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OUTLINE NOTES: INTROUDCTION TO CELLS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
The Cell
A. Def. it is the SMALLEST unit that one can carry on life processes.
B. Unicellular organism: made up of only ONE cell
Ex. PROKARYOTES and amoebas
C. Multicellular Organism: consists of MORE than ONE cell
Ex. PLANTS and animals
Discovery of the Cell
A. knowledge about the cell PROGRESSED as the advances in MICROSCOPE
technology also progressed.
B. First simple microscope invented in 1675 ( Anton van LEEUWENHOEK) Compound
LIGHT microscopes continued to improve  more POWERFUL MICROSCOPE and
more CELLS able to be viewed.
C. Robert Hooke in 1665 observed CORK under the microscope and called the boxes he
saw CELLS. He was actually observing CORK TREE cell walls magnified only 30
times.
D. Electron microscopes invented in 1928 using ELECTRONS instead of LIGHT passing
through an object—can only use DEAD cells. (Transmission Electron Microscope 1
MILLION stronger than light microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope can
produce REALISTIC images.
The Cell Theory
A. Mid 1800’s, 3 main ideas
1. All organisms are made of one or more CELLS.
2. A cell is the basic unit of STRUCTURE and FUNCTION in an organism. They
are the BASIC UNITS of organisms. (Schleiden and Schwann in 1860’s
confirmed both PLANTS and ANIMALS were composed of cells.)
3. All cells come from EXISTING cells.
Different Types of Cells
A. Each cell has a CELL MEMBRANE, CYTOPLASM, and RIBOSOMES DNA
adapted for its ORGANISM.
B. Examples of different types of human cells:
1.
TISSUE
164
ORGAN
164
ORGAN SYSTEM
165