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Name: ___________________________________________________________________Period: __________ Date: __________ Aftermath of WWII Standard: Demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of World War II. Essential Question: What was the global political, economic, and social impact of World War II? Explain allied Post-World War II policies; include formation of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan for Europe, and MacArthur’s plan for Japan. Post-War Europe Description: Nuremberg Trials: Formation of the United Nations League of Nations United Nations Purpose Years of Service Member Nations Accomplishments Soviets Build a Buffer Nations: Impact: Explain allied Post-World War II policies; include formation of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan for Europe, and MacArthur’s plan for Japan. Division of the Allies Iron Curtain: Berlin Blockade: Berlin Wall: NATO: Warsaw Pact: U.S. Commitment to Europe Civil War: Containment: Marshall Plan: Postwar Japan Description: Goal of Occupation Demilitarization: Reforms: Democratization Role of Emperor: Development of the Constitution: Aftermath of WWII Standard: Demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of World War II. Essential Question: What was the global political, economic, and social impact of World War II? d. Explain allied Post-World War II policies; include formation of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan for Europe, and MacArthur’s plan for Japan. Post-War Europe Description: London, Warsaw, Berlin suffered terrible destruction War torn cities had displaced agriculture Spread of famine and disease Missing able bodied men to plant fields First winter after the war there was no food, shoes or coats Nuremberg Trials Description: 1. International Military tribunal representing 23 nations that lasted from 1945 to 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany 2. trials on “crimes against humanity” i. those found guilty were executed and their bodies were cremated at the concentration camp Dachau Formation of the United Nations League of Nations Purpose International peacekeeping Years of Service 1919-1946 Member Nations 23 nation members Accomplishments Health and economic advancements; failed to prevent World War II and was the reason for disbanding Soviets Build a Buffer Nations: Albania Bulgaria Hungary Czechoslovakia Romania Poland Yugoslavia United Nations International peacekeeping 1945192 nation members Economic development and environmental protection Impact: Stalin viewed these countries as a necessary buffer (wall of protection) Stalin ignored his agreement at the Yalta conference and designated in each country a communist government Truman pressed Stalin to live up to his agreement to FDR at Yalta to allow free elections in Eastern European countries Stalin refused communism and capitalism could not exist in the same world d. Explain allied Post-World War II policies; include formation of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan for Europe, and MacArthur’s plan for Japan. Division of the Allies Iron Curtain: speech given by Winston Churchill figure of speech was representation Europe’s division into mostly democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe Berlin Blockade: Berlin Wall: NATO: Warsaw Pact: U.S. Commitment to Europe Civil War: Containment: Marshall Plan: George Marshall, US Secretary of State 1947, proposed that the United States give aid to needy European Countries Provided food, machinery $12.5 billion to aid European Nations in need Postwar Japan Description: Tokyo, Hiroshima, Nagasaki destroyed General McArthur placed in charge of U.S. occupation wanted to ensure peace and prevent a future war Goal of Occupation Demilitarization: disbanding of the Japanese armed forces done quickly only allowed a small police force Held trials for war criminals o 7 out of 25 accused sentenced to death by hanging, including Hideki Tojo (Japan’s Prime Minister) Democratization Role of Emperor: before war the emperor viewed as divine after surrender Hirohito declared he was not divine Emperor became a figure head Reforms: broaden land ownership o huge estates sold to the government o government then sold to tenant farmers at reasonable prices increase participation of workers and farmers o creation of independent labor unions Development of the Constitution: most important achievement of occupation drafted by McArthur and staff the Diet (Japanese 2 house Legislative body) ran the government transformed Imperial Japan into a constitutional monarchy similar to Great Britain a government created by the people had a prime minister (head of the majority party of parliament) Everybody allowed to vote (men & women over age of 20) creation of Bill of rights to protect basic freedoms Article 9-the Japanese could no longer make war, only fight if attacked Is there still a U.S. presence in Japan today? 1. official peace treaty signed in September 1951 with 48 nations including US ending the war 2. March 1952 US occupation was over 3. Japan agreed to a continuing US military presence to protect their country in the absence of an armed force. 4. Bitter enemies became allies