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LEARNING OBJECTIVES - EXAM 1 INTRODUCTION (1) 1 - Define the term biology and be familiar with the fields of study it encompasses. 2 - List, briefly explain and recognize examples of the following characteristics of life. a - levels of organization - subatomic particle, atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere b - metabolism c - homeostasis, individual adaptation and responsiveness to environment d - reproduction e - heredity f - evolution (adaptation of populations) g - selective chemistry (not in book) h - growth and development (not in book) i - interdependency 3 - Be familiar with the process of doing science (the scientific method). 4 - Be familiar with the limits of science and experimentation. 5 - Distinguish between science and non-science. (not in book) EVOLUTION (22) 1 – Distinguish between young earth creationism, intelligent design, and evolutionary biology. 2 – Describe the observations that led naturalists of the 18th century to develop alternatives to the theory of special creation. 3 – Define evolution. 4 – Describe the mechanisms of evolution. gene flow genetic drift mutation HB/F12 natural selection PAGE 1 5 – Describe the conditions that are necessary for natural selection to occur. 6 – Distinguish between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium, explaining how punctuated equilibrium was able to reconcile fossil record and geological climate records. 7 – Explain these evolutionary mechanisms: sexual selection, convergent evolution, coevolution and adaptive radiation. ECOSYSTEMS (23) 1 – Review the concept of autotroph vs heterotroph. 2 – Describe the flow of energy through a system (trophic level). 3 – Generally describe the cycling of nutrients through systems – biogeochemical cycles. 4 – More specifically describe carbon cycling. 5 – Know what the carbon reservoir is and relate it to the greenhouse effect. 6 - Describe island biogeography (area effect and distance effect) and how it relates to habitat fragmentation. 7 – Describe the process of succession. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession. What role do pioneer species play in which process? What is cyclic replacement? POPULATION ECOLOGY (24) 1 – Describe the effects of mortality, natality, immigration and emigration on population size. 2 – Define the term “biotic potential” and describe the characteristics of a population that determines biotic potential. 3 – Distinguish between logistic (exponential) and linear growth. 4 – Define the terms environmental resistance, carrying capacity, and limiting factors. 5 – Discuss the human population in population biology terms. HB/F12 PAGE 2