Download Chapter 10 Questions

Year 11 Human Biology
Chapter 10 - Human Perspectives
Text Questions - Solutions
FOCUS QUESTIONS
1.
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2.
Characteristics of lungs that make them well suited to gas
exchange.
Huge surface area
Well supplied with blood vessels
Membrane very thin for diffusion
Lungs positioned deep in body to avoid dehydration.
Lung volumes can be changed by movements of the respiratory muscles.
How the lungs have such a large surface area.
By having smaller, circular air sacs.
3.
Why does oxygen diffuse into lungs but not other body tissues?
Because the red blood cells do not contain any oxygen, therefore a low concentration.
4.
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(a) The ways oxygen is carried in the blood.
3% dissolved in plasma
97% as oxyhaemoglobin
(b) The ways carbon dioxide is carried in the blood.
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5.
8% dissolved in plasma
22% as carbaminohaemoglobin
70% as bicarbonate ions
(a) The ABC of resuscitation.
A - Airway
B - Breathing
C - Circulation
(b) When should resuscitation be started?
When an apparent healthy person collapses.
(c) When should resuscitation be discontinued?
When medical help arrives.
6.
(a) How you would check the airway.
Place in coma position & look & then feel inside the mouth.
(b) How you would check for breathing.
By looking at the chest & placing ear near mouth or finger under nose.
(c) How you would determine if the heart is beating.
By checking the pulse.
7.
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8.
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Steps in Expired Air Resuscitation.
Turn casualty on back
Open the airway
Pinch nose
Place mouth over casualties.
Blow into mouth
Look for breathing to start.
Repeat until breathing occurs
(a) Steps in Cardiopulmonary circulation
Place casualty on back
find middle of the breastbone
Place heel on breastbone in depress.
Continue until help arrives
(b) Differences in CPR between adult & child.
Differences include how hard to depress the breastbone & only use 1 hand with a child & two fingers
with an infant.
9.
Precautions taken to reduce chances of emphysema or lung
cancer.
Don't smoke
10.
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(a) Adaptations for high altitudes.
Amount of oxygen taken in
Increased rate of breathing
More red blood cells produced.
(b) How would your body acclimatise?
See above.
APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE:
1.
A collapsed individual. What could it be?
A lack of oxygen.
2.
Why is it dangerous to run a car in an closed garage?
Because the CO2 binds better with haemoglobin better than oxygen which leads to not getting enough
oxygen.
3.
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5.
Differences in blood content of 4 major vessels.
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Jobs & Emphysema
Smoker
Barman
Why arrive early at high altitude?
To become acclimatise to the lack of oxygen.
6.
(a) How can people function with a collapsed lung.
Because the pressure difference is still the same.
(b) Any functions they couldn't perform?
Any with rigorous activity.
7.
(a) Why is colour of blood in pulmonary artery different from
other arteries.
Because pulmonary artery is only artery with deoxygenated blood.
(b) Why is colour of blood in pulmonary vein different from
Because pulmonary vein is only vein with oxygenated blood.
other veins.
8.
(a) Hypoxia - Heart failure or poor circulation
Subject A
(b) Hypoxia - High Altitude person recently?
Subject C
(c) Hypoxia - Deficiency of Iron?
Subject B
(d) Hypoxia - Highest Pulse Rate?
Subject A
(e) Hypoxia - Highest Breathing Rate?
Subject A