Download Characteristics of Living Things (Essay

Honors Bio
2012 Spring Final Study Guide
KMZ
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Scientific Method & Experimental Design
 Variables
 Sample size
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Controls
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Reading graphs
CHEMISTRY & BIOCHEMISTRY
2. Chemistry
 Atoms vs. Molecules vs. Compounds
 Differences between elements
 Significance of valence electrons?
Related to bonds? Why are bonds
important?
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Electronegativity
Properties of water: Adhesive,
Cohesive, Retains heat
Types of bonds: Covalent: polar vs.
non polar, Ionic, Hydrogen
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3. Inorganic compunds
 Examples. In general, what are they?
4. Organic Compounds: The important biochemical molecules & their elements.
 How do they relate to cellular functions?
 Nucleotides. Structure. What for? How related? How different?
 Proteins. Made of? Types. How do they relate to nucleic acids?
 Carbohydrates. A favorite? Elements? Ratios? Simple and complicated. What
required? Difference between starch, glycogen, cellulose.
 Lipids. Examples? Water soluble? Salad dressing.
5. Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis
 Where do they occur? What is
required? Why important?
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What factors affect these processes?
Relationship between the reactions?
CELLS AND DIFFERENTIATION
1. Types of Cells
 Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
 Plants vs. Animals
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2. Differential Gene Expression
 Central Dogma? What is this?
 How does a zygote become something
much, much more complicated?
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Cell Theory
Single vs. Multicellular
What is differential gene expression?
CELL DIVISION & GENETICS
1. Mitosis & Meiosis & the Cell Cycle
 Diploid vs. haploid
 Somatic vs. germ cell
 Importance of each process
 Stages. What happens? When?
 Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis
Honors Biology
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Variation and Meiosis. Why
important?
Compared to Prokaryotic cell division
2012 Spring Final Study Guide
KMZ
Honors Biology
Study Guide Spring Final 2012
KMZ
2. DNA in different forms
 DNA basic structure
 What is a gene?
 Centromere
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Homologous Chromosomes
Autosomes vs. Sex chromosomes
A karyotype
3. Mutations & Cancer & Aging
 Mutations: Good? Bad? Indifferent?
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Mutations: Caused by what?
4. Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
 Advantages & disadvantages to each.
5. Mendel & Genetics
 Monohybrid & dihybrid crosses
 Genotypes vs. Phenotypes
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Heterozygote vs. Homozygote
Sex linked genes?
EVOLUTION
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Why is variation in a population SO important?
The points of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?
Terms: Speciation & Species.
Relationship between traits and genes and DNA
Analogous vs. Homologous characteristics
Mechanisms for changing the frequency of alleles in populations? Remember genetic
drift, migration, mutation, natural selection, and sexual selection????
Do individuals evolve?
How do scientists think that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes?
A theory to explain the evolution of life as we know it? Where did all these cool
organic molecules come from?
ENERGY SOURCES
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Where does ENERGY come from?
The top 9 world sources: Biomass,
Coal, Geothermal, Hydro, Natural
Gas, Petroleum, Solar,
Uranium/Nuclear, Wind
o Renewable? How Accessed?
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o Benefits vs. Drawbacks?
What is sustainability?
Renewable vs. Reusable
What do you think is/are the best
ENERGY sources for use on our Planet?
Why?
OTHER
1. Characteristics of Living Things!!!
Resources:
 www.johnkyrk.com
 http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/Bi
ologyPages/
Honors Biology
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Study Guide Spring Final
Your Textbook!!!!!
The interweb
My teacher page at the Metro HS
site
KMZ