manufacturers. To prosper,
American industries need the vast supply of unskilled labor that is provided by immigrants."
Speaker C:
"Immigrants are taking jobs at low wages without regard for long hours and workers' safety. American
workers must unite to end this unfair competition."
Speaker D:
"Immigrants arrive in American cities poor and frightened. They are helped to find jobs or housing.
These newcomers should show their gratitude at voting time."
Which speaker is most clearly expressing the melting pot theory?
1. A
3. C
2. B
4. D
Which social practice has done the most to assimilate immigrants into American culture?
1. educating immigrant children in public schools
2. housing immigrants in tenements
3. making low-cost medical care available
4. forming ethnic neighborhoods in cities
In United States history, a similarity between the "old" and "new" immigrant groups was that both
were
1. financially helped by state and federal government programs
2. readily assimilated into American society
3. primarily drawn to the United States by economic motives
4. mainly attracted to the Middle West
"Year of the Rat Celebrated in Chinatown"
"St. Patrick's Day Parade Draws a Crown of 10,000"
"Martin Luther King Day Recognized in Schools Across the United States'
Which characteristic of United States society is best illustrated by these headlines?
1. nativism
3. urbanization
2. social mobility
4. cultural pluralism
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Which statement best expresses the main idea of the cartoon?
1. the United States has returned to an open immigration policy
2. current immigration policy favors those with financial security
3. today's immigrants need to have an advanced knowledge of technology
4. current immigration policy supports the spirit of the Statue of Liberty
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According to the cartoonist, the United States has
1. an ethnically diverse population
2. an overly restrictive immigration policy
3. a national requirement that high school students learn foreign languages
4. a census report printed in languages that are spoken in the United States
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Supporters of literacy tests to restrict immigration would most likely favor the views of Speakers
1. A and C
3. B and D
2. B and C
4. A and B
The immigrants referred to be Speaker D were mainly from
1. Canada and Mexico
2. South America
3. western Europe
4. southern and eastern Europe
3. Minimum Wage
Congress established a minimum wage for workers and regulations on radio broadcasts by combining
its delegated power to regulate interstate commerce with the
1. sanctity of contract clause
3. elastic clause
2. due process clause
4. writ of habeas corpus clause
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The point of view expressed in this cartoon is that the 1997 increase in the minimum wage would
1. significantly reduce the gap between the rich and the poor
2. encourage the poor to appreciate the concern of politicians
3. help workers climb the ladder of success
4. be unlikely to provide any major benefit to the poor
4. Nuclear Proliferation
The development of nuclear weapons by India and Pakistan has been criticized by the United States
government because
1. India and Pakistan are allies of Russia
2. India and Pakistan have threatened to use these weapons against the United States
3. the United States insists on maintaining its nuclear capability
4. the spread of nuclear weapons threatens all humankind
Base your answer on the accompanying cartoon and on your knowledge of social studies.
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The main idea expressed in the cartoon involves the
1. relationship between consumer needs and military needs
2. problems created by the development of nuclear weapons
3. need for all people to be informed about world affairs
4. problems associated with the shift from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy
5. Computer Security and Identity Theft
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The cartoonist is critical of computers mainly because
1. important personal records are frequently lost
2. personal information may no longer be private
3. computers are becoming more difficult to use
4. computer technology becomes obsolete too quickly