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WORLD WAR II TERMS
Introduction slides
1. THEATERS OF WAR, MAIN AREAS WHERE WW II WAS FOUGHT, EUROPE, NORTH AFRICA, ASIA,
PACIFIC ISLANDS
2. ALLIES, NATIONS THAT FOUGHT WITH THE U.S. AGAINST THE AXIS
Europe at War Slides 7-57
3. MUSSOLINI: FASCIST DICTATOR OF ITALY FROM EARLY 1920’S UNTIL HE WAS KILLED BY HIS
OWN PEOPLE IN 1945
4. HITLER: NAZI LEADER OF GERMANY FROM 1933 TO 1945, RESPONSIBLE FOR WWII AND THE
DEATH OF 50 MILLION PEOPLE
5. AXIS: ALLIANCE BETWEEN ITALY AND GERMANY IN 1936
6. ROME-BERLIN-TOKYO AXIS: 1940 ALLIANCE BETWEEN ITALY, GERMANY, JAPAN
7. SEPTEMBER 1, 1939: HITLER INVADES POLAND, HE BELIEVED ENGLAND AND FRANCE WOULD DO
NOTHING
8. SEPTEMBER 3, 1939: ENGLAND AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY, WWII
9. BLITZKRIEG: GERMAN WAR WHICH MEANS LIGHTNING WAR, NEW TYPE OF ATTACK THAT USES
AIRPLANES, TANKS, RADIOS AND FAST MOVING INFANTRY TO ENCIRCLE, TRAP, AND DESTROY
ENEMY ARMIES
10. STUKA: NAME FOR A GERMAN DIVE BOMBER, FLYING ARTILLERY, USED TO ATTACK GROUND
TARGETS
11. TANKS: ARMORED VEHICLES THAT CARRY ARTILLERY AND MACHINE GUNS
12. FIGHTER PLANE: FAST SINGLE ENGINE AIRCRAFT USED TO SHOOT DOWN ENEMY BOMBERS AND
FIGHTERS
13. BOMBERS: LARGE TWO OR FOUR ENGINE PLANES USED TO BOMB GROUND TARGETS
14. MAY 1940: GERMANY CONQUERS DENMARK, NORWAY, NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM AND
LUXEMBOURG
15. MAGINOT LINE: LARGE UNDERGROUND FORTS FRANCE BUILT TO PROTECT ITSELF FROM
GERMANY, THE GERMANS WENT AROUND THEM AND THEY PROVED USELESS
16. SITZKRIEG: GERMAN WORD FOR “PHONY WAR” PERIOD OF WW II FROM THE FALL OF POLAND IN
SEPT 1939 TO THE INVASION OF WESTERN EUROPE IN MAY 1940
17. INVASION OF FRANCE: GERMANY QUICKLY DESTROYED FRENCH ARMIES IN A SURPRISE ATTACK
THROUGH THE ARDENNES FOREST IN 1940
18. DUNKIRK: FRENCH SEAPORT WHERE THE ENGLISH ARMIES ESCAPED THE GERMANS AND WERE
TAKEN BACK TO ENGLAND IN JUNE 1940
19. JUNE 22, 1940: FRANCE SURRENDERED TO GERMANY
20.VICHY FRANCE: PART OF FRANCE THAT HITLER LET THE FRENCH RULE UNTIL 1942
21. PETAIN: FRENCH GENERAL WHO BECAME THE LEADER OF VICHY FRANCE AND COLLABORATED
WITH THE GERMANS, HE WAS A TRAITOR
22. FREE FRENCH: FRENCH WHO FLED TO ENGLAND AND SET UP RESISTANCE TO GERMANY
23. CHARLES DE GUALLE: LEADER OF THE FREE FRENCH WHO FOUGHT AGAINST GERMANY DURING
WW II
24. RESISTANCE: UNDERGROUND MOVEMENT THAT CARRIED OUT SECRET MISSIONS AGAINST
GERMANS IN OCCUPIED FRANCE
25. UNDERGROUND: SECRET, GENERALLY ILLEGAL MOVEMENTS OR ORGANIZATIONS DETERMINED TO
OVERTHROW THE EXISTING GOVERNMENT
26. BATTLE OF BRITAIN: AIR BATTLE WHERE HITLER TRIED TO DESTROY THE BRITISH AIR FORCE
BEFORE INVADING BRITAIN, HE WAS DEFEATED BY THE RAF
27. LUFTWAFFE: NAME FOR THE GERMAN AIR FORCE
28. RAF: ROYAL AIR FORCE, BRITISH AIR FORCE
29. BLITZ: NAME FOR GERMAN BOMBING RAIDS ON ENGLISH CITIES FROM 1940 TO 1941
30. WINSTON CHURCHILL: BRITISH PRIME MINISTER DURING WWII
Battle of Atlantic, Slides 58-66
31. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT (FDR): U.S. PRESIDENT FROM 1932-1945,
32. LEND LEASE: U.S. WOULD GIVE ENGLAND FOOD AND WAR EQUIPMENT THEY DID NOT HAVE TO
PAY FOR
33. ATLANTIC CHARTER: AGREEMENT BETWEEN CHURCHILL (GB) AND FDR (U.S.) ON THE GOALS OF
WW II
34. U-BOAT WAR/BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC: 1940-1944, CRITICAL BATTLE TO STOP GERMAN SUBS
FROM SINKING ALLIED SHIPS BRINGING SUPPLIES AND SOLDIERS TO EUROPE
Eastern Front, Slides 67-100
35. TWO FRONT WAR (I): HITLER HOPED TO AVOID THE MISTAKES OF WWI WHERE GERMANY HAD TO
FIGHT IN BOTH THE EAST AND WEST
36. STALIN (I): COMMUNIST DICTATOR OF USSR THAT SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH HITLER IN
1939, FREEING HITLER TO ATTACK POLAND
37. NONAGGRESSION PACT: 1939 AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE USSR AND GERMANY PROMISING THEY
WOULD NOT GO TO WAR WITH EACH OTHER
38. JUNE 22, 1941: HITLER INVADES THE SOVIET UNION
39. OPERATION BARBAROSSA: HITLER CODE NAME FOR HIS INVASION OF THE USSR IN 1941
40. TWO FRONT WAR (II): IT MEANS FIGHTING IN TWO DIFFERENT PLACES, HITLER INVASION OF
USSR MEANT HE HAD TO FIGHT IN THE WEST AND EAST
41. STALIN (II): COMMUNIST DICTATOR OF THE USSR WHO WAS NOT PREPARED FOR THE GERMAN
INVASION IN 1941
42. STALINGRAD: CITY IN USSR WHERE THE GERMANS SUFFERED THEIR FIRST MAJOR DEFEAT
DURING WW II
43. KURSK: TOWN IN THE USSR WHERE IN JULY 1943 THE GERMAN ARMY WAS DEFEATED AND
BEGAN A RETREAT THAT ENDED IN GERMANY’S DEFEAT
America Attacked Slides 101-131
44. JAPANESE EXPANSION: JAPAN WAS TAKING OVER LANDS IN CHINA, AND SOUTH EAST ASIA
ANGERING THE U.S.
45. EMBARGO: A RESTRICTION OF TRADE, ONE NATION STOPS TRADING WITH ANOTHER NATION
46. EXPORTING: IN 1940 THE U.S. STOPPED SELLING JAPAN GASOLINE AND METAL TO HURT THEIR
ECONOMY AND STOP THEIR EXPANSION
47. DEC. 7, 1941: JAPAN LAUNCHED A SNEAK ATTACK ON U.S. MILITARY BASES AT PEARL HARBOR
HAWAII WITHOUT DECLARING WAR
48. DAY OF INFAMY: WHAT FDR CALLED THE JAPANESE SNEAK ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR
49. DECEMBER 11, 1941: GERMANY AND ITALY DECLARED WAR ON THE U.S.
50. JAPANS 1941-42 CONQUESTS: WAKE AND GUAM ISLANDS, PHILIPPINES, DUTCH EAST INDIES,
HONG KONG, MALAYA
51. CORAL SEA: AIRCRAFT CARRIER BATTLE WHERE U.S. STOPPED A PLANNED JAPANESE INVASION
OF NEW GUINEA, FIRST BATTLE WHERE NAVIES FOUGHT WITHOUT SHIPS SEEING EACH OTHER
52. MIDWAY: AIRCRAFT CARRIER BATTLE WHEREIN JUNE OF 1942 USING SECRET INFORMATION
GOTTEN FROM BREAKING THE JAPANESE MILITARY CODE, U.S. CARRIERS SUNK FOUR JAPANESE
CARRIERS AND TURNED THE TIDE OF BATTLE
53. AIRCRAFT CARRIERS: LARGE FAST MOVING WARSHIPS THAT LAUNCH PLANES TO BOMB ENEMY
LAND AND SEA TARGETS
North Africa, Italy, Sicily Slides 132-138
54. DESERT FOX: NICKNAME FOR GERMAN GENERAL ROMMEL WHO HAD EARLY SUCCESSES IN NORTH
AFRICA IN 1941 -1942
55. BERNARD MONTGOMERY: BRITISH GENERAL WHO STOPPED ROMMEL IN NORTH AFRICA AND THEN
HELPED DEFEAT HIM
56. OPERATION TORCH: AMERICAN INVASION OF NORTH AFRICA IN 1942 THAT DESTROYED THE
GERMAN ARMIES AND FREED NORTH AFRICA
57. SICILY AND ITALIAN INVASIONS: ALLIES INVADED SICILY AND ITALY WAS NEVER CLEARED OF
GERMANS, 1943-1945
58. GENERAL EISENHOWER: AMERICAN SUPREME COMMANDER OF ALL ALLIED FORCES DURING WW
II, LATER PRESIDENT OF U.S.
AMERICA GOES ON OFFENSIVE SLIDES 139-148
59. GUADALCANAL: ISLAND IN THE SOLOMON’S WHERE THE U.S. BEGAN THEIR COUNTERATTACK
AGAINST JAPAN IN AUGUST 1942
60. DOUGLAS MACARTHUR: AMERICAN GENERAL WHO COMMANDED IN THE PACIFIC AREA
U.S. Homefront Slides 149-168
61. MOBILIZING THE ECONOMY: WWII PUT AN END TO THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE AMERICAN
ECONOMY BOOMED, THE GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP) WENT FROM 91 BILLION IN 1939 TO
212 BILLION IN 1945.
62. UNEMPLOYMENT: THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHOUT A JOB; WENT FROM 8 MILLION IN 1940 TO
670,000 IN 1944
63. WAR PRODUCTION BOARD: IT ORGANIZED THE SHIFT OF THE ECONOMY TO WAR TIME
PRODUCTION
64. PAYING FOR THE WAR: 40% CAME FROM TAXES, THE REST CAME FROM WAR BONDS AND
BORROWING
65. RATIONING: TO HOLD DOWN PRICES AND MANAGE SHORTAGES, ISSUING COUPONS TO LIMIT
HOW MUCH OF A PRODUCT A PERSON COULD BUY
66. WOMEN: 18 MILLION WOMEN WORKED IN WAR RELATED INDUSTRIES
67. AFRICAN AMERICANS: THE NEED FOR WORKERS AND SOLDIERS OPENED OPPORTUNITIES FOR
BLACKS
68. EXECUTIVE ORDER 8802: PROHIBITED DISCRIMINATION IN WAR INDUSTRIES BUT NOT IN THE
ARMED FORCES
69. RACE RIOTS: IN THE SUMMER OF 1943 THERE WERE APPROX. 250 RACIAL CONFLICTS ACROSS
THE U.S., THE WORST WAS IN DETROIT WHERE 26 BLACKS AND 9 WHITES WERE KILLED
70. INTERNMENT CAMPS: FEAR AND RACISM FORCED 110,000 PEOPLE OF JAPANESE DESCENT,
CITIZENS AND NON-CITIZENS, INTO INTERNMENT CAMPS FROM 1942-1945
D-DAY TO SURRENDER SLIDES 169-212
71. HOLOCAUST: HITLER HATRED OF JEWS LED TO THE MURDER OF 6 MILLION MEN WOMEN AND
CHILDREN IN DEATH CAMPS DURING WW II
72. MASTER RACE: WHAT HITLER AND THE GERMANS SAW THEMSELVES AS, THEY WERE BETTER
THAN ANY OTHER PEOPLE WHO THEY SAW AS INFERIOR
73. SLAVE LABOR: MILLIONS OF EUROPEANS AND JEWS WERE FORCED TO WORK WITHOUT PAY
UNTIL THEY DIED OF STARVATION, OVERWORK, OR WERE MURDERED
74. ANTI-SEMITES: PEOPLE WHO HATE JEWS
75. OSCAR SCHINDLER: A GERMAN BUSINESSMAN WHO SAVED THOUSANDS JEWS IN GERMANY
DURING WW II
76. RAOUL WALLENBERG: SWEDISH DIPLOMAT WHO SAVED THOUSANDS OF JEWS
77. STRATEGIC BOMBING, ALLIED AIRFORCE CAMPAIGN TO DESTROY AXIS INDUSTRY,
COMMUNICATIONS, AND CITIES
78. D-DAY: JUNE 6, 1944, DAY THE ALLIES INVADED GERMAN OCCUPIED
79. BATTLE OF THE BULGE: LAST GERMAN COUNTERATTACK ON THE WESTERN FRONT, IT FAILED,
DECEMBER 1944
80. MAY 8, 1945: VE DAY, DAY THE ALLIES WON THE WAR AGAINST HITLER
81. TRUMAN: FDR’S VICE PRESIDENT WHO BECAME PRESIDENT AFTER FDR DIED ON APRIL 12, 1945
Decision to Drop A-bomb Slides 212-234
82. OKINAWA: ISLAND CLOSE TO JAPAN THAT WAS CAPTURED AFTER A HORRIBLE BATTLE IN JUNE
1945
83. ONE MILLION: ESTIMATE OF THE NUMBER OF AMERICAN CASUALTIES IF WE HAD TO INVADE
JAPAN.
84. ATOMIC BOMB: A NEW TYPE OF BOMB DEVELOPED AT THE END OF WW II THAT WAS THOUSANDS
OF TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN ANY OTHER BOMB.
85. HIROSHIMA: TRUMAN ORDERED THE ATOMIC BOMB TO BE DROPPED ON THIS JAPANESE CITY TO
END THE WAR QUICKLY, 160,000 PEOPLE WERE KILLED OR WOUNDED FROM ONE BOMB, AUG 6
1945
86. NAGASAKI: WHEN JAPAN REFUSED TO SURRENDER AFTER THE BOMBING OF HIROSHIMA A
SECOND ATOMIC BOMB WAS DROPPED ON THIS JAPANESE CITY ON AUGUST 9, 1945, JAPAN
SURRENDERED
87. V-J DAY: AUGUST 14, 1945, DAY THE JAPANESE SURRENDERED, ENDING WWII
88. HIROHITO, EMPEROR OF JAPAN WHO TOLD HIS PEOPLE TO SURRENDER, THEY HAD CONSIDERED
HIM A GOD ON EARTH
End of the War
89. BIG THREE, CHURCHILL (UK), STALIN (USSR), FDR (USA) LEADERS OF ALLIED NATIONS DURING
WWII
90. YALTA, MEETING OF BIG THREE IN RUSSIA IN FEB. 1945 TO MAKE PLANS TO END WAR AND
DISCUSS THE FUTURE OF EASTERN EUROPE
91. POTSDAM, MEETING OF ALLIED LEADERS IN JULY 1945 THAT DECIDED THE PEACE SETTLEMENT
FOR GERMANY AND HOW TO DEAL WITH JAPAN
92. UNITED NATIONS, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION SET UP AFTER WW II TO STOP FUTURE WARS
93. GENERAL ASSEMBLY U.N., EACH NATION HAS ONE VOTE, WHERE THE PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD
ARE BROUGHT, 2/3RD VOTE REQUIRED TO SEND UN TROOPS TO TROUBLE SPOTS
94. SECURITY COUNCIL, U.N.,15 MEMBERS, 5 PERMANENT MEMBERS, U.S., USSR, FRANCE, UK,
CHINA, MAIN JOB IS TO KEEP THE PEACE, CAN USE ARMED FORCES
95. VETO POWER, PERMANENT MEMBERS OF THE SECURITY CAN STOP ANY U.N. ACTIONS THEY DO
NOT LIKE
96. SECRETARY GENERAL, PERSON CHOSEN TO RUN THE U.N. FOR FIVE YEARS