Download Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages

Mr. Morrison
AP Euro
Midterm: AP European History
Ch. 9 The Late Middle Ages
1. Which social group suffered the greatest decline in power as a result of the plague?
a. noble landholders
b. urban elites
c. peasants
d. clergy
e. artisans
2. In the mid-fourteenth century, France had:
a. about the same population of England but was much poorer.
b. twice the population of England but was much poorer.
c. half the population of England.
d. a smaller army than England but was much richer.
e. three times the population of England and was much richer.
3. The French Estates General was a representative council of:
a. townspeople, clergy, and nobles.
b. landowners.
c. high clergy and royal officials.
d. lawyers and advocates.
e. nobles and their allies.
4. Joan of Arc gave the French:
a. a sense of national identity and destiny.
b. a skilled military leader.
c. new allies within the church.
d. hope, but no immediate success.
e. access to a vast peasant army.
5. The establishment of two competing popes in 1378 is known as the:
a. Babylonian Captivity.
b. Conciliar Controversy.
c. Division of Christendom.
d. Great Schism.
e. Malbourg Divide.
6. Advocates of conciliar theory sought to create a church in which:
a. lawyers played a central role.
b. a representative council regulated the actions of the pope.
c. each nation-state had its own church.
d. the pope was the head of a council that served at his discretion.
e. men and women had equal status.
Ch. 10: The Renaissance and Discovery
7. Which country took the lead in exploration in the fifteenth century?
a. Portugal
b. Spain
c. England
d. France
e. Austria
8. Renaissance society first took on its distinctive shape in the:
a. large towns of England and Scotland.
b. city-states of southern France.
c. papal states.
d. principalities of northern Germany.
e. merchant cities of Italy.
9. Florentine humanist culture:
a. never spread far from Tuscany.
b. spread throughout Italy and into northern Europe.
c. emphasized collective religious values.
d. rejected Roman literature.
e. rejected Greek literature.
10. Humanists believed that education should:
a. promote individual virtue.
b. promote public service.
c. promote individual virtue and public service.
d. be available to both men and women.
e. be available to people of all social classes.
11. Compared to Italian humanists, northern humanists were more devoted to ______ reforms.
a. political
b. social
c. intellectual
d. religious
e. linguistic
12. Which of the following conditions was most responsible for the extraordinary cultural
developments that occurred in Italy during the Renaissance?
a. a lack of European conflicts
b. a unified country
c. a lack of conflicts among city-states
d. an abundance of wealth
e. politically conservative, despotic rulers
13. Which of the following is most accurate?
A. Renaissance Europe was a feudal society with an agricultural economy and domination
by the church whereas Medieval Europe was characterized by a growing national
consciousness and political centralization.
B. Medieval Europe was a feudal society with an agricultural economy and domination by
the church whereas Renaissance Europe was characterized by a growing national
consciousness and political centralization.
C. Renaissance Europe was a feudal society with an agricultural economy and domination
by the church whereas Medieval Europe was characterized by an urban economy based
on organized commerce and capitalism.
D. Medieval and Renaissance Europe were both feudal societies that focused on an urban
economy and organized crime.
Test: Ch. 11 The Age of Reformation
14. Protestants were more likely than Catholics to
A. advocate religious tolerance
B. permit premarital sex
C. permit divorce
D. advocate religious violence
E. advocate gender equality
15. Pope Leo X’s Jubilee Indulgence was meant to raise funds to
A. assemble an army to defend the papal states
B. combat the Reformation
C. launch a new crusade
D. rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome
E. increase pay for clergy
16. Ignatius of Loyola was the founder of the
A. Brotherhood of Christ
C. Quakers
E. Jesuits
B. Dominicans
D. Franciscans
17. Reform efforts of the Council of Trent included all of the following EXCEPT
A. several doctrinal concessions to the reformers
B. creation of new seminaries
C. reform of the office of bishop
D. machinery to control the morality of churchmen
E. steps to curtail the selling of church offices
18. The Reformation broke out first in
A. the prosperous ports of Holland
B. London and other important English cities
C. the French countryside
D. Austria
E. the free imperial cities of Germany and Switzerland
19. The medieval church taught that salvation was the result of
A. good works
B. faith
C. faith and good works
D. church attendance
20. Luther believed in all of the following EXCEPT
A. salvation by faith alone
B. the priesthood of all believers
C. the sovereign authority of scripture
D. the unimportance of good works
E. the need for social and political hierarchy
Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars
21. Which of the following rulers is an example of a politique?
a. Mary I
b. Elizabeth I
c. Philip II
d. Oliver Cromwell
e. Charles I
22. The Treaty of Nantes:
a. gave Huguenots qualified religious freedoms.
b. estalished universal religious toleration in France.
c. settled the border between France and Spain.
d. ended French involvement in northern Italy.
e. brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire.
23. The Elizabethan religious settlement between Protestants and Catholics that created
the Anglican Church can be described as all of the following EXCEPT:
a. an example of Elizabeth’s political ability.
b. a political-religious compromise.
c. a victory of moderate Protestantism.
d. a policy that promoted political stability.
e. a reflection of Elizabeth’s own radical Protestant beliefs.
24. The Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre was an attack on:
a. Parisian elites.
b. German peasants.
c. French Huguenots.
d. Dutch merchants.
e. Italian laborers
25. The Spanish invasion fleet the sailed on England in 1588 was known as the:
A. Conquesta.
B. Armada.
C. Flotilla.
D. Divine Wind.
E. Spirit of Vengeance.
26. After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, ________ emerged as Europe’s dominant country:
A. Spain
B. France
C. England
D. the Holy Roman Empire
E. the Netherlands
Ch. 13 European State Consolidation in the 17th and 18th Centuries
27. Many of Peter the Great’s most important policies aimed at:
a. reintroducing traditional Russian culture.
b.making peace with all of Russia’s neighbors.
c. reducing the role of the military in Russian life.
d.increasing the power of the Russian Orthodox Church.
e. limiting the power of the traditional Russian nobility.
28. The seven provinces that became the United Provinces of the Netherlands emerged as a
nation in 1572 after revolting against this nation:
A. France
B. Spain
C. England
D. Germany
E. Belgium
29. Which of the following aspects of Dutch society most impressed 17th-century contempories?
A. scientific breakthroughs
B. social advancement
C. religious beliefs
D. economic prosperity
E. cultural contributions
30. What were the two most important models of European political development in the early
modern period?
A. military despotism and democratic socialism
B. democratic socialism and parliamentary monarchy
C. monarchy and socialism
D. parliamentary monarchy and political absolutism
E. democracy and authoritarianism
31. During the reign of James I and Charles I, the British Parliament met:
A. annually
B. continuously
C. only when convened by the monarch
D. twice a year
E. when called into session by the Speaker
32. Which of the following events occurred directly after the Glorious Revolution?
A. Charles I executed
B. William and Mary were proclaimed English monarchs
C. George II became king of Great Britain
D. The Secret Treaty of Dover was signed between France and England
E. James II was executed
33. St. Petersburg:
A. was built on the Gulf of Sweden
B. exemplified Russia’s new orientation to the West
C. was completed in 1709, but not inhabited until Russia defeated Sweden
D. was given that name by Lenin after the 1917 Russian Revolution
34. Who became the Lord Protector of England and signed the execution order for Charles I?
A. James II
B. Henry IV
C. Oliver Cromwell
D. Louis XIV
35. Under which of the following rulers did the English Parliament gain more power?
A. James I
B. Charles I
C. James II
D. William and Mary
36. All of the following statements are true about the rule of Louis XIV EXCEPT:
A. absolute monarch, but did consult the parlements during his reign for their support
B. built a great palace of Versailles as his center of French government
C. believed that the king should answer and be judged by the people of France
D. believed that only God had the ability to judge the king
Ch. 14: The Scientific Revolution
37. Which of the following figures played a key role in the popularization of the Copernican
system?
A. Newton
B. Bacon
C. Locke
D. Kepler
E. Galileo
38. In Thomas Hobbes’ view, man was
a. a person neither good nor evil
c. essentially God-fearing
b. a self-centered beast
d. not the creator of human society
39. Most proponents of the new science sought to explain the natural world through
A. the lens of Christian revelation B. mechanical metaphors
C. metaphysical concepts
D. religious analogies
E. Aristotelian logic
40. In the fifteenth century, the standard explanation of the arrangement of the heavens
combined the work of Ptolemy and
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Roger Bacon
D. Plutarch
41. Descartes divided existing things into two categories, mind and
A. body
B. God
C. metaphor
D. modality E. mindlessness
42. The accomplishments that most captured the public imagination during the Scientific
Revolution occurred in the area of
A. chemistry
B. astronomy
C. biology
D. medicine
43. Empiricism is the belief that
A. experience, especially of the senses, is the best source of knowledge
B. all truth exists in the mind
C. truth, as such, does not exist
D. rational reflection on idealized forms is the best source of knowledge
E. reason can reveal all natural truths
Ch. 16: Aristocracy, Peasants, and Family Structure
44. The smallest, wealthiest, and best-defined aristocracy resided in:
a. Germany
b. France
d. Russia
e.Great Britain
c. Spain
45. The term “Old Regime” has come to refer to:
A. the gradual transition of Europe’s monarchies to that of democracies and republics
B. the economic policies that existed across Europe before the 18th-century Industrial
Revolution
C. the social, political, and economic relationships that were prevalent in Europe before the
French Revolution
D. the social and political infrastructure that existed before the Protestant Reformation
E. the system of taxation employed by most of Europe’s monarchs prior to 1848.
46. Eighteenth century Europeans enjoyed
A. civil rights
B. individual rights
D. personal property rights
E. universal rights
C. group rights
47. In 18th-century Europe, the nobility consisted of approximately
A. one to five percent of the population
B. five to ten percent of the population
C. ten to fifteen percent of the population D. fifteen to twenty percent of the population
48. The economic basis of eighteenth-century life was:
a. regional trade
b. international trade
d. manufacturing
e. heavy industry
c. the land
49. As one moved farther eastward in Europe in the eighteenth century, there was increasing
likelihood of finding:
a. rotten boroughs.
b. serfdom.
c. prominent intellectuals.
d. larger navies.
e. early evidence of industrialization.
50. In pre-industrial Europe, the economy of a household that developed on farms, in artisans’
workshops, and in small merchants’ shops, and was known as the
A. household economy
B. domestic economy
C. family economy
D. merchant economy
E. private economy
51. The Industrial Revolution came first to:
A. France
B. Great Britain
D. the Netherlands
E. Austria
52. Sumptuary laws
A. regulated regional trade
C. established guidelines for midwives
C. Prussia
B. barred women from certain professions
D. regulated the dress of social classes
53. Widespread industrialization occurred first in the ____________ industry.
A. textile
B. iron
C. chemical
D. wine
E. glass
54. The key invention that allowed industrialization to spread from one area of production to
another was the
A. spinning jenny
B. water frame
C. steam engine
D. cotton gin
E. flying shuttle
55. Which of the following regions saw the most dramatic population growth between 1600 and
1750?
A. capitals and medieval industrial cities
B. medieval industrial cities and landlocked trading centers
C. landlocked trading centers and capitals
D. ports and capitals
E. ports and medieval industrial cities
Ch. 17 The Transatlantic Economy
56. The heart of eighteenth-century French-British rivalries in the Americas was:
a. Newfoundland
b. the West Indies
c. Quebec
d. the Mississippi River Valley
e. the mid-Atlantic region
57. Thomas Paine is most famous for having written:
a. The Rights of Free Men
b. A Response to the Intolerable Acts
c. Common Sense
d. An Almanac for Americans
e. The Republican
58. Except for Brazil and Dutch Guiana, mainland South America was controlled by:
a. Portugal
b. France
c. Great Britain
d. private landowners
e. Spain
59. The major sources for slaves bound for the Americas were:
a. the slave markets of the Ottoman Empire
b. along the Mediterranean coast
c. the slave markets of West Africa
d. in northern Africa
e. in east Africa
60. Mercantilists believed that a home country and its colonies should:
a. have little contact
b. concentrate on developing the military potential of the colony
c. should work toward the eventual independence of the colony
d. develop separate economic systems
e. trade exclusively with each other
61. The profitable production of sugar was dependent on:
a. subsidies from European powers
b. slave labor
c. a concerted effort to stimulate demand for sugar in Europe
d. a steady flow of indentured servants from Europe
e. new agricultural technologies
Ch. 18 The Enlightenment
62. The most important intellectual forerunners of the Enlightenment included:
a. Bacon and Galileo
b. Newton and Galileo
c. Newton and Locke
d. Descartes and Bacon
e. Copernicus and Galileo
63. Locke believed that human beings entered the world a tabula rasa, or:
a. moral being
b. spiritual being
c. free soul
d. fixed piece
e. blank page
64. Many philosophes believed in a “rational” version of religion known as:
a. scientific Christianity
b. deism
c. agnosticism
d. anti-mysticism
e. rational spirituality
65. The Social Contract is one of the best known works of:
a. Spinoza
b. Rousseau
c. Voltaire
d. Diderot
e. Montesquieu
66. Rococo architecture and decoration originated in:
a.
eighteenth-century Italy
b.
sixteenth-century Spain
c.
late seventeenth-century Britain
d.
early eighteenth-century France
e.
fifteenth-century Italy
67. The popularity of travel to Rome contributed to the rise of:
a. Neoclassicism
b. Rococo
c. Realism
d. Romanticism
e. Idealism
68. Most philosophes favored:
a. democracy
b. monarchy
c. oligarchy
d. anarchy
e. dictatorship
69. The Encyclopedie
A. Secularized learning and spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe
B. Sold about 1,200 copies
C. Received official support
D. Was written entirely by Diderot and Alembert
E. Was written in 1750, but not published until 1789
70. Adam Smith advocated
A. A large role for government in the economy
B. The ending of Britain’s mercantile system
C. The elimination of England’s navy and army
D. That government take no part in the economy
E. An end to all taxes
Ch. 19 The French Revolution
71. Representatives to the Estates General brought cahiers de doléances, or:
a. proofs of legitimacy
b. lists of grievances
c. invitations from the king
d. tokens of respect for the monarchy
72. The Third Estate’s commitment to voting by head was formalized by the:
a. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
b. Jacobin Oath
c. Tennis Court Oath
d. Statement of Beliefs
e. Universal Declaration of Equality
73. Émigrés were:
a.
French aristocrats who refused to leave France
b.
revolutionary agents who left France
c.
non-French revolutionary activists
d.
revolutionaries who joined the cause after 1791
e.
French aristocrats who left France
74. The most famous political club to emerge from the Estates General was the:
a. Jacobins
b. Liberals
c. Sans-Culottes
d. Committee on Public Safety
e. Brotherhood of Paris
75. The Thermidorian Reaction brought an end to:
a. the French Revolution
b. moderate influences in the revolutionary government
c. France’s wars with its European neighbors
d. Louis XIV’s efforts at reform
e. the Reign of Terror
76. At the heart of the French monarchy’s problems in the eighteenth century was:
a. a split with the Catholic church
b. a series of conflicts with Spain and Austria
c. a series of failed colonial ventures
d. a deep ideological divide in the country
e. the government’s insufficient income
77. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens established all of the following EXCEPT:
a. proportional taxation
b. equality before the law
c. equality of access to public office
d. legal equality of men and women
e. presumption of innocence until proof of guilt
Ch. 20 The Age of Napoleon and Romanticism
78. The Continental System was designed to:
a. funnel taxes from conquered territories back to France
b. establish French political control of Europe
c. cut off British trade with the rest of Europe
d. establish supply lines for Napoleon’s far-flung forces
e. provoke France into a trade war with the Dutch
79. The Organic Articles of 1802 established
a. the supremacy of church over state
b. the church’s right to confiscated property
c. that the church would pay the salaries of the clergy
d. the supremacy of state over church
80. Napoleon established the rule of one man in France called the First:
a. emperor
b. ruler
c. consul
d. director