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EOCT Study
SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and
the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.
1. Describe the roles of producers, consumers and decomposers in the carbon
cycle.
2. Explain the roles of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the carbon
cycle.
3. Explain the goal of photosynthesis and respiration, sketching the relationship
between the two processes.
4. Sketch and explain the ADP-ATP cycle.
5. Compare and contrast the short-term and long-term carbon cycles.
6. Give an example of ways have humans negatively affected the carbon,
nitrogen and water cycles?
7. What is global warming?
8. List and explain the processes involved in the nitrogen cycle (use the terms
nitrification, ammonification, assimilation and denitrification).
9. What role do decomposers play in the nitrogen cycle?
10.
What role do nitrogen fixing bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?
11.
Compare and contrast the short-term and long-term phorphorus cycles.
12.
Make a sketch and describe what occurs in the water cycle using the
terms evaporation, transpiration, condensation and precipitation.
13.
Make a sketch and describe the role of plants in the water cycle using
the terms assimilation, photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration.
14.
Sketching a food chain as an example, describe how the sun is the
ultimate source of energy on earth for most terrestrial organisms.
15.
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
16.
Sketch and label an energy pyramid for your biome. Which trophic level
always contains the largest number of organisms and why is this necessary?
17.
Explain why the transfer of energy within a food chain not 100%.
18.
Why are there limits to the number of consumers in a food chain?
19.
Sketch an example of biological magnification showing the effects that
DDT has on all levels of the food chain.
20.
How is the energy that runs through a food chain the direct result of the
carbon cycle?
21.
What will happen to a food chain if the carbon cycle is interrupted?
22.
Define the term symbiosis.
23.
What is the difference between mutualism, commensalism and
parasitism? Give an example of each.
24.
Under what conditions will competition exist between organisms?
25.
What is the difference between interspecific and intraspecific
competition?
26.
In what ways do organisms cooperate with each other to ensure the
stability of their ecosystem?
27.
What is a niche? If two organisms occupy the same niche, what is their
relationship?
28.
Explain how birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration affect
population growth?
29.
Using the country, France, an example of a country with a culture that
has a very old structure, explain its population growth in the near future.
30.
Using the country Nigeria, an example of a country with a very young
population structure, explain its population growth in the near future.
31.
Explain the difference between biotic and abiotic factors giving three
examples of each.
32.
Explain how each of the following abiotic factors affects the balance of
an ecosystem: water, sunlight, salinity, pH, soil type, and temperature.
33.
Explain the difference between density dependent and density
independent limiting factors giving an example of each.
34.
Explain why density dependent and density independent limiting factors
are biotic or abiotic factors in general.
35.
Explain the process of primary and secondary succession using an
example of each.
36.
What determines whether primary or secondary succession is occurring?
37.
What is a pioneer species and what is its role in succession?
38.
Describe a climax community and give an example.
39.
Explain how plant adaptations, including tropisms, enhance their
abilities to survive stressful environmental conditions.
40.
Explain how animal adaptations, including behaviors, enhance their
abilities to survive stressful
41.
environmental conditions.
42.
How has the use of CFCs influenced the environment and the ozone
layer?
43.
Explain what might happen if an alien species is introduced into a new
environment (e.g., Kudzu brought to the US from Asia).
44.
Describe the effects of acid rain on an ecosystem.
45.
Explain how carrying capacity can act as a limiting factor to population
growth.
SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of
the theory of evolution.
46.
Compare contrast biogenesis and abiogenesis, and describe the scientific
discoveries of Redi and Pasteur.
47.
Explain the Miller-Urey experiment that led to the theory that life arose
from a primordial sea.
48.
Explain the endosymbiont theory of Eukaryotic development.
49.
Define the term natural selection.
50.
What information can be gathered about two organisms whose fossils
are being compared?
51.
Fossil A is found in strata one. Fossil B is found in strata two. Strata
one is below strata two. Which fossil is older in relative age? How do you
know?
52.
What is C-14, its approximate half-life, and how can half-life be used to
determine age of an 11K old woolly mammoth?
53.
Explain how radiometric dating can be used to find the approximate age
of a rock. Why is C-14 NOT a reliable measure of rocks?
54.
What can the analysis of DNA and Amino acid sequences tell us about
the evolutionary relationship between two organisms?
55.
Explain why natural selection is the process responsible for evolution.
56.
What the difference between directional, stabilizing and disruptive
natural selection?
57.
time.
Explain why traits that do not confer an advantage may disappear over
58.
What characteristics of the Galapagos Islands led to the uniqueness of
their ecosystems, and what did Darwin hypothesize from the observations he
collected there?
59.
Explain the following evolutionary mechanisms:
Genetic drift –
Founder effect –
Bottleneck effect –
Nonrandom mating –
Mutation –
60.
How can a population’s isolation lead to speciation?
61.
Compare and contrast analogous, homologous, and vestigial features.
What can these features tell us about the evolutionary relationship between
two organisms?
62.
What can the examination of the embryos of two organisms tell us about
their evolutionary relationship?
SB3. Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multicelled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.
63.
Explain what Aristotle and Linnaeus contributed to Biology.
64.
Compare and contrast the three domains of life.
65.
List the six kingdoms used for classification of living things.
66.
Through 71. Use a table to compare the six kingdoms. Use the following
characteristics: prokaryotic or eukaryotic, cell wall, multicellular or
unicellular, heterotrophic or autotrophic.
72.
What evidence led scientists to classify archaebacteria in a kingdom
separate from eubacteria?
73.
Draw a simple phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary relationship
between the 6 kingdoms.
74.
What are the major characteristics used to classify phyla in the the
kingdom Protista?
75.
What are the major characteristics used to classify phyla in the kingdom
Fungi?
76.
What are the major characteristics used to classify phyla in the kingdom
Plantae?
77.
What are the major characteristics used to classify phyla in the kingdom
Animalia?
78.
How is a virus different from a cell?
79.
Is a virus an organism? Why or why not?
80.
Explain why a virus should NOT be treated by antibiotics?
SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive
generations.
81. List and explain the steps of the cell cycle.
82. List and explain the phases of mitosis.
83. What type of cell undergoes mitosis?
84. Describe the chromosome number (n), number of cells, and purpose of
mitosis.
85. Briefly explain the phases of meiosis.
86. What type of cell undergoes meiosis?
87. Describe the chromosome number (n), number of cells, and purpose of
meiosis.
88. Explain cancer in terms of mitosis and cell division.
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
89. Using a chart, show the three main differences between RNA and DNA
(sides, sugars and bases).
90. Sketch and explain the steps involved in the process of transcription.
91. Sketch and explain the steps involved in the process of translation
92. Explain the relationship between DNA and chromosomes.
93. What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
94. Sketch and explain the steps of DNA replication.
95. What is a polymerase chain reaction? Name some uses of PCR.
96. What is DNA fingerprinting? Name some uses of DNA fingerprinting.
97. What is the Human Genome Project?
Genetics
98. Use a punnett square to determine the probability of a trait occurring in an
individual.
99. What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant
individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype?
100.
Use a punnett square to determine the probability of a sex-linked trait
occurring in an individual. A woman carrying the gene for hemophilia is
married to a hemophiliac. What percentage of their children will be expected
to have hemophilia?
101.
What is the difference between sex-linked and sex-influenced traits?
102.
Use a punnett square to determine the genotypes and phenotypes in
problems dealing with multiple alleles.
103.
A man of blood type AB marries a woman of blood type A. What are the
possible blood types of the offspring if the woman’s mother was type O?
104.
Use a punnett square to determine the genotypes and phenotypes in
problems dealing with codominance. What are the possible genotypes and
phenotypes that result from the cross of a red horse and a white horse if hair
color is a codominant trait?
105.
Use a punnett square to determine the genotypes and phenotypes in the
following problem dealing with incomplete dominance. What are the possible
genotypes and phenotypes that result from the cross of a red snapdragon and a
white snapdragon if color is an incompletely dominant trait?
106.
State the laws of independent assortment and segregation and
demonstrate them using a Punnett square.
107.
What is gene linkage? How does gene linkage explain the observation
that most people with red hair also have freckles?
108.
What is a mutation? What is the difference between a chromosomal
mutation and a gene mutation? Give an example of each and tell what effects
each may have.
109.
Using a sample nitrogen base sequence, demonstrate several types of
mutations during DNA replication.
110.
What are carcinogens and mutagens?
111.
How is the effect of a sex cell mutation different than that of a somatic
cell mutation?
112.
How is genetic variability enhanced by sexual reproduction, mutation
and genetic recombination during crossing-over?
SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between
structures and functions in living cells.
113.
Using a Venn diagram, compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells.
114.
Using a Venn diagram, compare and contrast plant and animal cells.
115.
Explain which organelles are involved and their role in:
heredity
transforming energy
transport and storage
protein production
maintaining the cell membrane
homeostasis
reproduction
116.
Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.
117.
What are the three special features that enzymes have in common?
118.
Identify the function and the monomer units (major building blocks) of
the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic
acids).
118.
Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e., osmosis, diffusion).
119.
Explain what would happen to a plant and animal cell when placed into
a hypo-, hyper- and isotonic solutions.