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WH Cold War Documents 1
Document 1
For the present upsurge of the peasant movement is a colossal event. In a very short time, in
China’s
central,
southern
and northern
provinces, several
hundred
million peasants will rise like
a mighty
storm, like a hurricane, a
force so swift and violent that no
power, however great, will be
able to hold
it back. They will smash all the trammels that bind them and rush forward along the road
to liberation. They
will sweep all the imperialists, warlords, corrupt officials, local tyrants and
evil
gentry into their graves.
Report
on the Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan (March
1927)
By
Mao
Zedong
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu
Document 2
With Mao Tse-tung's thought as their weapon, the young "Red Guard" fighters are sweeping away the
dust of all the old ideas, culture, customs and habits of the exploiting classes. Where the broom does
not reach, the dust will not vanish of itself. Tens of thousands of "Red Guards" have wielded iron
brooms and within the short space of a few days have swept away many names and customs and habits
representing the ideology of the exploiting classes.
New names, new customs and new habits glittering with the proletarian revolutionary spirit, have
added boundless glory to our great capital, the centre of the proletarian revolution.
Revolutionary signs and inscriptions are everywhere. Everywhere there are revolutionary words and
songs. Every street, every store and every trade must become a school for the study of Mao Tse-tung's
thought and a centre for the dissemination, implementation and defence of Mao Tse-tung's thought.
Mao Tse-tung's thought is illuminating every corner. Red Guards and revolutionary students and
teachers in Lhasa have proposed to change the names of places, streets and houses which are tainted
with feudal serfdom and superstition. They also propose that literary and art groups forbid the
performance of operas and plays which reek of imperialism and feudalism.
The revolutionary spirit of the "Red Guards" will enable our country and people to preserve their
revolutionary youth for ever.
From Smash the Old World!
It's Fine!
Renmin Ribao editorial, August 23, 1966
http://www.morningsun.org/smash/good_indeed.html
Document 3
The very existence of the Greek state is today threatened by the terrorist activities of several thousand
armed men, led by Communists, who defy the government's authority at a number of points,
particularly along the northern boundaries. The Greek army is small and poorly equipped. It needs
supplies and equipment if it is to restore the authority of the government throughout Greek territory.
Greece must have assistance if it is to become a self-supporting and self-respecting democracy. The
United States must supply that assistance. We have already extended to Greece certain types of relief
and economic aid but these are inadequate.
There is no other country to which democratic Greece can turn. I believe that it must be the policy of
the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities
or by outside pressures. The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their
freedoms.
If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world -- and we shall surely endanger
the welfare of our own nation.
Truman Doctrine, 1947
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-trudoct/
Document 4
It is becoming more and more evident to everyone that the implementation of the Marshall Plan will
mean placing European countries under the economic and political control of the United States.
Moreover, this plan is an attempt to split Europe into two camps and, with the help of the United
Kingdom and France, to complete the formation of a bloc of several European countries hostile to the
interests of the democratic countries of Eastern Europe and most particularly to the interests of the
Soviet Union. The intention is to make use of Western Germany and German heavy industry as one of
the most important economic bases for American expansion in Europe, in disregard of the national
interests of the countries which suffered from German aggression.
Andrei Vyshinsky, Soviet spokesman, at the United Nations.
September 18, 1947 in response to the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
http://www.historywiz.com/primarysources/vyshinsky.html
Document 5
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.
Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin,
Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations
around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not
only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from
Moscow. In a great number of countries, far from the Russian frontiers and throughout the world,
Communist fifth columns are established and work in complete unity and absolute obedience to the
directions they receive from the Communist center. Except in the British Commonwealth and in the
United States where Communism is in its infancy, the Communist parties or fifth columns constitute a
growing challenge and peril to Christian civilization.
Winston Churchill presented his Sinews of Peace, (the Iron Curtain Speech), at Westminster College in
Fulton, Missouri on March 5, 1946 .
http://www.historyguide.org/europe/churchill.html
Document 1
1.
How does Mao Zedong describe the peasants?
2.
From the reading, who does Mao Zedong categorize as enemies of the peasants? WHY?
DOCUMENT 2
3.
Based on the document, how does the writer feel about Mao Tse-Tung?
4.
According to the document, how is the “red guard” contributing to change?
Document 3
5.
Which country does President Truman wish to assist and why?
6.
According to Truman, What is at risk by not helping this country?
Document 4
7.
According to the Soviet Spokesman, what is the real aim of the Marshall Plan?
8.
Do you agree with the Soviet Spokesman's accusations towards the U.S.? Why or Why not?
Document 5
9.
What does Churchill mean by an “iron curtain”?
10.
How does Churchill describe communism?