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AP Biology
Guided Reading Chapter 27
1. What is the “Cambrian explosion”?
Why is it significant?
Name __________________________
2. Label the diagram to the right which
illustrates the evolution of animals
around the Cambrian explosion.
Circle the branch point that
represents the most recent
common ancestor of chordates and
annelids. Estimate the age of he
common ancestor.
3. Describe each of the following
animal body plans (make sure to
include all variations of each).
a. Symmetry
b. Tissue
c. Body Cavities
4. What are five conclusions zoologists have drawn based on the diversification of animals and
their phylogenetics?
5. Label the diagram to the right and describe
each of the four derived characteristics shared
by all chordates.
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6. Label the monophyletic
tree of the origin of limbs
with digits from fins. If the
most recent common
ancestor of Tulerpeton and
living tetrapods originated
370 million years ago, what
range of dates would
include the origin of
amphibians?
7. What are two traits that
allowed amniotes to thrive
on land (when compared to
their amphibian relatives)?
8. Add the four missing labels
to the diagram of the
amniotic egg. Briefly
describe each of the four
added features.
9. Why is it incorrect to say that humans evolved from chimpanzees?
10. What are the oldest known fossils of the genus, Homo? What are the oldest known fossils of
Homo sapiens?
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Video Review
Crash Course: (you can also do a video search for “Crash Course animal development”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_9MTZgAhv0&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF&index=16
1. Which organisms have 1 germ layer? Two germ layers? Three germ layers?
2. What is the morula?
3. What is the blastula?
4. What is radial symmetry? How is it different from bilateral symmetry
5. Explain gastrulation.
6. What is the difference between protostome and deuterostome?
7. What are the germ layers of diploblasts? What are the germ layers of triploblasts?
Crash Course: (you can also do a video search for “Crash Course evo devo”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sjwlxQ_6LI
1. What are homeoboxes? How does this relate to HOX genes?
2. Do HOX genes actually construct parts of the body? Explain.
3. What happened to the fruit fly with the mouse-eye inserted into it’s back leg?
4. How do we know that birds have genes for teeth?
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Bozeman: (you can also do a video search for “Bozeman science development”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa9uPnIeVKU
1. What is cell differentiation?
2. How do identical cells with identical DNA differentiate?
3. What is unique about a stem cell?
4. What is the role of transcription factors in cell differentiation?
5. What is the SRY gene?
6. Why is cell death an important part of development?
7. What are homeotic genes (HOX genes)?
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