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Mrs. Earland 2012 Animal Kingdom Part 1 – Animals in General, Sponges & Cnidarians Part A - What is an animal and how to they do stuff? What characteristics do all animals share? 1. Heterotrophs: _________________________________ 2. ______________: Bodies are composed of more than 1 cell 3. Eukaryotic: ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ 4. No cell walls Two main divisions: Invertebrate: ______________________ Vertebrate: _______________________ Trends in Animal Evolutions & Essential Functions 1. Levels of Organization 2. Cephalization:_____________________________________ - Associated with development of symmetry and the development of a 3. Tissue layers: A. Endoderm: _________________________ B. Mesoderm: _________________________ C. Ectoderm: _________________________ Some animals only have two tissue layers (_______________ and _______________). These animals are called: ___________________. Ex) Jellyfish Most animals have all three tissue layers: ___________________ 3. Development of a coelom Coloem:_____________________________________ 4. Embryological Development: Bilateral animals can be divided into two main groups based on embryological development Protostomes › Body cavity forms within a space between the body wall and the digestive cavity › Blastopore becomes mouth › e.g., arthropods, annelids, mollusks Deuterostomes › Body cavity forms as an outgrowth of the digestive cavity › Blastopore becomes anus › e.g. echinoderms, chordates 5. Symmetry A. ______________________: Mostly in simple organisms. ________________________________________________________ B. Bilateral Symmetry: __________________________________ _________________________________________________ Specialized anterior (_________), posterior (tail/back/end), _____________ (upper surface) and ventral (bottom surface) 5. Reproduction: Asexual (______________) and sexual A. ____________ development: “Babies” (offspring) look like adults (they get bigger as they get older, but don’t change ___________) B. Indirect development: ____________________ Ex) Tadpole to frog 6. Feeding _______________________: Eats plants _______________________ : Eats animals _______________________ : Eats plants and animals _______________________ : Lives off of a host _______________________ : Strains floating plants and animals from surrounding water _______________________ : Feeds on decaying plants and animals (detrius) The Essential 7: Part B - Porifera: “Pore bearing” animals Simplest Animal - Commonly referred to as Adults are - can’t move on their own Lack true tissues and organs, most are unspecialized – Incomplete digestive system Sponge structure: o See Fig 16.10 p. 561. Ancient & mostly marine Close to 5,000 species divided into 3 classes: Cells Types & Functions in Sponges: 1. 2. 3. 4. Porocytes: Collar Cells: Osculum: Spicules: a. Some sponges have skeletons made by both ____________ and ________________. 5. Amebocytes: Porifera Feeding: They are FILTER FEEDERS Sponges are characterized by the possession of a feeding system unique among animals. Poriferans don't have mouths; instead, they have tiny pores in their outer walls through which water is drawn. Cells in the sponge walls filter goodies from the water as the water is pumped through the body and out other larger openings. The flow of water through the sponge is unidirectional, driven by the beating of flagella which line the surface of chambers connected by a series of canals. Sponge cells perform a variety of bodily functions and appear to be more independent of each other than are the cells of other animals. Reproduction: Sexual: Asexual: Gemmules: Budding: Phylum Cnidaria: the hydra, anemones, & jellyfish – Radial symmetry › . - Cells organized into distinct tissues › Rudimentary nerve network and contractile tissue › No › Incomplete Digestive System - › Reproduce sexually and asexually Polyp Medusa Some cnidarians exist in both forms and some one or the other Classes of Cnidarians: Hydrozoaex Scyphozoaex Anthozoaex