Download chapter 4

CHAPTER 4
COMMUNITY ECOLOGY, POPULATION ECOLOGY, AND SUSTAINABILITY
THINKING
Objectives
1.
Distinguish among the following roles played by species and give one example of each: native species,
nonnative species, indicator species, keystone species. Explain why these labels are important.
2.
Distinguish among the following species interactions and give one example of each: interspecific
competition, predation, and symbiosis. Distinguish between interference competition and exploitation
competition. Summarize the competitive exclusion principle. List two strategies species use to reduce
competition.
3.
List two strategies that predators use to capture their prey. List at least five strategies that prey use to
defend themselves against predators.
4.
Distinguish among three forms of symbiotic relationships and give one example of each: parasitism,
mutualism, and commensalism.
5.
Define succession. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession. Describe how humans
affect communities.
6.
Distinguish among high-waste, matter-recycling, and low-waste economies. Describe the direction that
scientific principles steer us as we create more sustainable economies.