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141 MBC (Medical Biochemistry –1)
Course name
Course code &No.
Credit hours
Duration
Study year
Medical Biochemistry -1
MBC 141
8 hours
One academic year
First year of Medical college
‫اسم المقرر‬
‫رقم المقرر ورمزه‬
‫الساعات المعتمدة‬
‫مدة المقرر‬
‫سنة الدراسة‬
Lectures: 3 /week = 3 h
Tutorials: once/week = 3 h
Practical: once/week = 3 h
The course is conducted to two male student groups (A&B) and one female student group
1. Course objectives:
1.
To provide an introduction to the principles of biochemistry that gives
the students a command of its concepts.
2.
To provide an explanation of the relationship between the threedimensional structure of macromolecules and their biological
activities.
3.
To give the students insight into appreciating how understanding of
metabolic processes occurring in the mammalian body, could
contribute to the understanding and explanation of pathological
phenomena.
4.
To make the students familiar with the various control and integrating
mechanisms of diverse biochemical events in different metabolic
processes, and to understand normal and abnormal human metabolism.
5.
To give the students experience in biochemical methodology in order
to appreciate the clinical biochemistry techniques as diagnostic tools
and to be able to interpret the results for appropriate diagnosis and
follow up of patients.
2. Practical / Tutorial:
For practical, each main group (A&B) will be subdivided into 3 subgroups to allow a relatively small group at each practical class.
A practical handout will be given to the student at the beginning
of the year including all the practical classes to be given. It is
beneficial for the student to read and understand the theoretical
background of the class before coming to the laboratory.
Every practical class includes a MCQ test on the theoretical
background covered in the practical . A report about the wet
practical must be handed in for marking at the completion of the
practical class.
For tutorial : Discussion in a relatively small groups including
questions and answers together with a problem based learning
(PBL) is actively encouraged during these tutorials .
3. Academic Supervisor: The students will be supervised by the teaching
staff members to advise them on the academic and other problems.
Office hours are assigned for the staff to meet with the students for this
purpose.
4. Attendance: attendance of the student will be registered at every
lecture, practical and tutorial. According to the University
regulations, the student will not be allowed to sit in the final
examination at the end of the year if his attendance is less than
75%.
5. Tutorial Quiz: There will be two announced tutorials (MCQ
tests) each term.
6. Continuous Assessment: Two announced tests (Midterm) & a
midyear examination will be on all course material completed
to-date.
The examinations are designed to give the student the
opportunity to see what can he accomplish and to let us know if
the teaching achieved the required results.
6. Final Examination: At the end of the first year, the student will sit for a
final examination that include only a written examination (MCQ) for
which 40 marks will be assigned.
141 MBC : Course Outline:
PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION :
Amino Acids
( 3 lectures)
- Structure of the amino acids
- Acidic and basic properties of A.A.
Structure of Proteins
-
( 3 lectures)
Primary structure of proteins
Secondary structure of proteins
Tertiary structure of globular proteins
Quaternary structure of proteins
Denaturation of proteins
Protein misfolding
Fibrous proteins
( 3 lectures)
- Collagen
- Elastin
Enzymes
-
( 8 lectures )
Nomenclature
Properties of enzymes
Factors affecting reaction velocity
Michaelis – Menten equation
Inhibition of enzyme activity
Regulation of enzyme activity
Enzymes in clinical diagnosis
INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM :
Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation
-
Free energy
ATP as an energy carrier
Electron transport chain
Oxidative phosphorylation
Introduction to Carbohydrates
-
(2 lectures)
Classification and structure of carbohydrates
Isomers and epimers
Enantiomers
Cyclization of monosaccharides
Complex carbohydrates
Digestion of carbohydrates
( 4 lectures)
Carbohydrates metabolism
-
Introduction to metabolism
Regulation of metabolism
Overview of glycolysis
Transport of glucose into cells
Reactions of glycolysis
Hormonal regulation of glycolysis
Alternate fates of pyruvate
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
-
( 3 lectures)
( 2 lectures)
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
Reactions of the TCA cycle
Energy produced by the TCA cycle
Regulation of the TCA cycle
Gluconeogenesis
( 2 lectures)
- Substrates for gluconeogenesis
- Reactions unique to gluconeogenesis
- Regulation of gluconeogenesis
Glycogen metabolism
-
( 3 lectures)
Structure and function of glycogen
Synthesis of glycogen ( Glycogenesis)
Degradation of glycogen ( Glycogenolysis)
Regulation of glycogen synthesis and degradation
Glycogen storage diseases
Metabolism of Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
( 2 lectures)
- Fructose metabolism
- Galactose metabolism
- Lactose synthesis
Pentose Phosphate Pathway and NADPH
( 3 lectures)
- Irreversible oxidative reactions
- Uses of NADPH
- G6PD deficiency
Glycosaminoglycans and Glycoproteins
-
( 2 lectures)
Overview of Glycosaminoglycans
Structure of Glycosaminoglycans
Classification of glycosaminoglycans
Structure of proteoglycans
Overview of Glycoproteins
Revision
(3 lectures)
LIPID METABOLISM :
Metabolism of Dietary Lipids
( 3 lectures)
- Digestion of Dietary Lipids
- Absorption of Dietary Lipids
Secretion and Utilization of Dietary Lipids
Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerol Metabolism
-
Structure of fatty acids
Saturation of fatty acids
Essential fatty acids
De Novo synthesis of fatty acids
Storage of fatty acids as components of triacylglycerol
Mobilization of stored fats and oxidation of fatty acids
Release of fatty acids from TAG
-Oxidation of fatty acids
-Oxidation of fatty acids
Ketone bodies
Complex Lipid Metabolism
-
( 3 lectures)
Overview of phospholipids
Structure of phospholipids
Phospholipid synthesis
Glycerophospholipids
Sphingophospholipids : Sphingomyelin
Degradation of phospholipids
Overview of Glycolipids
Structure of glycosphingolipids
Synthesis and degradation of glycosphingolipids
Prostaglandins and related compounds
Cholesterol and Steroid Metabolism
-
(5 lectures)
Overview of Cholesterol
Structure of cholesterol
Synthesis of cholesterol
Degradation of cholesterol
Bile acids and bile salts
Plasma Lipoproteins
Metabolism of VLDL
Metabolism of LDL
Metabolism of HDL
Steroid hormones
( 4 lectures)
NITROGEN METABOLISM :
Amino Acids : Disposal of Nitrogen
-
( 4 lectures )
Overall nitrogen metabolism
Digestion of dietary proteins
Absorption of A.A. and dipeptides
Transport of A.A. into cells
Removal of nitrogen from A.A.
Urea Cycle
Metabolism of ammonia
Amino Acid Degradation and Synthesis
(5 lectures)
- Glucogenic and ketogenic A.A
- Catabolism of the carbon skeletons of AA
- Biosynthesis of nonessential A.A.
- Metabolic defects in A.A. metabolism
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Maple syrup urine disease
- Albinism
- Homocystinuria
Alkaptonuria
Conversion of A.A. to specialized products
( 2 lectures)
- Porphyrin metabolism
- Structure of porphyrins
- Biosynthesis of heme
- Porphyrias
- Other nitrogen-containing compounds
INTEGRATION OF METABOLISM
Metabolic effects of insulin and glucagons
-
Insulin
Structure of insulin
Synthesis of insulin
Regulation of insulin secretion
Metabolic effects of insulin
Mechanism of insulin action
Glucagon
Metabolic effects of glucagon
Mechanism of action of glucagon
Hypoglycemia
Types of hypoglycemia
( 3 lectures)
The Feed / Fast Cycle
-
( 3 lectures)
Enzymic changes in the fed state
Liver : nutrient distribution center
Adipose tissue : energy storage depot
Resting skeletal muscle
Brain
Overview of fasting
Liver in fasting
Adipose tissue in fasting
Resting skeletal muscle in fasting
Brain in fasting
Water –Soluble Vitamins
-
( 3 lectures)
Folic acid
Cobalamin (vit B12)
Ascorbic acid (vit C)
Pyridoxine (vit B6)
Thiamine (vit B1)
Niacin
Riboflavin ( vit B2)
Biotin
Pantothenic acid
(B) Tutorials:
- Protein chemistry :
-
Amphoteric properties of A.A.
Orders of protein structure
Fibrous protein & clinical aspects
- Enzymology:
- Enzyme Inhibition
- Regulation of enzyme activity
- Enzymes of clinical importance
- Shuttle mechanisms
- Carbohydrate Metabolism :
- Glycolysis, Krebs& gluconeogenesis
- Glycogen metabolism & HMP
- Mono- & disaccharides metabolism
- Lipid metabolism :
- Fatty acids &Phospholipids
- Glycolipids, Prostaglandins &Cholesterol
- Plasma Lipoproteins :
- Diabetes mellitus
- Nitrogen metabolism :
- Urea cycle
- A.A. metabolism & clinical importance
(C) Practicals:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Laboratory orientation , instrumentation., solutions and units
Qualitative tests for protein.
Quality control
α-Amylase and pancreatic functions
Plasma glucose estimation.
Plasma cholesterol estimation..
Vitamin C estimation in urine
Phenylketonuria.
DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS IN THE ANNUAL SYSTEM
First Half of the Year
Activity
Marks
Practical & tutorial
10
First Assessment Test (Mid-term)
10
Tutorial (quizzes )(2)
5
End of the Term Exam (Mid-year)
10
Subtotal
35 Marks
Second Half of the Year
Activity
Practical & tutorial
Second Assessment Test (Mid-term)
Tutorial (quizzes)(2)
Marks
10
10
5
Subtotal
FINAL Examination:( MCQ)
25 Marks
40 Marks
TOTAL
100 Marks
Assigned Textbook :
1. Lippincott’s Reviews of Biochemistry, 3rd edition by Champe PC, Harvey
RA, Ferrier DR, Lippincott William & Wilkins London, 2005
Additional text books:
2. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry: 27th Edition by Murray RK, Granner
DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW, McGraw-Hill companies New York, 2005
3. Text book of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations 5th Edition, Devlin
TM Ed,Wiley –Liss New York 2002
Internet sites:
Medical Biochemistry Resources
142 MBC (Medical Biochemistry –2)
Course name
Course code &No.
Credit hours
Duration
Study year
Medical Biochemistry -2
MBC 142 (A & B)
4 hours
One academic year
Second year of Medical college
‫اسم المقرر‬
‫رقم المقرر ورمزه‬
‫الساعات المعتمدة‬
‫مدة المقرر‬
‫سنة الدراسة‬
Lectures: once /week = 1h Tutorials: once/week = 3 h
Practical: once/week = 3 h
The course is conducted to two male student groups (A&B) and one female student group
Objectives:
1.
To provide an explanation of the relationship between the nature and
biological activities of nucleic acids with emphasis on the immense
impact that such information had on the medical field.
To enable understanding of the biochemical defects underlying
common pathological conditions requiring routine or emergency
laboratory diagnosis and evaluation.
2.
3.
To enable understanding of the principles of human nutrition and
knowing the types and amounts of macronutrients that are needed to
maintain optimal health.
4. To give students information about the structure and function and the
clinical importance of fat-soluble vitamins in health and disease.
5. To provide students with knowledge about the chemical constituents of
biological fluids with special emphasis on blood, their function and
alterations in different diseases.
Course Outline:
(A) Theoretical
No. of Lectures = 30
NITROGEN METABOLISM :
Nucleotide metabolism
-
Nucleotide structure
Synthesis of purine nucleotides
Synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides
Degradation of purine nucleotides
Pyrimidine synthesis and degradation
( 3 lectures )
STORAGE AND EXPRESSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION:
DNA structure and replication
(4 lectures)
- Structure of DNA
- Steps in prokaryotic DNA synthesis
- Eukaryotic DNA replication
- Organization of eukaryotic DNA
- DNA repair
RNA structure and synthesis
-
Structure of RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Transcription of prokaryotic genes
Transcription of eukaryotic genes
Posttranscriptional modification of RNA
Protein synthesis
-
( 3 lectures )
The genetic code
Components required for translation
Codon recognition by tRNA
Steps in protein synthesis
Posttranslational modification of polypeptide chains
Biotechnology and human disease
-
( 3 lectures)
Restriction endonucleases
DNA cloning
Probes
Southern blotting
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Analysis of gene expression
Gene therapy
Transgenic animals
( 3 lectures )
NUTRITION AND VITAMINS:
Nutrition
-
( 3 lectures )
Dietary reference intakes
Energy requirement in humans
Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges
Dietary fats
Dietary carbohydrates
Dietary protein
Diet and cancer
Vitamins
-
( 2 lectures)
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Vitamin E
Vitamin supplements
Obesity
-
( 2 lectures )
Assessment of obesity
Body weight regulations
Metabolic changes observed in obesity
Obesity and health
Weight reduction
BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS:
Blood
-
Functions of the blood
Preparation of plasma and serum
The Red Blood Cells
Enzyme related hemolytic anemia
Globular Proteins
-
( 2 Lectures)
( 3 lectures)
Globular hemeproteins
Structure of heme
Structure and function of hemoglobin & myoglobin
Minor hemoglobins [ Fetal Hb ( Hb F) & Hb A1c]
Plasma Proteins
( 2 lectures)
Body Fluids
( 1 lecture)
-
Urine
- CSF
(B) Tutorials:
- Nucleotides metabolism :
- Hyperuricemia vs gout
- DNA structure :
- Rest. Endonucleases
- Replication :
- Topoisomerases & Mol. Mechanism of drug action
- Telomerase & Repair mechanisms
- Transcription:
- Lac operon & Posttranscriptional modifications
- Translation:
- Mechanism of action of antibiotics & posttranslation
- Free Radicals & Oxidative stress:
- Nutritional requirements
- Vitamins:
-
modifications
Fat-soluble vitamins & clin. correlations
- Obesity
- Hb. & myoglobin structure
- Hb. - clinical correlations
(C) Practical
1.
Estimation of serum uric acid.
2.
Kidney function tests, Creatinine clearance.
3.
Nucleic acids.
4.
PCR.
5.
Iron determination.
6.
Hb. electrophoresis.
7.
Plasma proteins.
8.
Physical properties and abnormal constituents of urine.
DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS IN THE ANNUAL SYSTEM
First Half of the Year
Activity
Marks
Practical & tutorial
10
First Assessment Test (Mid-term)
10
Tutorial (quizzes )(2)
5
End of the Term Exam (Mid-year)
10
Subtotal
35 Marks
Second Half of the Year
Activity
Practical & tutorial
Second Assessment Test (Mid-term)
Tutorial (quizzes)(2)
FINAL Examination:( MCQ)
Oral Examination
Marks
10
10
5
Subtotal
25 Marks
30 Marks
10 Marks
Subtotal
40 Marks
TOTAL
100 Marks
Assigned Textbook :
1. Lippincott Reviews of Biochemistry, 3rd edition by Champe PC,
Harvey RA, Ferrier DR, Lippincott William & Wilkins London,
2005
Additional text books:
2. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry: 27th Edition by Murray RK, Granner
DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW, McGraw-Hill companies New York, 2005
3. Text book of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations 5 th Edition, Devlin
TM Ed,Wiley –Liss New York 2002
Internet sites:
Medical Biochemistry Resources
105 CMED (Medical Genetics)
Course name
Course code &No.
Credit hours
Duration
Study year
Lectures: 1 /week = 1h
Medical Genetics
105 CMED
1
Half academic year
First year of Medical college
Tutorials: 0
‫اسم المقرر‬
‫رقم المقرر ورمزه‬
‫الساعات المعتمدة‬
‫مدة المقرر‬
‫سنة الدراسة‬
Practical: 0
Objectives:
1. To highlight the significance of genetic contribution to the
understanding of human disease states.
2. To elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of genetic disorders.
3. To elaborate the mode of inheritance of the genetic disorders.
4. To give the concepts of genetic polymorphism, linkage analysis.
5. To explain the techniques of genetic engineering and their application.
Course outlines: ( 15 lectures)
1. Introduction and definitions-The molecular basis of life.
2. The human chromosomes.
3. Mitosis and meiosis.
4. DNA - as a carrier of genetic information; replication, transcription
and translation.
5. Genes, gene type - phenotype relationship.
6. Regulation of gene expression.
7. Nature of mutations and their causes.
8. Autosomal inheritance - Recessive, dominant.
9. Sex-linked inheritance - Recessive, dominant.
10.Genetic linkage - gene polymorphisms.
11. Molecular genetics: The haemoglobinopathies, thalassaemias and the
red cell enzymopathies.
12. Diagnosis of genetic disorders.
13. Population genetics.
14. Genetic engineering.
15. Genetic counseling.
1
Method of Assessment:
This course is taught during the second term .One continuous assessment
test will be held in the middle of the term (40%) followed by a final
examination (60%) at the end of the term. Total mark is 100 marks
Exam
Continuous assessment test
Final examination
Total
Marks
40
60
100
Assigned Text Books:
1- Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics (12th Ed.) by Peter D.
Turnpenny, Sian Ph.D. Ellard, Churchill Livingston, New York,
USA, 2005.
2- Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine (6th Ed) by
Robert L. Nussbaum, Roderick R. McInnes, Huntington F.
Willard W.B. Saunders Company, London, UK, 2004.
2