Download Biology 4th MP Quarterly Exam Study Guide Name: Directions

Biology 4th MP Quarterly Exam Study Guide
Name:
Directions: Answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Evolution
1. Define genetic drift. Define both types of genetic drift and give examples of each.
2. Define gene flow.
3. Define natural selection. How does natural selection affect species diversity in an ecosystem (think
of the tortoises on the Galapagos Islands)?
4. Explain how environment can cause a shift in the phenotype of a species (think of the black and
white pocket mice in the desert).
5. What are the sources of genetic variation in a species?
6. Which produces more genetic variation: sexual or asexual reproduction? Explain.
7. Define reproductive isolation and what it can lead to. What are 3 types of isolation that can lead
to reproductive isolation.
8. What type of selection favors phenotypes at both extremes and selects against intermediate
phenotypes? Draw a graph below to represent this type of selection.
9. What type of selection favors phenotypes at only one extreme? Draw a graph below to represent
this type of selection.
10. What type of selection favors intermediate phenotypes and selects against extreme phenotypes?
Draw a graph below to represent this type of selection.
11. DNA & proteins can be used to determine evolutionary relationships. 3 different species have a
similar protein. Explain how you could tell which 2 species are less closely related by looking at the
protein.
12. Explain embryology and how it shows evidence of evolution.
13. Explain what vestigial structures are and what they tell us about evolution (think of wings on
flightless birds).
14. Explain what homologous structures are and how they provide evidence for evolution.
Ecology
1. The 5 levels of ecology in order are listed below. Next to each category name, write the biotic or
abiotic factor that belongs with each level.
1. Organism
2. Population
3. Community
4. Ecosystem
5. Biome
2. Bacteria plays a major role in nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen cycle. Bacteria in the soil and in
plant roots fixing the nitrogen into ammonia so that plants can readily use it. How does nitrogen get
into the soil so that bacteria can use it?
3. How is the carbon cycle related to the oxygen cycle?
4. Draw a food chain and a food web and explain the similarities and differences between them.
5. Symbiotic relationships between organisms are relationships where the 2 organisms have close
interactions with each other usually in a positive way. Name and explain the 3 types of symbiotic
relationships.
A. Mutualism
B. Commensalism
C. Parasitism
6. Define the terms Biotic and Abiotic and give examples.
7. According to this food web,
if the grasshoppers were
removed, how would the other
organisms be affected?
8. Give an example of competition between two organisms and predation between two organisms.
9. Use the graph to determine
when this population reached
its carrying capacity?
10. According to the
diagram, if lizards were
removed, what would
happen to the locusts
and the snakes?
11. Using your knowledge of renewable resources from class, explain 2 ways in which humans can
reduce the waste/pollution produced on Earth.
12. Give 2 reasons why invasive/non-native species can be harmful to a new area.