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AP U.S. History - Unit VII Study Guide
Civil War and Reconstruction
Pages 434 – 452 Political structures and mobilization for the Civil War
Vocabulary: Fort Sumter, Border States, King Wheat, King Corn, Trent Affair, Alabama, Laird Rams,
Maximilian, Jefferson Davis, Edwin Stanton, writ of habeas corpus, “Three-hundred Dollar Men”, Draft
Riots, Conscription, Morrill Tariff Act, Greenbacks, National Banking System, “government girls”, Dr.
Elizabeth Blackwell, Clara Barton,
Questions:
1. What geographic, political and economic factors made secession of the South from the Union
infeasible?
2. What impact did the firing on Ft. Sumter have on both the North and South?
3. What political and military reasons did Lincoln have for declaring the war an effort to save the
union instead of the moral reason of freeing the blacks?
4. Why did the Five Civilized Tribes ally with the Confederacy?
5. Create a T-Chart that compares the relative strengths between the two sides in regards to Military
Commanders, Railroad mileage, Industrial production, population (both white and black), Farm
production (food – wheat and corn), Military preparedness, Navy and Shipping.
6. Why was the Confederacy unable to use King Cotton to lure foreign support during the Civil War?
7. What events created tension between the U.S. and England and how did Lincoln successfully deal
with these tensions?
8. What Constitutionally questionable moves did Lincoln take to secure the Border States from
joining the Confederacy?
9. What legislation was passed to allow the Federal government to financially conduct the war?
10. How did the war lead to an economic boom for the North? What new and old industries grew as a
result of the war?
11. What role did women play on both sides in the Civil War?
Pages 453-469
Military and Political Turning Points of the War
Vocabulary: First Bull Run (Manasas), George McClellan, Peninsula Campaign, Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson, Robert E. Lee, Jeb Stuart, Anaconda Plan, Naval Blockade, Merrimac, Monitor, Antietam,
Emancipation Proclamation, Horace Greeley, “Intelligent Contraband”, 54th Massachusetts, Gettysburg,
George Meade, Pickett’s Charge, Gettysburg Address, Ulysses S. Grant, Shiloh, David Farragut,
Vicksburg, William T. Sherman, “March to the Sea”
Questions:
1. What lessons were learned by both sides from the first Battle of Bull Run?
2. What personality traits of George McClellen prepared him to be a good military leader? Why was
he unsuccessful in defeating Lee?
3. What was the military significance of the naval battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac?
4. What were the military and political impacts of the Union victory at Antietam?
5. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change nature of the war?
6. Why did some Abolitionist critics of Lincoln claim the Emancipation did not free a single slave?
7. To what extent did Blacks contribute to the Northern war effort? How did they hinder the
Southern war effort?
8. In what way was Gettysburg the military and political turning point in the Civil War?
9. How did Grant’s victories in the West (Mississippi Valley, Tennessee Valley) contribute to the
overall Northern strategy of winning the war?
10. How did Sherman’s “scorched earth” policy in Georgia ultimately shorten the war and save lives?
Pages 469 – 478
Military and Political Turning Points of the War
Vocabulary: Salmon Chase, Radical Republicans, Copperheads, Clement L. Vallandigham, Union Party,
Andrew Johnson, Richmond, Appamattox Court House, John Wilkes Booth.
Questions:
1. Describe the three types of Democrats that existed during the Civil War.
2. What political alliance did the Republicans establish to secure the presidential election in 1864?
3. What military strategy and advantages did Grant have over Lee in the last year of the Civil War?
4. How did Lincoln’s assassination result in a calamity for Southerners?
5. What economic, political and social impacts did the war have on America (see p. 478)
Pages 479-493
Reconstruction and its effect on the South
Vocabulary: Freedmen, African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), Freedmen’s Bureau, 10 Percent
Plan, Wade-Davis Bill, Black Codes, Sharecropping, 13th – 14th – 15th Amendments, Military
Reconstruction.
Questions:
1. Describe the economic, agricultural and social devastation to the South at the end of the War.
2. Describe the reaction of blacks and whites in the South in the aftermath of emancipation.
3. What accomplishments did the Freedmen’s Bureau achieve during Reconstruction?
4. Use a T-Chart to contrast the differences between Congressional Reconstruction and
Lincoln/Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction.
5. How did Black Codes and sharecropping create a political and economic system during the post
Civil War period that resembled the Antebellum South?
6. What was lacking from the 14th Amendment that upset many women’s rights leaders?
7. What were the political and social goals of the Republican Party in regards to Reconstruction?
Pages 493-501, 510-513
Evaluation Reconstruction and the Social/Political changes in the South
Vocabulary: Union League, carpet baggers, scalawags, Ku Klux Klan, Force Acts, Tenure of Office Act,
Johnson’s Impeachment, Thaddeus Stevens, Seward’s Folly, Rutherford Hayes, Samuel Tilden,
Compromise of 1877, Civil Rights Act of 1877, Civil Rights Cases (1883), Redeemers, Jim Crow Laws,
literacy requirements, Poll Taxes, Plessy v. Ferguson, lynching.
Questions:
1. To what extent did blacks participate in Southern politics during Reconstruction?
2. What were the successes and failures of the state legislatures run by the newly enfranchised blacks
and white Republicans during the early Reconstruction period?
3. In what way was Johnson’s acquittal a “victory” for the Constitutional principle of Separation of
Powers and Checks and Balances?
4. What long and short term impacts did Reconstruction have on race relations, and racial equality in
the South?
5. How did the contested Election of 1876 eventually lead to the end of Military Reconstruction and
abandonment of black rights?
6. How did the return of the “Redeemer” governments lead to the establishment of white supremacy
in the South?