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Chapter 1 – Thinking Geographically
Test Study Guide
1. With whom, when, and where did geography as a discipline originate?
2. What is the essential modifier (word) used by geographers in forming their concepts?
3. Geography is often referred to as the study of, “the why of where”. What does that mean?
4. Why does every map have some degree of distortion?
5. Identify the key reference points on a map grid system?
6. Identify qualities that are always true about the globe grid?
7. Identify four things that are always true about longitude?
8. What is the distance between the North and South Poles?
9. Identify four things that are always true about lines of latitude?
10. In what kind of map is contour used, and what is it used to show?
11. What type of map is best used to record the presence of a phenomenon, its spatial pattern, or its
distribution?
12. What function do isolines serve on a map?
13. What kind of map is the most practical and functional map in organizing the daily lives of
humans (hint: an internal representation of a place on Earth’s surface)?
14. What is a person who makes maps called?
15. What are the five critical decisions that a map-maker must make concerning the distortion of
the data displayed on a map?
16. What term defines the relationship between the size of an earth feature and its size on a map?
17. What is true about the scale of a map and the area portrayed by the map?
18. What term refers to the size of the geographic unit under investigation on a map?
19. How does the aggregation of a map affect the distortion of a map?
20. What map projection is directionally correct and good for ocean navigation, but has some
extremely distorted regions?
21. What are Geographic Information Systems, and how do geographers use them?
22. Name the 7 Themes of Geography:
23. The study of place names is known as __________________________________.
24. What are the 6 different methods used to assign names to places?
25. What are some examples of places that have changed their names?
26. What is the difference between site and situation, and give examples of each?
Site –
Situation –
27. What 2 terms refer to the precise position of a place on the surface of the globe?
28. List some examples of absolute location.
29. What is a term that means the same thing as “absolute location”?
30. How is relative distance measured?
31. What term refers to when the location of a place is described by its local physical characteristics?
32. What quality or factor marks regional boundaries?
33. Define formal region and list some examples of formal regions?
34. What kind of region consists of internal patterns of interaction and connection? Give an example?
35. What factors make a region a functional one?
36. Why are functional regions becoming less and less relevant in today’s world?
37. What kind of region reflects personal or popular impressions of territory and spatial divisions?
38. What is the difference between perceptual and vernacular regions?
39. List some examples of perceptual regions?
40. The visible imprint of human activity on the earth is known as what?
41. What term is used to refer to an absolute relationship such as population per square kilometer?
42. What term describes the extent to which phenomena are spread out on the earth?
43. What 2 terms are used to describe the concentration of phenomena on the earth (hint: spread
out or close together)?
44. What is the process through which the world is becoming interdependent on a global scale to
which smaller scales are becoming less important?
45. How are economic and cultural globalization different from each other?
46. Give some examples of economic globalization?
47. What are the main agents of economic globalization?
48. What factors have made it possible for international business to occur more easily?
49. Give some examples of cultural globalization.
50. What does the concept of sustainability encourage?
51. What are the 3 Pillars of Sustainability?
52. What various methods will supposedly help sustain the environment for future generations?
Free-Response Questions: (2 of these 3 questions will be on the test)
53. Describe the properties of the globe grid and define its key reference points. Draw and
carefully label a diagram that illustrates your description. Then discuss the difficulties
cartographers have in displaying the globe grid on a map?
54. Compare and contrast the three types of regions identified in Chapter 1, using in your
discussion examples illustrating each.
55. Explain the concept of globalization:
A. Discuss the factors that have caused it.
B. Differentiate between the two different kinds of globalization.
C. Discuss the positive and negative consequences of globalization